Fingerprinting of Diverse Genomes Using PCR with Universal Rice Primers Generated from Repetitive Sequence of Korean Weedy Rice

강희완,박동석,고승주,은무영 한국분자세포생물학회 2002 Molecules and cells Vol.13 No.2

Twenty primers of 20 mer referred to universal riceprimer (URP) were developed from a repetitive sequenceof rice genome. URP-PCR protocol employedstringent PCR with high annealing temperaturethroughout the thermo-cycling reaction, giving highreproducibility. Under the PCR condition, each singleURP primer produced characteristic fingerprints fromdiverse genomes containing 14 plants, 7 animals and 6microbes, indicating its universal applicability. Thegenerality of URP-PCR was demonstrated by applyingit to 15 cultivars from five rice species, 23 isolates infour Alternaria species producing host-specific toxinson different host plants and 12 bacterial strainsincluding Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., andBlucella abortus. PCR approach using URP primerswill be useful for studying DNA diversity of mosteukaryotic or prokaryotic genomes, especially at interandintraspecies levels.

고추 탄저병균(炭疽病菌) Colletotrichum dematium의 기주범위(寄主範圍) 및 대사독소(代謝毒素)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

강희완,유승헌,박종성,Kang, Hi Wang,Yu, Seung Hun,Park, Jong Seong 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1987 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.14 No.1

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 고추탄저병균(炭疽病菌) Colletotrichum dematium의 병원성(病原性)과 기주범위(寄主範圍)를 조사(調査)하고 배양여액(培養濾液)의 식물독성(植物毒性) 및 국부적(局部的)으로 순화(純化)된 독소(毒素)의 생물활성(生物活性)을 조사(調査)하기 위하여 실시(實施)하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 고추탄저병균(炭疽病菌) Colletotrichum dematium의 기주범위(寄主範圍)를 조사(調査)하였던 바 고추뿐만 아니라 대두, 토마토, 시금치, 근대에서 고도(高度)의 감수성(感受性)이 나타났으며, 가지, 수박에서는 중도감수성(中度感受性)이, 파에서는 약(弱)한 감수성(感受性)을 보였으나, 당근, 담배, 오이, 참외에는 전혀 병징(病徵)이 형성(形成)되지 않았다. 이병(罹病) 식물체(植物體)의 병징(病徵)은 흑색반점(黑色斑點), 갈색반점(褐色斑點), 위조(萎凋) 및 잎맥괴사(壞死) 등 다양하게 형성(形成)되었다. 2. 고추탄저병균(炭疽病菌) Colletotrichum dematium의 액체(液體) 배양중(培養中)에 고추 잎에 괴사(壞死) 및 위조증상(萎凋症狀)을 나타내는 독소(毒素)를 생성(生成)함을 알 수 있었다. 배지중(培地中)에 독소생성(毒素生成)은 배양개시(培養開始) 15 일후(日後)에 최대(最大)를 나타냈으며, 진탕배양에 비하여 정치배양(靜置培養)에서 증가(增加)하였다. 3. 배양려액중(培養濾液中)의 독소성분(毒素成分)을 Acetone 침강법(浸降法)으로 분리(分離)하여 국부적(局部的)으로 순화(純化)된 독소(毒素)를 얻었으며 이 독소(毒素)의 Shoot cutting bioassay 법(法)에 의한 고추품종(品種)의 감수성(感受性)은 병원균(病原菌) 접종(接種)에 의한 이병성(罹病性)의 품종간(品種間) 차이(差異)와 일치(一致)하지 않았고, 저항성(抵抗性) 품종(品種)에서도 감수성(感受性) 품종(品種)에서와 비슷한 직물독성(直物毒性)을 나타내었다. 4. Acetone 침강독소(浸降毒素)의 고추 이외의 식물(植物)에 대(對)한 반응(反應)을 조사(調査)하였던 바, 콩(대두(大豆)), 토마토, 당근에서도 잎맥괴사(壞死), 반점(斑點), 위조(萎凋) 등(等)의 독성(毒性)이 나타났다. 5. Acetone 침강독소(浸降毒素)는 고추를 비롯한 오이, 참깨 및 가지 종자(種子)의 발아시(發芽時)에 영향(影響)을 주어 유근(幼根) 및 하배축(下胚軸)의 신장억제(伸長抑制)를 초래하였다. This studies were conducted to investigate pathgenicity and host range of Colletotrichum dematium isolated from anthracnose of pepper, and phytoxicity of its culture filtrate and the partially purified toxin. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Investigation on the host range of C. dematium has revealed that pepper as well as soybean, tomato, spinach, and beet were highly susceptible, egg plant and water melon were moderately susceptible and stone leek was slightly suceptible, but no symptoms were produced on carrot, tabacco, cucumber and melon. 2. The culture filtrates of C. dematium in Czapeck dox liquid media were toxic to leaves of pepper and caused necrosis and wilting of the plant. The toxicity of culture filtrates was most active at 15 days after fungal growth in Czapeck dox liquid media and the toxin productivity in still culture was higher than that in shaking culture. 3. The partially purified toxic substance was isolated from the culture filtrates by the acetone precipitation method. When cuttings of various pepper cultivars were placed in the toxin solutions, suceptible cultivars and resistant cultivars were equally toxic and showed necrosis and wilting of the leaves. 4. Several other plants such as soybean, tomato and carrot were also affected with the toxin solution by shoot cutting bioassay and showed veinal necrosis, leaf spots and wilting of the shoots. 5. The acetone precipitation toxin affected seed germination of pepper, cucumber, sesame and egg plant and inhibited the growth of root and hypocotyl of the seedlings.

Analysis of Genetic Relatedness in Alternaria species Producing Host Specific Toxins by PCR Polymorphism

강희완,이병련,SeungHunYu 한국식물병리학회 2003 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.19 No.5

Twenty universal rice primers (URPs) were used to detect PCR polymorphisms in 25 isolates of six different Alternaria species producing host specific toxins (HST). Eight URPs could be used to reveal PCR polymorphisms of Alternaria isolates at the intra- and inter-species levels. Specific URP-PCR polymorphic bands that are different from those of the other Alternaria spp. were observed on A. gaisen and A. longipes isolates. Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis using 94 URP polymorphic bands revealed three clustered groups (A. gaisen group, A. mali complex group, and A. logipes group).

상황버섯, Phellinus linteus 계통과 Phellinus baumii 의 항 혈소판 응집 효과

강희완,이만휘,여운형 한국버섯학회 2017 한국버섯학회지 Vol.15 No.3

The fruiting bodies of Sanghwang mushrooms, Phellinus linteus HN1009K (PLH) and Phellinus linteus (Korea Sanghwang, PLK), and Phellinus baumii (Jangsu Sangwhang, PB), were extracted with 70% methanol. The methanolic extracts of different concentrations (5–200 μg/ml) showed inhibitory effects of 20–95% on plated aggregation induced by collagen (2.5 ug/ml), ADP (10 uM), and thrombin (0.1 U/ml). The PLH, PLK, and PB extracts (200 ug/ml) reduced ATP release from ADP-activated platelets by 50¬60%. These results suggest that the methanolic extracts from Sanghwang mushrooms inhibit platelet aggregation.

버섯 수확 후 배지의 산업적 이용

강희완 한국버섯학회 2016 버섯 Vol.20 No.2

In Korea, the production of edible mushrooms was estimated to be 614,224 ton a year. In addition, yield of L. edodes (Shiitake mushroom) was estimated to be about 37,000 ton a year. The shiitake mushroom (Phyogo mushroom in Korea) has mainly been cultivated on tree logs. However, recently, bag cultivation using sawdust is rapidly increasing yearly due to its high yield and easily process and currently, the sawdust cultivation of Phyogo mushroom is approaching to almost 50% of the cultivation in Korea. The mushroom growers faced on disposal problem of the SMS and required the available measures to recycle it without environmental hazard. Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is the post-harvest substrate and retains a variety of bioactive substances such as extracellular enzymes, antibiotics, secondary metabolites and carbohydrates produced during mycelium and fruiting body formation. Approximately, 5 kg of mushroom substrate are needed to produce 1 kg of mushroom, and consequently about 25 million tons of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is produced each year in Korea. Because this massive amount of SMS is unsuitable for reuse in mushroom production, it is either used as garden fertilizer or deposited in landfills, which pollutes the environment. SMS can also be considered as an easily available source of active compounds to protect plants from fungal and bacterial infections, helping alleviate the waste disposal problem in the mushroom industry and creating an eco- friendly method to reduce plant pathogens. We describe extraction of lignocellulytic enzymes and antibacterial substance from SMSs of different edible mushrooms and their potential applications.

신규 목질진흙버섯 (Phellinus linteus KACC 93057P) ‘한경’의 균학적, 약리활성 및 재배적 특성

강희완 한국버섯학회 2015 버섯 Vol.19 No.1

신규 목질진흙버섯 (Phellinus linteus KACC 93057P) ‘한경’의 균학적, 약리활성 및 재배적 특성

강희완 한국버섯학회 2015 버섯 Vol.19 No.2

버섯 수확 후 배지의 산업적 활용

강희완 한국버섯학회 2019 한국버섯학회지 Vol.17 No.3

Over a million tons of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) are generated as by-products of mushroom cultivation every year in Korea. Disposal of SMS by mushroom farmers is difficult, therefore, recycling solutions that do not harm the environment are necessary. SMS consists of mushroom mycelia and residues of fruiting bodies, containing a variety of bioactive substances, such as extracellular enzymes, antimicrobial compounds, and secondary metabolites. This paper reviews utility of SMS for bioremediation, controlling plant disease, and production of lignocellulytic enzymes, organic fertilizer, and animal feed.

고추 炭疽病菌 Colletotrichum dematium의 寄主範圍 및 代謝毒素에 關한 硏究

姜熙玩,劉勝憲,朴種聲 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1987 農業技術硏究報告 Vol.14 No.1

This studies were conducted to investigate pathgenicity and host range of Colletotrichum dematium isolated from anthracnose of pepper, and phytoxicity of its culture filtrate and the partially purified toxin. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Investigation on the host range of C. dematium has revealed that pepper as well as soybean, tomato. spinach, and beet were highly susceptible, egg plant and water melon were moderately susceptible and stone leek was slightly suceptible, but no symptoms were produced on carrot, tabacco, cucumber and melon. 2. The culture filtrates of C. dematium in Czapeck dox liquid media were toxic to leaves of pepper and caused necrosis and wilting of the plant. The toxicity of culture filtrates was most active at 15 days after fungal growth in Czapeck dox liquid media and the toxin productivity in still culture was higher than that in shaking culture. 3. The partially purified toxic substance was isolated from the culture filtrates by the acetone precipitation method. When cuttings of various pepper cultivars were placed in the toxin solutions, suceptible cultivars and resistant cultivars were equally toxic and showed necrosis and wilting of the leaves. 4. Several other plants such as soybean, tomato and carrot were also affected with the toxin solution by shoot cutting bioassay and showed veinal necrosis, leaf spots and wilting of the shoots. 5. The acetone precipitation toxin affected seed germination of pepper, cucumber, sesame and egg plant and inhibited the growth of root and hypocotyl of the seedlings.

벼 흰잎마름병균(Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae)의 병원성 유전자의 분자유전학적 연구현황 및 비교유전체 분석

강희완,박영진,이병무,Kang, Hee-Wan,Park, Young-Jin,Lee, Byeong-Moo 한국미생물학회 2008 미생물학회지 Vol.44 No.1

본 논문은 벼 흰 잎마름병균인 Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae(Xoo)의 병원성 유전자의 분자유전학적 연구현황을 기술하고자 한다. 또한 국내 고유 벼 흰 잎마름병균 KACC10331의 유전체해독 정보를 기반으로 다른 Xanthomonas의 유전체와 비교 분석함으로써, Xoo의 주요 병원성 유전자의 분자구조를 구명하고자 한다. 이를 통해 Xoo 고유 병원성 유전자 탐색 및 기능 해석을 위한 기초자료를 제공하는데 목적이 있다. Xoo 유전체에는 5개 과(family)에 속하는 9 type의 Insertion sequence(IS)가 611 copy로 존재하고 있으며, 주로 병원성 관련 유전자군 주위에 많이 분포하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 현재까지 연구가 수행된 주요 병원성 관련 유전자인 hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (hrp) 유전자, extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) 유전자, extracellular enzyme 유전자, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) 유전자, 그리고 avilulence 유전자의 분자유전학적 연구현황을 기술하였다. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is the causal agent of bacterial blight on rice. In this paper, current status on molecular genetic study of major virulence genes, hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (hrp), productions of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS), extracellular enzymes and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), avr genes were reviewed. The IS elements with 611 copies including 133 ORF IS were inserted in various regions of the Xoo genome and in expecially regions franking virulence genes. Whole genome sequence of X. oryzae pv. oryzae KACC10331 were used for defining genetic organization of the virulence genes. Futhermore, the virulence genes in Xoo genome were compared to those of other Xanthomonas species in Blast GenBank data base.