운임(雲林) 예찬(倪瓚)의 사상(思想)과 그의 문인화(文人畵) 경계(境界)

권윤희,Kwon, Yun Hee 국제문화기술진흥원 2020 The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technolo Vol.6 No.4

예찬은 중국 원말 사대가의 한 사람이다. 그는 이민족의 지배를 받은 시대적인 환경하(環境下)에서 자신의 독특헌 예술세계룰 구축하였다. 그의 화론인 흉중일기(胸中逸氣)는 동양 전통사상인 유(儒), 불(佛), 선의(禪) 영향으로 이루어진 정신적인 산물이다. 일기사상(逸氣思想)은 도가적(道家的)인 청담(淸淡)이나 허무(虛無), 무위사상(無爲思想)의 영향으로 문인(文人) 사대부(士大夫) 사이에 일어난 자연에 대한 새로운 자각이다. 이는 세속을 초월하여 일어났으며 남종 문인화(文人畵)의 이론적인 토대가 되었다. 예찬(倪瓚)의 일필(逸筆)은 흉중(胸中)의 일기(逸氣)를 그리는 방법이다. 이는 그가 오랫동안 노력하고 실천한 가운데 얻어진 문인화 경계이다. 예찬(倪瓚)은 생활의 체험 속에서 깨달은 선의(禪) 오경(悟境)으로 시서일체(詩書一體), 시선일치(詩禪一致)의 높은 경지를 실현하였다. 그의 예술정신은 흉중일기로 대변되는 탈속원진(脫俗遠塵), 일소부주의 고답(高踏), 시서일체(詩書一體)의 높은 경지를 표출하였다. 이를 통하여 그는 원말(元末) 명초(明初)의 화단에 독창적인 문인화(文人畵) 세계를 구축하였다. Ye-chan(倪瓚) is one of the four great masters of the Yuan. He built his own unique art world under the rule of the times under the rule of immigrahts. His theory of painting, i-ch'i(逸氣) in the heart, is a spiritual product made up of the influence of traditional oriental thoughts such as Confucian scholar(儒), Buddhism(佛), and Zen Buddhism(禪). The i-ch'i is a new awareness of nature that has arisen between literary noblemen(文人士大夫) under the influence of freshness(淸淡), emptiness(虛無), non-action(無爲). This is beyond the mundane world and became the theoretical basis for literati painting. The i-pi(逸筆) of Ye-chan is a method of drawing the i-ch'i in the heart. This is the boundary of his literati painting obtained through his long efforts and practice. Ye-chan realized the high ground of unity of poem and calligraphy(詩書一體) and unity of poem and Zen(詩禪一致), which he realized in his daily life.His artistic spirit expressed the high level of staying away from being clean(脫俗遠塵), doing not stay in one place(一所不住), and unity of poem and calligraphy(詩書一体). Through this, he built a unique world of literati painting in the Art World of the late Yuan and early Ming dynasty.

수치해석을 통한 치과용 LCD 3D 프린터의 냉각성능 분석

권윤희(Younhee Kwon),안병율(Byeong Yul Ahn),임흥기(Hung Gi Lim),기환종(Hwan Jong Ki),김재성(Jae Sung Kim) (사)한국CDE학회 2022 한국CDE학회 논문집 Vol.27 No.4

In order to maintain the performance of the 3D printer, it is important to satisfy the temperature requirements of the parts inside the device. Unlike the existing FDM type, the LCD type printer has a peculiarity that radiant heat transfer must be considered, and it is difficult to measure it experimentally. In this study, the flow characteristics of the light source of the LCD printer were analyzed through numerical analysis considering radiative heat transfer. Numerical analysis was performed according to the number and location of cooling fans on the front of the product to analyze the flow characteristics of the light source and the cooling effect of parts. When two fans are installed in parallel on the front part, a 6℃ temperature reduction effect was obtained on the LCD and 1.5℃ temperature reduction effect on the LED panel was found to show the most efficient cooling effect.

간호학생의 임상수행능력 경로모형 분석

권윤희(Kwon, Yun-Hee),곽오계(Kwag, Oh-Gye) 한국산학기술학회 2012 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.13 No.10

본 연구는 간호학생의 비판적사고성향, 진로정체감, 간호전문직 자아개념, 임상실습만족 및 임상수행능력 의 관계에 대한 경로모형을 검증하고자 시도되었다. 간호학생 581명을 대상으로 자가보고형 설문지를 이용하여 자 료수집 하였다. 자료는 SPSS 및 AMOS 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과, 간호학생의 임상수행능력에 대해 비판적사고성향, 진로정체감, 간호전문직 자아개념 및 임상실습만족이 직접효과가 있었다. 그리고 비판적사고 성향과 진로정체감이 간접효과가 있었다. 간호학생의 간호전문직 자아개념과 임상실습만족에 대해 비판적사고성향 과 진로정체감이 직접효과가 있었다. 이러한 결과에서 간호학생의 임상수행능력에 영향을 미치는 요인을 고려하 고, 적절하고 효율적인 교육과정 및 교수학습 프로그램을 개발해야 한다. This study examined the fitness of a path model on the relationship among critical thinking, career identity, nursing professional self-concept, satisfaction of clinical practice, and clinical practice competency for nursing students. The subjects consisted of 581 nursing students and data was collected through self-report questionnaires. The data was analyzed by the SPSS and AMOS programs. Critical thinking, career identity, nursing professional self-concept, and satisfaction of clinical practice showed a direct effect on clinical practice competency for nursing students. Critical thinking and career identity showed an indirect effect on clinical practice competency for nursing students. Critical thinking and career identity showed a direct effect on nursing professional self-concept and satisfaction of clinical practice for nursing students. We consider the cause which affects the clinical practice competency of student nurses and study on the reasonable and effective curriculum and teaching and learning program.

간호대학생의 생명의료윤리 의식에 영향을 미치는 요인

권윤희(Kwon, Yunhee) 한국보건간호학회 2009 韓國保健看護學會誌 Vol.23 No.2

Objectives: This study sought to provide basic data for the establishment of a desirable sense of ethics in medical service by analyzing the consciousness of biomedical ethics of nursing students. Methods: Subjects were nursing students selected from four-year and three-year nursing colleges(n=355 and 360, respectively) in D city and G buk-Do region. The Data was analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression. Results: The average point of the consciousness of biomedical ethics was 2.99. As result of analyzing general and specific aspects of the consciousness of biomedical ethics, statistically significant differences were found in age, religion, participation in religious activity, kinds of student group activity in subjects, ethical values, experience of hearing for biomedical ethics, quantity and quality of biomedical ethics in the current curriculum, the experience of conflict for biomedical ethical problem in subjects. The predicting variables that influence the consciousness of biomedical ethics, ethical values, quantity and quality of biomedical ethics in the current curriculum, religion, age, and experience of hearing for biomedical ethics. Conclusions: An arbitration program that could promote either changeable or controllable ethical values must be considered with attention to the significant variables that can promote the consciousness of biomedical ethics of nursing students.

MBTI활용 소집단 협력 학습프로그램이 간호학생의 간호전문직 자아개념과 진로성숙에 미치는 효과

권윤희(Kwon, Yunhee),곽오계(Kwag, Oh-Gye) 한국간호교육학회 2010 한국간호교육학회지 Vol.16 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a small group collaboration learning program through MBTI on nursing professional self-concept and career maturity of nursing college students. Method: A randomized control pre-post test experimental research design was used. There were 30 sophomore nursing students in the experimental group and 30 in the control group randomly assigned and randomly selected from the nursing program of T University in Daegu, Korea. The program through MBTI was developed by Kwon (2002) using a program by Shim and Kim (1997) as treatment. The experimental group received the program through MBTI for 30 hours (2 times a week for 15 weeks) while the control group received no treatment except a series of tests. Measures were the MBTI test, nursing professional self-concept scale, and career maturity scale. The data were analyzed with SPSS Win 17.0 program, chi-square test, and t-test. Result: The experimental group which received the program through MBTI had a higher score of nursing professional self-concept and career maturity change than the control group. Conclusion: A small group collaboration learning program through MBTI was effective in increasing nursing professional self-concept and career maturity of nursing college students.

조갑진균증의 진단에 있어 KONCPA 검사의 임상적 의의

권윤희 ( Yoon Hee Kwon ),조백기 ( Baik Kee Cho ) 대한피부과학회 1996 대한피부과학회지 Vol.34 No.4

Background: It has been reported that KONCPA(KOH+Nail clipping+PAS reaction) test might be a useful complementary method with a high positive rate and an exellent view for making the diagnosis of onychomycosis. Objective : This study was aimed to know whether KONCPA test would increase the diagnostic sensitivity of onychomycosis, and agree with the findings of fungus culture and whether KONCPA finding would be of help in diagnosing the causative fungi even in case that KOH smear and fungus culture fail to identify the causative fungi. Methods : Using 95 onychomycotic nail samples obtained from 87 patients, the KONCPA findings were compared with those of KOH smear and fungus culture. Results : The results were as follows ; 1. The positive rates for dtecting the causative fungi from KOH srnear, fungus culture and KONCPA test were 77.9%, 45.3% and 95.8% respectively. The time required for KONCPA test, showing the highest positive rate, was only about 2 to 3 hours. 2. The fungus culture identified the causative fungi from 43 samples, of which dermatophytes were found in 31 samples(72.1%), Candida spp. in 5 samples(11.6%) and molds in 7 samples(16. 3%). KOH smear revealed the causative fungi in 63 samples : dermatophytes 56(88.9%), Candida spp. 4(6.3%) and molds 3(4.8%). KONCPA yielded the highest positivity by detecting the pathogenic fungi in 86 samples(95.8%): dermatophytes 60(69.8%), Candida spp. 8(9.3%), molds 10 (11.6%) and mixed infections 8(9.3%). 3. Compared with the results of fungus culture, 3 groups of fungi showed morphologic differences on KONCPA test: dermatophyte showing septated long and thin hyphae and a few arthrospores, Candida sp. showing blastospores and/or grape-like clusters of regular spores and pseudohyphae, and mold showing irregular hyphae with variable width and aggregates of irregular spores. 4. Of the 52 samples which were negative in fungus culture, 33(63.5%) showed findings of dermatophyte, 2(3.8% ) of Candida sp., 2(3.8% ) of mold and the remaining 11 samples(21.2% ) were negative on KOH smear, Of these 52 samples, KONCPA diagnosed 34(65.4%) to be dermatophytes, 6(11.5%) Candida syp., 6(11.5%) molds, 1(1.9%) mixed infection and 2 samples(3.8%) to be negative. Conclusion : KONCPA test is useful in the diagnosis of onychomycosis because of its higher positive rate in detecting the causative fungi compared with fungus culture or KOH smear. It is also a timesaving and simple procedure. Furthermore, in case that KOH smear and fungus culture fail to identify the causative fungi, it is possible to make a presumptive diagnosis by the findings of KONCPA test. (Kor J Dermatol 1996;34(4): 527-537)

풍죽(風竹) 문인화(文人畵)의 심미지향(審美指向)

권윤희 ( Kwon Yun Hee ) 전남대학교 호남학연구원 2016 감성연구 Vol.0 No.13

풍죽 문인화는 대나무와 바람이 결합되어 이루어진 문인의 그림이다. 풍(風)은 보이지 않은 가운데 감화 ·교화를 시켜주는 형이상의 심미요소가 있으며, 竹은 유가미학의 상징으로 절개·지조·선비 등을 상징하는 심미요소가 있다. 따라서 풍죽 문인화는 竹이라는 자연물로 된 유가미학의 상징과 풍(風)이라는 형이상적인 심미요소가 결합되어 심미이상을 구현한다. 풍죽 문인화는 일반적으로 상리(常理)의 추구가 담겨 있으며, 중신사(重神似)의 원칙으로 청풍고절(淸風高節)의 정신미(精神美)가 드러나게 된다. 풍죽 문인화에 대한 심미는 다양한 관점과 기준에서 이루어질 수 있다. 본고는 기세(氣勢)와 신채(神采)를 가장 중요한 심미기준으로 본다. 왜냐하면 기세에는 동양예술의 기본원리인 숙(熟)이 담겨있고, 신채에는 풍죽 문인화의 품격을 격상시켜 주는 격조가 함께 있기 때문이다. 즉, 기세는 극공의 숙에 의한 개성이며 천착된 필력이 있어야 가능하다. 기세가 외적인 형태로 드러난다면 신채는 내적인 정신이 드러남이다. 풍죽 문인화의 심미기준으로 신채는 품격을 보여주는 심미요소이다. 신채는 속됨을 없애고 맑음의 드러남을 추구하게 됨으로 가능하게 된다. 풍죽 문인화 미학의 심미이상은 비덕을 통한 유가미학의 구현에 있다. 이는 자연물에 군자와 선비를 의인화하여 가능하게 한다. 또한 풍죽 문인화 미학의 심미이상은 선비정신의 가시화(可視化) 하여 줌에 있다. 이는 청풍고절의 의상(意象)과 문향청기의 의상(意象)을 통하여 가능하게 한다. 이와 같이 풍죽의 문인화가 지향하는 심미지향은 비덕에 의한 유가미학의 구현을 통하여 선비정신을 드러내는 바에 있다. Windy bamboo is literati painting combined with bamboo and wind. The wind can`t be seen but has a metaphysical aesthetic element for influence and enlightenment. The bamboo also has a metaphysical aesthetic element for symbol of fidelity, unworldliness, and literati. Therefore, it is combined with the aesthetic element of bamboo which is a natural object and a symbol of Confucian aesthetics and wind which is the aesthetic element of metaphysics to realize the ideal of aesthetics. It generally has the pursuit of the matter of course(常理) and spiritual beauty of the clear wind and high fidelity(淸風高節) is revealed by the principle of the focused on mentally copied(重神似). The aesthetic about the windy bamboo can be reached at many different viewpoints and standards. I believe gi-se(strong force) and sin-chae (noble & mystic state) are the most important. It is because being mature, the basic principle of eastern art, is in the gise and the sin-chae consists of dignity which improves the level of the windy bamboo. In other words, the gise is individuality by studying hard and deeply and it will be available if there were the excavated power of a brush stroke. So, the gise expresses its personality outward, then the sinchae is its inner mind. They are the aesthetic elements of windy bamboo which show grace. This is available through pursuing revelation of clear and erasing earthliness. The ideal of aesthetics in windy bamboo is to embody confucian aesthetics through metaphor. It is possible by personification of wise man and scholar to natural object. And the aesthetic orientation is in the realization of confucian literati`s visualization. It is feasible through the image of the clear wind and high fidelity(淸風高節) and the image of literati`s fragrance and clear vigor (文香淸氣). Like this, the aim of aesthetics expresses the realization of confucian literati by metaphor through confucian aesthetics.

동양예술(東洋藝術)에서 "화(化)" 경계(境界)에 대한 심미적접근(審美的接近) -추사와 강암의 부작난도(不作蘭圖)를 중심(中心)으로-

권윤희 ( Yun Hee Kwon ) 한국동양예술학회 2014 동양예술 Vol.24 No.-

동양 예술은 주로 儒家와 佛家·道家의 사상을 토대로 형성되었다. 이는 자연에 바탕을 두고 模·臨·倣을 통하여 熟을 요구하는 것이 특징이다. 특히, 동양예술의 진수라 하는 서예술은 더욱 그러하다. 동양예술은 熟에 의하여 예술가의 개성과 嗜好에 따라 拙이나 樸·狂·逸과 같은 여러 심미경계로 표출된다. 인간은 예술을 통하여 다양한 미를 체험한다. 그러한 과정에서 개성과 취향·기호에 따라 각자의 심미안을 가지게 된다. 모든 예술은 보이지 않는 형이상의 궁극을 추구하며 心樂을 도모한다. 그러나 그 지향처가 可視化되는 것은 쉽지 않다. 본고는 동양예술에서 형이상의 심미의 궁극처를 ‘化’의 경계를 추사와 강암의 <不作蘭圖>를 審美的인 側面에서 接近하여 고찰하였다. 사실상 모든 예술가가 지향하는 ‘化’의 경계는 실현이 불가능하다. 다만 ‘化’의 경계를 指向할 뿐이다. 그러나 위대한 예술가는 ‘化’의 경계에 있다고 한다. 즉, 模·臨·倣을 통한 후천에 의한 熟, 천부적인 性靈과 格調를 ‘化’ 境界의 조건으로 본다. 본고는 ‘化’의 경계에 있는 서예가로 근대와 현대를 대표하는 서예가로 추사 김정희(1786∼1856, 이하 ‘추사’)와 현대의 서예가인 강암 송성용(1913∼1999, 이차‘강암’)을 예로 들었다. 특히 그들의 <부작난도>를 통하여 化’ 境界를 심미하여 보았다. 심미능력은 審美의 主觀性을 전제로 하고 있다. 추사와 강암의 <부작난도>가 ‘화’의 경계를 형성하였음은 화제에 나타난 예술철학적인 요소 뿐 아니라 문인화 미학을 심미적인 측면에서도 확인하여 볼 수 있다. 화제에 나타난 예술철학적인 관점에서는 첫째 性中天과 不二禪의 유·불의 혼융요소가 있다. 즉, 성중천과 불이선의 유가미학과 불가미학의 공존과 융화가 동양예술이 구현하는 ‘化’로 보았다. 둘째로 閉門覓覓과 偶然寫出은 積工的인 예술활동의 요소로 熟이 있다. 또한 문인화 미학적인 관점에서는 추사 <부작난도>의 미감이 文字香的古拙美感 이라면, 강암의 <부작난도>는 破中和에 의한 狂逸美感으로 심미된다. 추사의 문자향적 고졸미감과 강암의 脫中和, 破中和的인 狂逸의 미감은 ‘化’의 경지의 顯示이다. 동양예술에서 ‘化’의 경계는 동양 예술이 근본적으로 추구하는 憧憬의 길이다. 추사와 강암은 <부작난도>를 통하여 문자향적 고졸미감과 파중화의 광일미감으로 발화시켜 個性과 自己眞情을 보여 주었다. 추사와 강암의 <부작난도>는 시대의 간극을 넘어 서예로써 자신의 경계를 개척함으로 서예술의 ‘化’ 境界의 단면을 보여주었다. Eastern art has been mostly based on Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. It is elementally different from western art because eastern art is based on the nature. And it is characteristic that the eastern art becomes more riped through imitating and hard working. Especially, caligraphy, the essence of eastern art, is that case. Depending on the art’s individuality and taste, it is expressed with being unskillful, purity, passion, or deviation. So an artist can experience self-amusement when he creates his own artistic world. Usually an art help a man to experience a beauty of things and all kind of thoughts in everyday life. A man experiences various beauty, is observed in the beauty, and accumulates sense of beauty. In that process a man can have his own eye for the beautiful. Every art pursues unseen metaphysical finality and attempts pleasure. But it is hard to be seen the final destination. This study considered the borderline of ‘wha’ that is the final destination of metaphysical aesthetics based on Chusa’s and Gangam’s “Busaknando” However it is impossible that the borderline of ‘wha’ is realized. So we only try to reach its borderline. But some artist can be said that he is in the borderline of “wha”, because he sticks to his own art all his lifetime. However to be in the borderline, he should be riped with imitating and hard working, This paper studied the borderline of ‘wha’ in eastern art with the“bujaknando” of Chusa Kim, jung-hee(1786∼1856,) and Gangam Song, sung-yong(1913∼1999). The ability of judging beauty is premised on the subjectivity of aesthetic appreciation. If you trace their artistic life, you can realize that the “bujaknando” reached being riped by imitating and hard working. And not only the paintings but also the philosophical elements in the poetic expression of the painting show that they built the borderlin of ‘wha’. First, there are some philosophical elements of fusion both of confucianism and buddhist, 性中天and 不二禪. In other words, coexistence and fusion of both confucian aesthetics and buddhistic aesthetics can be ‘wha’ that the eastern art pursues. second, 閉門覓覓and 偶然寫出are the components of artistic activity, being riped. Therefore the poetic expression of “busaknando” has basic components of artistic philosophy that forms artistic activity. And the two “busaknado” are quite different in the sense of aesthetics although the poetic expression of the paintings is the same. This means the various ways of judging the beautiful because they have different characteristics respectively. Chusa’s “busaknando” shows scholastic unskillfulness, while Gangam’s represents passionate aesthetic scene that breaks harmony. All of them could be possible by hardworking and being riped. So you can realize that these senses pursue ‘wha’ and show the characteristics of the eastern art. The borderline of ‘wha’ is the longing of eastern art that it pursues basically. Chusa and Gangam showed their own characteristics and truth with “busaknando” in that they developed scholastic unskillfulness and passionate aesthetic scene that breaks harmony. This can be an aesthetic sense of caligraphy beyond times.

원예요법이 병동형 호스피스환자의 우울과 스트레스에 미치는 효과

권윤희(Kwon, Yun-Hee),송미옥(Song, Mi-Ok),김정남(Kim, Chung-Nam) 한국산학기술학회 2011 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.12 No.10

본 연구는 원예요법이 병동형 호스피스환자의 우울과 스트레스에 미치는 효과를 검증하기 위한 것이다. 본 연구의 자료는 2009년 4월 29일부터 7월 26일까지 D시의 D병원에 입원된 호스피스 환자를 대상으로 실험군 30명, 대 조군 30명을 각각 선정하여 수집하였다. 본 연구에서 실험처치인 원예요법 프로그램은 실내․외 원예활동으로 구성되 었으며, 주 6회 3주간 매일 30분씩 제공하였다. 연구결과는 우울과 혈청 코티졸 검사를 통한 스트레스를 측정하였다. 원예요법 프로그램 실시 후 실험군과 대조군의 우울 변화에서 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 원예요법 프로그램 실시 후 실험군과 대조군의 스트레스 차이를 검증하기 위해 혈청 코티졸에서 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로, 원예요법은 호스피스환자의 우울과 스트레스에 긍정적 효과가 있는 완화적 중재로 사료된다. The study was done to examine the effects of horticulture therapy on depression and stress in patient of hospice unit. The subjects of this study were hospice patient in D hospital in D city, thirty hospice patient were assigned to experimental group, thirty hospice patient were assigned to control group. Data were collected from April 29, 2009 to July 26, 2009. Horticulture therapy program consisted of indoor and outdoor horticultural activities. The horticulture therapy was conducted 30 minutes, 6 times a week for 3 weeks (a total 18 times). Measures were depression, and stress by serum cortisol count. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test and t-test with SPSS/WIN 17.0 version. The results of this study was patients in the experimental group receiving Horticulture therapy had a significant difference in changes of depression between the experimental group and control group. The study results indicate that horticulture therapy is an effective, palliative intervention program to improve the depression and stress of hospice patients.

MBTI(Myers-Briggs Type Indicator)활용 소집단 협력 학습 프로그램이 간호대학생의 대인관계와 진로정체감에 미치는 효과

권윤희(Kwon, Yun-Hee),곽오계(Kwag, Oh-Gye) 한국산학기술학회 2010 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.11 No.11

본 연구는 MBTI활용 소집단 협력 학습 프로그램이 간호대학생의 대인관계와 진로정체감에 미치는 효과를 파악하고자 시도되었다. 학습 프로그램과 연구 참여에 동의한 T대학 간호과 2학년을 대상으로 실험군 30명, 대조군 30명으로 단순무선 배치를 하였으며, 실험군에게는 15주 30시간 MBTI활용 소집단 협력 학습 프로그램을 적용하였 다. 연구도구는 MBTI 검사, 대인관계, 진로정체감 측정도구를 이용하였으며, 자료분석은 SPSS Win 17.0 프로그램 을 이용하여 chi-square test, t-test로 검증하였다. 연구 결과 MBTI활용 소집단 협력 학습 프로그램에 참여한 간호대 학생은 참여하지 않은 간호대학생보다 대인관계와 진로정체감이 긍정적으로 변화하였다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of small group collaboration learning program through MBTI on interpersonal relationship and career identity of nursing college students. 30 experimental group and 30 control group, nursing students were randomly assigned 2nd grade nursing students were selected from nursing program of T university in Daegu, Korea. The 30 experimental group students received small group collaboration learning program through MBTI for 30 hours(2 times in a week for 15 weeks). Measures were MBTI test, interpersonal relationships and career identity scale. The data were analyzed with SPSS Win 17.0 program, chi-square test, t-test. The experimental group which received small group collaboration learning program through MBTI will have a higher level of interpersonal relationships and career identity change score than the control group.