Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Liver-Related Mortality : A Cohort Study

김건화,조용균,장유수 대한내과학회 2019 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2019 No.1

How to Increase the Sales of Traditional Markets - Local Currency vs. Discount Coupon -

김건화 한국재정정책학회 2023 財政政策論集 Vol.25 No.4

This study compares two government subsidy schemes−the local currency and discount coupon−that aim to boost the sales of traditional markets but differ in the way of subsidizing consumer expenditure. The local currency subsidizes a certain percentage of the consumer’s total expenditure, whereas the discount coupon grants a fixed amount of value that can be exchanged for goods or services to the consumer when he spends a specific amount of money (i.e., spends money at more than one shop). When consumers are allowed to travel to multiple shops to buy goods under the framework of the Hotelling model, the two subsidy schemes have a different impact on promoting multi-purchasing. Unlike the local currency which applies to every consumer and makes no impact on increasing multi-purchasing no matter how many purchases consumers make, the discount coupon is given only to consumers who purchase from more than one shop, hence incentivizing multi-purchasing. As a result, the discount coupon achieves a (weakly) higher level of social welfare than the local currency in a sense that the increased volume of multi-purchasing arising under the discount coupon creates the additional sales of both shops, consequently generating a positive consumption value that otherwise cannot be achieved under the local currency.

Can a Super-supermarket and Traditional Market Win-Win When a Super-supermarket Owns an Exclusive Competitive Advantage?

김건화 한국유통경영학회 2023 유통경영학회지 Vol.26 No.6

Purpose: Aiming to revitalize traditional markets that have been on a steady downturn over the past decades, Korean government strives for ”win-win“ between a super-supermarket (henceforth, SSM) and traditional market by inducing supermarket shoppers to make another trip to the traditional market to buy goods on their shopping list. This paper investigates whether such a multi-stop shopping arises and both markets can win-win when the SSM has a competitive edge for every product over the traditional market. Research design, data, and methodology: For this purpose, this article adapts the framework of Brandão et al. (2014) that consider the Hotelling competition between multi-product firms differing in the modes of retail−unlike the products sold in the SSM, the prices of which are determined coordinately to maximize the joint profit, those in the traditional market are charged independently to maximize the profit of its own. Results: The results show that as long as the traditional market lacks the competitive edge for every product, there is no multi-stop shopping behavior at the equilibrium in which consumers purchase goods from both stores. In other words, the win-win strategy of the Korean government that promotes cooperation between the two types of markets by encouraging supermarket shoppers to visit the traditional market, certainly fails. Furthermore, we find that there still exists no such an equilibrium even when the retail mode of traditional market is switched to the modes of SSM, implying that the sufficient condition to make the win-win strategy effective lies not in the way a store is organized but in how the competitive advantages are distributed among the products and stores. Implications: In light of Lee & Kim (2023) that show the existence of a multistop shopping equilibrium when one store has store loyalty for (only) one product (not for both), our result implies that in order for both stores to win-win, the government needs to support the traditional market that enables it to foster its own strength for any product to the extent to which it offsets the store loyalty to the SSM.

졸업유예의 비용에 관한 고찰

김건화,정혜윤 인문사회 21 2023 인문사회 21 Vol.14 No.3

This study aims to study the costs of delayed graduation. To achieve this, we propose the concept of ‘comprehensive social costs’, consisting of costs at the individual, institutional, and structural levels. Firstly, individual costs refer to the economic burden of consumers in the higher education (students), including the monetary expenses incurred when extending the study period (direct cots), and the opportunity costs surrounding the time and effort spent during said period (indirect costs). Secondly, institutional costs are the various administrative and operational expenses associated with students’ delayed graduation, incurred by the provider of higher education (the university). Lastly, structural costs correspond to the loss of social surplus due to the inefficiencies resulting from delayed graduation which society otherwise would have enjoyed. Our study fills the gap in the literature on how the costs occur and who bears them and provides theoretical background for analyzing costs, which is necessary to formulate effective policies.

Organic ligand를 통한 MXene Surface functionalization and reinforcement of coating adhesion

김건화,인인식,이휘영,강병인 한국공업화학회 2021 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2021 No.1

Influence of AKI on Overall Survival of Patients Receiving Transarterial Chemoembolization for HCC

김건화,손원,함철배,김남희,김홍주,조용균 대한내과학회 2019 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2019 No.1

Customer Loyalty and Multi-stop Shopping

김건화,이종재 한국계량경제학회 2021 계량경제학보 Vol.32 No.4

This paper studies how customer loyalty impinges on the existence of a multi-stop shopping equilibrium. A particular focus lies on the pricing decisions of firms in two distinct modes of retail, the department store and the shopping mall. We show that a multi-stop shopping equilibrium exists, but the required level of customer loyalty exceeds the total traveling costs. This seemingly unnatural gap arises only to discourage the individual retailer of the shopping mall from raising the price independently, knowing that the loyal customers would not leave him easily.

특수학교 특수교사와 관리자의 통합교육 및 일반학교와의 통합교류에 대한 인식과 경험 고찰

김건화(Kim, GeonHwa),이숙향(Lee, Suk-Hyang) 단국대학교 특수교육연구소 2021 특수교육논총 Vol.37 No.3

연구목적: 본 연구는 특수학교 특수교사와 관리자의 통합교육과 일반학교와의 통합교류에 대한 인식과 경험을 살펴봄으로써 통합교육의 흐름 속에서 특수학교 교육의 방향성을 탐색하고자 하였다. 연구방법: 본 연구의 목적을 고려하여 수도권 내 특수학교에서 근무하고 있는 특수교사 17명과 관리자 5명을 대상으로 포커스그룹 면담 및 개별 면담을 실시하였고 그 외 관련 자료들을 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 주제분석 방법을 사용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과: 분석 결과, 다음과 같은 3가지 대주제가 도출되었다: 1) 통합교육 및 일반학교와의 통합교류 성과 및 교훈, 2) 특수학교에서 바라본 통합교육, 3) 통합교육과 함께하는 특수학교 교육. 결론: 도출된 대주제 및 하위주제를 바탕으로 향후 통합교육의 흐름 속에서 특수학교 교육의 지향점과 이를 위한 구체적인 방안에 대해 다음과 같은 제언이 제시되었다: 1) 주요 관련자들 간 공유된 이해와 협력 증진, 2) 법적 정의에 나타난 통합교육 개념 재정립의 필요성, 3) 통합을 지향하는 특수학교 교육의 실천, 4) 일반학교와의 통합교류 여건 개선요구, 5) 특수학교가 가져야 할 새로운 정체성과 역할 및 지원요구 Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the perceptions and experiences of teachers and administrators working in special schools about inclusive education and interschool exchanges with general schools and to explore future directions for special schools. Method: The participants were 17 teachers and 5 administrators working at special schools. Focus group and in-depth individual interviews were conducted with the participants. Other data collected besides the interview were such as books, research papers, articles, etc. Thematic analysis method was used to analyze the collected data. Result: Resulting from the qualitative analysis, the following three themes emerged: 1) outcomes and lessons from experiences of inclusive education and interschool exchange, 2) the inclusive education seen in special schools, and 3) education in special school oriented towards inclusive education. Conclusion: Based on the findings, the implications regarding new orientation and practices for special schools were discussed under the following five points: 1) promotion of shared understanding and cooperation among stakeholders, 2) needs for re-introduction of inclusive education in legal statements, 3) possible actions for education related to inclusive education in special schools, 4) improving conditions for interschool exchanges with general schools, and 5) new identities and roles of special schools along with necessary support needs.

성별에 따른 학업성취도와 졸업소요기간에 관한 연구: A대학의 사례를 중심으로

김건화(KyunHwa Kim) 한국산학기술학회 2023 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.24 No.10

본 연구는 국제경영대학인 A대학을 대상으로 학업성과에 있어 성별격차가 나타나는지를 확인하고자 한다. 이를 위해 2008년부터 2023년도까지 학부정규 졸업생 1,005명을 대상으로 i)학업성취도를 나타내는 지표인 총평량평점과 ii)졸업소요기간에 있어 유의미한 성별격차가 나타나는지를 t-검정을 통해 살펴본다. A대학의 경우 30여개 국적으로 이루어진 60-70%의 외국인 유학생으로 구성되어 있기에, 이러한 성별격차가 국가별로 어떻게 나타나는지를 세분화할 수 있는 특징이 있다. 결과에 따르면, 첫째, 학업성취도의 경우 모든 국가에서 여학생들의 총평량평점이 남학생들에 비해 높은 것으로 나타났는데, 북남미·아프리카국가를 제외한 모든 국가에서 통계적으로 유의미한 성별격차를 보였다. 둘째, 군복무로 인해 남학생들이 졸업이 늦어지는 한국을 포함한 모든 국가에서 여학생들이 남학생들보다 더 빨리 졸업을 하는 것을 확인하였는데, 이는 모든 국가에서 통계적으로 유의미하게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 각 그룹의 차이를 이해하고 이를 반영하는 대학교육정책이 필요함을 시사한다는 점에서 연구의 의의가 있다. This study aims to investigate the gender gap in academic performance based on the case of University A, which specializes in international business. For this purpose, I investigate the gender gap with two factors representing academic performance: i) academic achievement(CGPA) and ii) time-to-graduate by using t-test. With a student body that is 60-70% international students of more than 30 nationalities, a sample of 1,005 graduates(from 2008 to 2023) in University A allows us to explore the gender gap by country. The results show that firstly, female students demonstrate a higher CGPA than male students and this result holds true for students from all countries. Except for the students from countries in Latin·North America/Africa, the gender gap is statistically significant. Secondly, female students take less time to graduate than male counterparts. Interestingly, this result holds for students from every country including Korea where male students take longer to graduate due to mandatory military service, and there is a significant gender gap in time-to-graduate for every country. By confirming such a gender gap in academic performance, this study contributes to building up a higher education policy that better reflects the differences between genders.

유학생들의 학업성취와 적응에 관한 분석: S대학의 사례를 중심으로

정혜윤,김건화 한국EU학회 2023 EU학연구 Vol.28 No.1

The number of international students in Korea has steadily increased due to active recruitment by domestic universities with the support of the government. However, the relatively high number of students dropping out has become a crucial issue as it may damage the reputation of Korean higher education in the global market, which may potentially decrease the number of inbound students to Korea in the future. Hence, in addition to recruiting international students, it has become essential to effectively manage them with a focus on providing multidimensional support. This study aims to investigate the key success factors that affect academic achievement and adaptation of international students based on the case of S University, where students from over 60 nationalities are currently enrolled. We find that S University provides various curricular and extracurricular activities to foster social interaction among students, which results in higher levels of academic and social integration of international students and an increased sense of belonging. Therefore, the example set by S University provides domestic universities with enriched managerial implications with regard to the recruitment and retention of international students. 우리나라 외국인 유학생 수는 정부의 정책적 지원과 국내 대학들의 적극적 유치 활동으로꾸준히 증가하는 추세이다. 그러나 이들의 높은 중도탈락률은 국제 사회에서의 우리나라 고등교육 평판과 미래의 유학생 유치에 부정적 영향을 미칠 수 있기에 외국인 유학생 유치 못지않게 그들에 대한 관리가 중요한 문제로 대두되고 있다. 본 연구는 외국인 유학생들의 대학 및 유학생활 적응 및 성과에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 분석한 선행연구들을 바탕으로, 국제 특성화 대학으로 다국적 유학생들을 유치하고 졸업시키는 선순환을 그리고 있는 S대학의운영 및 성공요인을 분석하여 고등교육 국제화에 대한 정책적 시사점을 제시한다. S대학의 경우 선행연구에서 강조하는 정서적 안정, 유대, 그리고 언어 장벽을 넘은 소통을 이루기 위해 대학 차원에서 다양한 교과⋅비교과 프로그램을 운영함으로써 유학생들을 적극적으로 지원하는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 S대학의 사례는 외국인 유학생들의 성공적인 학업성취와 적응을 위한 실질적인 학교운영전략을 보여주고 있다는 점에서, 외국인 유학생들의 유치와 관리를 위해 힘쓰는 많은 국내 대학들에게 시사하는 바가 클 것으로 기대한다.