영남 농악과 사물놀이의 별달거리를 활용한 초등 타악 교육 방안

박희윤 국립국악원 2023 국악원논문집 Vol.47 No.-

"Byeoldalgeori" is a rearranged piece based on Yeongnam nongak . Not only Jinju-Samcheonpo nongak's "Byeolgutnori", which is directly mentioned as the background of the creation of "Byeoldalgeori", but also Geumneung Bitnae nongak's "Panan dadeuraegi (sorigut)" are closely related to "Byeoldalgeori". This study compares and analyzes the musical composition and characteristics between the three musical pieces and examines musical expressions of the percussions shown in nongak (also called pungmul; percussion ensemble music) and samulnori (a modernized version of pungmul). Thus, it aims to find educational plans that can be used for elementary students to learn traditional percussions. In order to examine the musical composition and characteristics of samulnori and nongak, this study divides the entire piece into instrumental and vocal elements to explore musical characteristics and effects. In addition, it grasps the structure of the jangdan (rhythmic patterns) by identifying it with sobak (lit. small beat; subdivided beat) and bak (beat) according to the rhythmic structure, and analyzes phrases and whole pieces based on the rhythmic type. As a result, the musical composition and characteristics are derived as follows. First of all, both nongak and samulnori include vocal and instrumental elements, which are arranged in a balanced way, based on hwimori jangdan (four beats with duple subdivisions). Vocal elements include lines, slogans, and rhymes, each of which plays a role of giving signals, praying for wishes, and conveying daily situations, respectively, enriching the contents of the music. The rhythm patterns of hwimori jangdan can be seen as variations, and they form a musical phrases such as a type of one jangdan (one jangdan periodically), a type of dual jangdans (two contrasting jangdans periodically), and a stereotyped type (the fixed number of jangdans with the fixed rhythmic patterns and order periodically). The style ofcall and response and the style according to hanbae (tempo) in an entire piece are found. This study proposes an educational plan using the musical expressions of Korean traditional percussion music. First, in terms of vocal elements, learners can express various contents in slogans, and rhymes to match hwimori jangdan. Second, in terms of instrumental elements, they can learn various rhythm patterns of hwimori jangdan and then make various musical phrases combining them in a new way. Third, they can properly arrange vocal and instrumental elements and introduce the style of call and response to make the entire piece well-structured. Lastly, they can properly utilize the function of conventional hwimori jangdan to realize the form according to hanbae in the entire piece 별달거리는 영남 농악을 바탕으로 재구성한 악곡이다. 별달거리의 생성배경으로 직접 거론되는 진주삼천포농악의 ‘별굿놀이’ 뿐만 아니라 금릉빗내농악의 ‘판안다드래기(소리굿)’도 별달거리와 서로 긴밀하게 연관되어 있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 세악곡 사이의 음악적 구성 및 특징을 살펴보고 비교・분석하여 농악과 사물놀이에서 드러나는 타악 음악 어법을 검토한 후 초등국악 타악 교육에 활용할 수 있는 교육방안을 모색하는 데 목적을 두었다. 사물놀이와 농악의 음악적 구성과 특징을 살펴보기위해 악곡 전체를 기악적 요소와 성악적 요소로 나누어 음악적 특징과 효과를 탐색하였다. 또한 박자구조에 따라 소박과 박으로구분하여 장단의 구조를 파악하고 가락유형을 기준으로 악구와 전체 악곡을 분석하였다. 그 결과 도출된 음악적 구성과 특징은다음과 같다. 농악과 사물놀이 모두 2소박 4박의 휘모리장단을 기반으로 성악적 요소와 기악적 요소로 이루어져 있고 두 요소를 적절히 배치하였다. 성악적 요소에는 대사, 구호, 말장단이 있는데 각각 안내하는 신호 역할, 소망을 기원하는 역할, 일상적상황을 전달하는 역할을 담당하며 악곡의 내용을 더욱 풍성하게 하였다. 휘모리의 장단꼴들은 변주 양상으로 볼 수 있으며단독 혹은 2개 이상이 결합하여 외장단형, 대비형, 가진형 등의 악구를 형성하였다. 전체 악곡 상 주고받는 형식과 한배에 따른형식을 발견할 수 있었다. 이를 바탕으로 국악 타악의 음악 어법을 활용한 교육방안을 제안하였다. 첫째, 성악적 요소 측면에서학습자는 구호나 말장단에 여러 내용을 담아 휘모리장단에 어울리도록 표현할 수 있다. 둘째, 기악적 요소 측면에서 학습자는휘모리의 여러 장단꼴들을 익히고 이들을 새롭게 구성하여 다양한 악구를 만들 수 있다. 셋째, 학습자는 성악적 요소와 기악적요소를 적절하게 배치하고 주고받는 형식까지 도입하여 전체 악곡을 짜임새 있게 만들 수 있다. 마지막으로 학습자는 관습적인휘모리 가락의 기능을 적절히 활용하여 전체 악곡에서 한배에 따른 형식을 구현할 수 있다.

화랑곡나방의 발생에 따른 Esterase Isozymes의 Pattern변화

박희윤,이형철,유종명,Park, Hee-Yun,Lee, Hyung-Chul,Yoo, Chong-Myung 한국연초학회 1998 한국연초학회지 Vol.20 No.1

Changes in activity and classification of esterase isozymes during the tire cycle or Plodia inteipunctella (Hiibner) were investigated by the native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The stage specificity in esterase activity and isozyme pattern was observed throughout the larvalpupal-adult transformation. The activity esterase was highest at the 3-day old adult stage, and the lowest level at the prepupal stage. A total of 12 esterase bands were identified throughout the development, and the bands showing high enzyme activity was observed in the middle part of gel. Twelve esterases on the basis of inhibition by the three types of inhibitors (organophosphates, eserine sulfate and sulfhydryl reagents) were classified into three class, namely, carboxylesterase (CE), arylesterase (ArE) and cholinesterase (ChE), and these classes contained 7, 3 and 2 isozymes, respectively.

담배나방의 발생과 휴면에 따른 혈림프 생체물질의 변화

박희윤,이형철,이옥경,박계주,유종명 한국연초학회 1998 한국연초학회지 Vol.20 No.2

Changes of biological components in haemolymph of Helicoverpa assulta Guenee were investigated during the development and pupae of cold-stress periods. Protein content was the highest in the larval stage, whereas it showed somewhat lower level at the cold-stressed pupae. The level of free amino acids was high in the larval and adult stages. Althougth decresed in pupal stage, the level of free amino acid remarkably increased at the cold-stressed pupae. Total lipids were a little increased at the pupal stage, after small quantity decreased in I-day old adults, and then remarkably decreased at the cold-stressed pupae. Glycogen was increased at the pupal stage, and somewhat decreased in the stage of adult, but remarkably decreased at the cold-stressed pupae. From thin layer chromatographic analysis, glucose was detected in small quantity at 1-day old pupae, one-day old adults, and cold-stressed pupae, respectively. Each .activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases was the highest in the 1 and 7-day old pupae, respectively, and both enzyme activities were increased about two-fold compared to the activity in the cold-stressed pupae. A total of 2 phosphatase isozymes were observed in throughout the developmental stage, and a new isozyme specific to cold-stressed pupae was identified.

도급조직중심의 현행 중소기업 지원제도의 문제점과 개선방향

박희윤,Park, Hui-Yun 한국상하수도협회 1984 水道 Vol.31 No.-

무아레 抑制用 擬似 랜덤 網點化

박희윤,유건룡,하홍곤,문영득,안석출 한국인쇄학회 1997 한국인쇄학회지 Vol.15 No.2

Cloning and Functional Expression of cDNA Encoding Pheromone △9 Acyl-CoA Desaturase of the Tobacco Cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

박희윤,정성은 한국곤충학회 2005 Entomological Research Vol.35 No.4

A cDNA encoding pheromone .9 acyl-CoA desaturase, Slit KPSE was isolated from sex pheromone gland of the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura which uses a diene unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) derivative, Z9E11-14 : 2 as a major pheromone component. The fulllength open reading frame coding region of Slit KPSE was inserted in a yeast shuttle vector, YEpOLEX, and two kinds of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) mutant strains were transformed with the recombinant vector. In the desaturase-deficient ole1 strain, Slit KPSE expressed a complementary enzyme producing two kinds of diene UFAs, more 9-16 : 1 and less 9-18 : 1 at a ratio of 1 : 0.74 exhibiting a typical functional characteristics as one of the pheromone .9 acyl-CoA desaturase lineage group, KPSE, but no .9 14C monoene was detectable because of too small amount of 14C saturated fatty acid precursor to be reliably used by Slit KPSE in the transformed cells. However, the another transformed yeast strain elo1 which is deficient of elongase 1, an enzyme converting 14C to 16 C hydrocarbon substrate, was supplemented with some myristic acid (14 : 0) in the medium, and produced a significant amount of 9-14 : 1 in due to a much enhanced level of the 14C substrate suggesting that Slit KPSE may be responsible for making the .9 double bond on the diene pheromone component.

視覺 特性을 基盤한 靑色雜音 스크린 製作

박희윤,유미옥,오성상,문영득,안석출 한국인쇄학회 1998 한국인쇄학회지 Vol.16 No.2

사면 Mattress에 의한 배수압변화와 식생복원

박희윤,배상수,지홍기,이순탁 한국수자원학회 2005 한국수자원학회 학술대회 Vol.2005 No.1

Valinomycin 단분자막의 물성 연구

박희윤,이종만 성신여자대학교 기초과학연구소 2001 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.19 No.-

The surface pressure - mean molecular area isotherms for valinomycin, a cyclic dodecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic, at the air/water interface have been investigated under various subphases and temperatures using Langmuir - type Film Balance in order to obtain the physical properties of monolayer of horizontally oriented valinomycin which is one component of mitochondria membrane. Pure valinomycin apparently forms reasonably stable monolayer at various temperatures. These curves give the extrapolated mean molecular area which is 383.77Å2 at 33℃, monolayer compressibility which is 0.0264cm/dyne and collapse pressure which is 16.06mN/m at 33℃. As the KCl concentration in subphase was increased more than 1.0M, an inflection, phase transition in the valinomycin force-area curve occured at successively lower surface pressure and higher mean molecular area. In contrast, Li+, Na+ and Cs+ ions showed no phase transition. When valinomycin complexes a cation, K+ at the membrane/water interface, it undergoes a rearrangement that is evident from a decrease in mean molecular area of approximately 15∼ 20Å2. And also the surface pressure versus mean molecular area curves of the mixed monolayer of valinomycin with L-α-Dipentadecanoyl Phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) were obtained at various compositions. By addition of DPPC, it was observed that the mean molecular area of mixed monolayer becames somewhat smaller than the value to be calculated theoretically. An equimolar mixture of valinomycin and DPPC gave an isotherm contour that indicates considerable condensation.

화랑곡나방(Plodia interpunctella Hubner) Carboxylesterase-III의 정제 및 생화학적 특성

박희윤,유종명 한국연초학회 1999 한국연초학회지 Vol.21 No.2

Purification and biochemical experiments on the carboxylesterases-III (CE-III) from the indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) were carried out to understand their enzymemological characteristics. The CE-III from the fifth instar larvae was purified by means of ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel permeation choromatography and ion exchange choromatography. The optimal temperature for the reaction of the CE-III on the 4 substrates ($\alpha$-Na, $\alpha$-Nb, $\beta$-Na and $\beta$-Nb) was confirmed at 4$0^{\circ}C$. The optimal pH for the reactions on the substrates $\alpha$-Na and $\alpha$-Nb was 7.5. But the optimal pH on the substrate $\beta$-Na and $\beta$-Nb was 8.0. The optimal substrate concentration for the reactions of the CE-III was 3.16 X 10$^{-3}$ M in $\alpha$-Na and $\beta$-Nb. On the substrate $\beta$-Na and $\alpha$-Nb, the optimal substrate concentration was 1.0 X 10$^{-3}$ M for CE-III. The $V_{max}$ and $K_{m}$ values of the carboxylesterases were varied by the substrates as followings: the $V_{max}$ of CE-III was 45.9 for $\alpha$-Na, 52.6 for $\beta$-Na, 36.4 for $\alpha$-Nb, and 83.3 ($\mu$ mol/min/mg protein) for $\beta$-Nb. The $K_{m}$ of CE-III was 1.43 X 10$^{-4}$ M for $\alpha$-Na, 3.57 x 10$^{-5}$ M for $\beta$-Na, 9.17 X 10$^{-5}$ M for $\alpha$-Nb, and 7.14 X 10$^{-5}$ M for $\beta$ -Nb, respectively. The CE-III seemed to have somewhat high thermostability considering that the temperature for effective denaturation on activity was about 5$0^{\circ}C$ ~ 6$0^{\circ}C$.EX>.EX>.