십이지장 평활근 육종 1예

김정완,김우중,이경용,임규성,최종도,조근태 대한소화기내시경학회 1988 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.8 No.2

Malignant growth of the small bowel accounts for approximately 1 to 3 percent of malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Leiomyosarcomas are the second most common primary tumor of the small bowel, their frequency being one-third to one-half of adenocarcinoma. The common clinical symptoms of leiomyosarcoma of the small intestine are hemorrhage and abdominal pain. Accurate diagnosis cannot be based on solely on the roentgenographic finding, although in certain situations the dignosis of leiomyosarcoma may be suggested strongly. We report a case of bleeding leiomyosarcoma located in the second portion of the duodenum which was first recognized by endoscopic examination and confirmed by explolaparotomy.

재정보전금의 운영에 대한 연구

김정완 경기연구원 2005 경기논단 Vol.7 No.4

Local Compensatory Grant is a representative local grant given to cities and counties by provinces. And it was introduced by changing the previous Sharing Grant of Province Tax Revenue that had had the several problems including the regressive distribution among regions and surplus compensatory grant for the cost of collecting province tax. Local Compensatory Grant is divided into three categories: General Local Compensatory Grant, Local Compensatory Grant for Special Project, and Special Local Compensatory Grant. Among them General Local Compensatory Grant is typical grant. It is being distributed on the bases of the size of population and the amount of collecting province tax by each city and county. Two bases are relatively favorable for the cities and counties which have sizable population and plenty tax resources. Such cites and counties are basically richer and competitive. As a result, distribution of General Local Compensatory Grant based on such two bases brings about more regressiveness than the previous Sharing Grant of Province Tax Revenue. Thus now General Local Compensatory Grant is needed to establish new distribution bases which can fit with its role and status as a representative local grant managed in the level of inter-local-governments. Efficiency which means making up for the defects of the central grant, demand which aims at carrying out specific regional projects, and equity which is related with horizontal balance among the cities and counties can be proposed as new distribution bases of General Local Compensatory Grant.

시도별 지역생산의 역외 유출입에 따른 재정보전 방안

김정완 경인행정학회 2006 경인행정학회 학술대회 Vol.2006 No.1

저작권법상 온라인서비스제공자의 책임 제한

김정완 전남대학교 법학연구소 2013 법학논총 Vol.33 No.2

Although it has been long discussed that the OSP(Online Service Provider)s areentitled to specific legal duties and so they, as well as the infringers themselves,shall be entitled to legal responsibilities when violating the duties, under the priorlegal framework the scope of indemnification of OSP was unclear. Thus it seems like that Korean courts have adopted the ‘aider’ liability theoryoriginally developed in online copyright infringement cases as the generalprinciple about a service provider’s secondary liability for all kinds of infringementon the internet. This liability is much heavier than that of OSP under the US DigitalMillennium Copyright Act’s Safe Harbor Rule (§512) and the common laws becauseunder the Korean Supreme Court’s holdings the OSP should be responsible for allthe infringing cases even without the knowledge of the infringement action, theplace, the object and the infringer’s identity. Moreover it is liable for its negligence. However both the amendment of Copyright Law for implementing pledgesagrees in the Korea-U.S FTA(Free Trade Agreement) and Korea-EU FTA madeimportant changes. For example, the exemption scope of OSP has been specifiedto a much more detailed extent, and with OSP being awarded impunity accordingto whether or not they meet the necessary criteria, hopefully it will be possible toresolve the majority of issues related to the liability for OSP. The new Korean Copyright Law was definitely heavily affected by DMCA in theUS. A generous portion of enactments are reasonable, but some provisions like thenotice and take-down scheme are giving the chilling effect to Users and restrainingthe communication of the information through online. In conclusion, the continuing amendment of Copyright Law have to go finding the balance Users and Owners through seeking an appropriate OSP‘s liability. 온라인서비스 이용자들의 저작물등의 불법적인 복제·전송으로 인한 권리침해를방지하거나 차단하기 위해 침해자인 복제·전송자에게 직접책임을 묻는다는 것이 한계가 있어 온라인서비스제공자에게 일정한 법적 의무를 부여하고 이를 위반하여 침해가 발생하는 경우 직접침해자와 함께 민·형사상의 책임을 물어야 한다는 논의가종전부터 진행되어 왔었고 법원에서도 이를 인정하는 추세이다. 종전 저작권법에서는 온라인서비스제공자의 책임에 관한 규정이 일률적 입장을취함으로써 그 면책범위가 불분명하다는 지적을 받아 왔으나, 최근 한·유럽 FTA 및한·미 FTA가 체결됨으로써 그 이행을 위한 두 차례에 걸친 저작권법 개정을 통해 온라인서비스제공자를 네 가지 유형으로 구분하고 각 유형별 면책요건을 규정함으로써, 온라인서비스사업자에게 높은 예측가능성을 부여하여 사업을 안정적으로 운영할 수 있도록 하고 저작권 침해에 능동적으로 대응할 수 있도록 하였다는 점에서 그의의가 크다고 할 수 있다. 이제 남은 과제는 새롭게 신설된 규정의 해석 및 적용과 관련하여 향후 법원 입장의 추이가 그 관건이라고 보고 관심있게 지켜볼 일이다. 특히 최근 비중앙관리형 P2P와 같은 순수 P2P 기술은 기존의 간접책임 또는 공동불법행위의 법리로는 다루기 어렵다는 점에서 이를 무료로 제공한 사이트를 저작권법제2조 제30호 소정의 온라인서비스제공자로 볼 수 있는지, 구체적으로 어느 범위까지 저작권법상 온라인서비스제공자의 개념에 포함될 것인지는 향후 판례와 학설을통해 심도 있게 검토되어 그 기준이 마련되어야 할 것이다. 이런 모호하고 혼란한 상황 속에서는 비단 온라인서비스제공자에 대한 면책만으로는 문제를 해결할 수 없기때문이다.

검색사이트에 관한 저작권법상의 고찰

김정완 전남대학교 법학연구소 2011 법학논총 Vol.31 No.2

인터넷 검색엔진은 캐시파일의 생성ㆍ표시기능을 갖추고 있으며, 이를 통해 웹페이지를 캐시서버에 저장하고, 이를 웹상에 캐시페이지로서 표시하고 있다. 저작권법의 관점에서 보면 그 웹페이지에 저작물이 업로드되어 있을 경우 캐시페이지의 생성 및 표시가 웹페이지 저작권자의 허락 없이 행해지고 있다는 점에서 이 행위가 저작권자의 복제권 및 공중송신권을 침해하는지가 문제된다. 그러나 실무적 측면에서는 이용자들이 인터넷을 효율적으로 활용하기 위해서는 검색사이트의 존재가 불가결하지만, 캐싱이나 검색결과표시의 경우에 일일이 저작권자의 승낙을 요한다고 한다면 광범위한 웹페이지 처리가 사실상 불가능하게 되어 검색사이트의 기능이 현저히 저하될 것이다. 현행 저작권법상으로는 캐싱 등을 허용하는 명문의 규정은 없다는 점에서 이에 관한 취급은 법해석에 맡겨져 있는 셈이다. 이 논문에서는 입법론을 염두에 두면서 검색사이트를 둘러싼 저작권법상의 주요 쟁점에 관한 가능한 해결방안을 모색하였다. 먼저 미국의 Field v. Google, Inc., 412 F. Supp. 2d 1106(D. Nev. 2006)을 중심으로 검색사이트에 관한 미국판례의 동향과 그 적용관계를 살펴보았다. 나아가 우리나라 저작권법하에서는 검색사이트에 관해 어떻게 해석해야 하는지를 검토하였다. 첫째, 저작권침해와 관련하여, 한ㆍ미간에는 저작권책임법리와 저작재산권 제한 규정에 있어서 엄연한 차이가 존재한다는 점을 간과해서는 안된다. 둘째, 검색사이트의 직접침해와 관련하여, 검색사이트는 직접침해에 해당하지 않으며, 고의ㆍ과실을 묻지 않고 손해배상책임을 부담하지 않는다. 그러나 검색사이트 운영자가 저작권자로부터 경고 등을 통해 침해를 인식한 경우에는 즉시 침해정지를 위한 일정한 조치를 취해야 한다. 세째, 침해주장에 대한 항변사유로서 묵시적 승낙의 법리와 관련해서는, Default Rule을 적용하여 저작권자가 표준프로토콜에 따른 의사표시를 하지 않는 한, 검색사이트의 캐싱표시에 대해 묵시적으로 승낙한 것으로 간주해야 한다. 넷째, 검색사이트에 관해서도 전통적인 인용(제28조)에 관한 판단기준(명료구별성과 부종성) 대신에 법조문 문언에 충실하게 입각한 판단기준(‘인용목적’, ‘정당범위적 합성’, ‘공정관행합치성’)을 적용하는 것이 바람직하다. 다섯째, 검색사이트에 있어서는 저작인격권도 함께 검토되어야 한다. Web search engines have the capabilities and functions through which cache files are created and disclosed. They copy the web pages to their cache servers and display these as cached pages on the web (the “cache function”). From the view of the copyrights law, there emerges an issue as to whether such functions infringe upon the original copyright holders’ right to copy and the right to transmit, if the web pages subject to such creation and display functions contain copyrighted materials. It is critically for the users to access such search engines in order to meaningfully use the Internet. At the same time, however, if such displays of the search results or the cached files individually require the consent of each copyright holder, then it would be impossible to process massive web pages, which in turn may reduce the functionality of such search engines. Our current copyrights law has no explicit provisions on the permission of cache files, and therefore, such uses are subject to judicial interpretations. This paper explorers possible solutions on the copyright issues surrounding search engines, while taking into consideration possible legislative issues. First, it reviews the trend of the courts in the U.S.A., specifically focusing on Field v. Google, Inc., 412 F. Supp. 2d 1106(D. Nev. 2006). Moreover, it also considers how such issues shall be interpreted under the Korean Copyrights Law. First of all, we need to recognize the clear discrepancy between Korea and the U.S.A. in terms of the liability theory on copyrights and the limitations on copyrights. Second, with respect to the direct infringements by search engines, search engines are excepted from direct infringements and are not liable for damages regardless of intents or negligence on their part. However, once the operator of a search engine is notified of infringement by warning or other menas by the holder, he or she is required to implement certain measures to stop the infringement.)Third, with respect to the theory of implied license, an affirmative defense to a claim of infringement, unless the holder represents his or her intent in accordance with the stadard protocol, it shall be presumed that there has been am implied license. Fourth, it is more desirable to apply the legal standard based on the expressions in the statute (“purpose of quotation,” “compatible with fair practice,” and “to the extent justified by the purpose,” rather than applying the traditional quotation standard under section 28 (“the clearness and distinctness” and “the subordinate relationship” standard). Finally, when one considers issues regarding cearch engines, the issue of the moral right of the author shall be reviewed as well.

구강편평상피세포암에서 Microsatellite 부의 게놈의 불안정성과 암억제유전자의 변화

김정완 경북대학교 생명공학연구소 1998 遺傳工學硏究所報 Vol.13 No.1

N/A

방광이행상피세포암에서 p53유전자의 변화

김법완,권태균,노기석,정성광,장세국,정운복,김정완 경북대학교 병원 1997 경북대학교병원의학연구소논문집 Vol.1 No.1

The objective of this study was to characterise the pattern of p53 mutations in bladder turmor. In this study, 25 bladder transitional cell carcinomas were analyed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for p53 nuclear overexpression, and the results were compared with those of polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis in exon 5-8 of the p53 gene and DNA sequencing analysis. 15 out of 20 cases (75%) showed p53 nuclear immunoreactivities on IHC. On PCR-SSCP analysis, 10 out of 25 cases(40%) had abnormal shifts on mobility. 62% of the mutations were in exon 8. Direct DNA sequencing analysis were performed in these 10 cases to confirm the presence of mutated p53 genes and to determine the type of mutations. Sixteen point mutations were detected in 10 cases. Tow specimens had double mutations and another two had triple mutations. G:C→A:T transitions were the most frequent patterns (62.5%). One mutation was a premature stop codon and two were silent mutations. There out of 10 had a point mutation at codon 285 (GAG/Glu→AAG/Lys) and two had at codon 280(GAG/Glu→AAG/Lys). One of 16 mutations was transition at hot spot codon 273 with CpG site. These results suggest that altered expressions and point mutations of p53 occured in all grade of bladder cancer, but are more associated with hight grade bladder tumors. To elucidate the carcinogenesis of bladder cancer, further studies should be carried out.

도시와 농촌거주 노인의 인지기능 비교 : 예비연구

김정완,강연욱,윤지혜 한국디지털정책학회 2017 디지털융복합연구 Vol.15 No.4

차량주행안내시스템을 이용에 따른 운전자 노선선택 행태분석

김정완 대한교통학회 1998 대한교통학회 학술대회지 Vol.34 No.-

본 연구의 목적은 차량주행안내시스템(CNS)이 최단거리 통행노선을 제공하였을 때 운전자 노선선택 행태를 분석하는데 있다. 본 연구에서 통행목적 및 운전자 특성에 따른 운전자의 노선선택 행태를 도출한 결과, 쇼핑통행과 레저통행시 CNS에서 제공하는 노선을 선택을 하는 경우가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, CNS에서 최단거리 정보를 제공했을 경우는 운전자 특성에 따라 노선선택행태가 차이가 있으며 통행목적별로 노선선택에 영향을 미치는 운전자 특성이 달라지는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구의 분석을 통하여 통행목적 및 운전자 특성에 따른 운전자의 노선선택 행태를 도출해 운전자 특성과 통행특성에 따른 노선선택 행태를 반영한 통행배정모형을 구축할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

지역생산의 역외유출입에 따른 세원 조정방안: 부가가치세의 공동세원화

김정완 한국지방재정학회 2004 한국지방재정논집 Vol.9 No.2

The real regional economy is consisted of both regional growth and distribution. Nevertheless so far the regional distribution is thought to be naturally accompanied by regional growth. But as in Korea where the discrepancy between working place and living place is common, the mismatch between regional growth and distribution could be large. Actually such phenomenon is found. The value added as a result of regional economic activities influx and exflux among the regions. Commonly valued added flow into the Capital from local area in whole country, metropolitan from provincial area in the local level, and Seoul from surrounding area in Capital area. Consequently the inefficiency of resources distribution and the inequity of income redistribution among the regions. Thus a part(5%) of value-added tax, which is national tax on the value added which flows out and into other regions, needs to equally be redistributed to the regions which suffer from exflux of valued added in according to the exflux amount as a revenue sharing between central and local governments