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      • SSCISCIESCOPUSKCI등재

        임부의 공포와 개인 및 환경변인의 상오관계에 관한 연구

        정송 한국간호과학회 1974 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Vol.4 No.2

        Antenatal care is zoomed toward3 assisting the Individual to achieve safe and wholesome state of health during pregnancy. Nature of fear is assumed to be rooted to complex interaction between past experiences, human relationship and present state of health, however. specific relationship between fear and the variables have not yet been ascertained. This study is designed to investigate the nature of fear of pregnancy, and the correlation between fear and the personal and environmental variables such as personal characteristics past experiences. and psycho-social factors. During the period from October 23 to November 5, 215 pregnant and 104 non-pregnant women of similar chronological are group residing in Seoul were interviewed according to check-list by random General anxiety test, general personality test and test for fear of pregnancy, family according to specific variables such as past experiences of Pregnancy and childbirth, structure of family, family relationship and month of pregnancy was done to the group of pregnant women. To non-pregnant group, general anxiety test was performed to compare with pregnant group. Results of the study are as follows; 1. Hypothesis 1; Degree of general anxiety will be higher e pregnant women compared to that of non-pregnant women. There is no significant difference between the general anxiety of pregnant women and that of non-pregnant women. Therefore, hypothesis I is rejected. 2. Hypothesis 2: Fear of pregnancy and general anxiety will be correlated with personality factors. Through test for fear of pregnancy and general anxiety, a meager contra-correlation between fear and only two personal factors (R and E factor) is revealed but there is no significant correlation between fear and other personal factors (A.S. and T factor). Degree of fear of pregnancy tends to b: higher in the group with low personality factors; responsibility and emotional stability expect the correlation between ascendancy, sociability, and confidence-inferiority. non-significant. Through general anxiety test, level of general anxiety tends to be higher in the group. with low personality factors; responsibility. emotional stability, and confidence except ascendency and sociability, non-significant. Hypothesis 2 is partially supported. 3. Hypothesis 3; General anxiety and fear of pregnancy will be correlated with the past experience-ol pregnancy, and child-birth experience. Though general anxiety test and test for fear of pregnancy, non-significant difference is revealed by P〉.05 level Hypothesis 3 is rejected. 4. Hypothesis 4: General anxiety and fear of pregnancy will be correlated with the month at pregnancy will be correlated with the month of pregnancy. Through tests of general anxiety and fear, significant correlation is revealed degree of fear by-P〈.05 level (CR=1.98) and level of general anxiety by P〈.005 level (CR=3. 11) is higher in the earlier stage of pregnancy. Hypothesis 4 is supported. 5. Hypothesis 5, 6, 7; General anxiety and fear of pregnancy will be correlated with socio-economic status, family structure, and family relationship. Through general anxiety test and tear of pregnancy test, non-significant is revealed by P〉.05 level. Hypothesis 3.6.7 are rejected. Conclusion and recommendation Level of general: anxiety and degree of fear of pregnancy is shown not to be correlated with variables of past experiencers of pregnancy and child-birth. and family factors except the month of - pregnancy. Personal characteristics are shown to be partially contra-correlated meagerly with genera anxiety and fear of pregnancy. This study revealed contrasted results, in regard to presence of correlation between general anxiety and fear of pregnancy to other thesis. In this context. further studies under controlled environment is recommended.

      • KCI등재

        甘山寺 石造彌勒菩薩立像과 金志誠의 佛敎信仰

        정송 한국미술사교육학회 2019 美術史學 Vol.- No.38

        Stone Standing Maitreya Bodhisattva of Gamsansa Temple in Gyeongju has been at the center of researchers’ attention because of the inscription that provides enough clue to when it was made and who commissioned it. This paper is to focus on the fact that Nirmāna-buddha (化佛; buddha in human form) often carved on the crown of Maitreya Bodhisattva, the representative statue of Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva, and to understand the reason why it was made. In general, Nirmāna-buddha carved on the crown of Maitreya Bodhisattva is understood with Kwanmirukposal Sangsaengtosolch'onkyong Sutra (觀彌勒菩薩上 生兜率天經; The Sutra of Maitreya‘s Ascension), the representative scripture about Maitreya Bodhisattva. An anecdote from the Southern Dynasties on the creation of the Gwaneum Bodhisattva and the replacement of the Maitreya Bodhisattva statue shows that the statue of Maitreya Bodhisattva and the statue of Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva were considered interchangeable in many cases. From the phrase “Sipchil-jiji-beopmun (十七地之法門; seventeen states to buddhist priesthood)” written in the inscriptions that explain the background of creating the statue, it is assumed that Kim Ji-Sung, who commissioned the creation of the statue, would have believed in Yusik-sasang (唯識思想; Thought of Consciousness) as a Buddhist thought. Sipchil-jiji-beopmun is another name for Yugasa-jiron (瑜伽師地論; Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra; Discourse on the Stages of Concentration Practice), which is an important scripture of Yusik-sasang that Buddhist monk Hyeon-jang (玄奘) brought from India. It has been known that the scripture is about the lessons that Muchak (無着; Asańga) learned from Maitreya Bodhisattva while visiting the Tuṣita Heaven. From Daedang Seoyeokgi (大唐西域 記; The Record of Travels to Western Lands) and Dae–dang dae-Jaeunsa Samjang-beopsa Jeon (大唐大慈恩寺三藏法師傳; the biography of Buddhist monk Hyeon-jang) written by Hyeon-jang and his disciple, it is found out that Yusik believers worshiped Maitreya Bodhisattva. Particularly JaeunJeon contains a number of anecdotes about belief in Mireuk-Sinang (彌勒信仰; Maitreya faith). Based on the fact that Kim Ji-Sung had a comprehensive knowledge about Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism, and was the one who visited the Tang Dynasty as a Korean envoy to China in the Tang Dynasty, this paper is to trace back his Buddhist thought and footsteps and to understand the background of creating the statue of Maitreya Bodhisattva. 감산사 석조미륵보살입상은 상의 존명과 조성 시기뿐만 아니라 발원자에 대한 상세한 정보가 포함된 조상기를 동반한 8세기 초반의 대표적인 불교조각으로 다양한 연구분야에서 집중되어왔다. 본 논문에서는 감산사 보살상이 미륵보살임에도 불구하고 보관에 화불이 나타나고, 삼국시대 미륵보살상처럼 반가좌 형식이 아닌 입상 형식으로제작된 이유에 집중하여 고찰하였다. 미륵보살 보관에 화불이 나타나는 사례는 4세기 인도 불교미술에서부터 서역을 거쳐 초기 중국 불교미술까지 모두 찾아 볼 수 있다. 관음으로 제작하던 보살상을 미륵으로 고쳐 완성하였다는 남조시대의 일화는 보살상 간의 도상적 혼용을 허용하였던 고대사람들의 조성 경향을 보여준다. 이러한 분위기 속에서 감산사 석조미륵보살입상 역시도 도상적인 혼용을 나타난 사례로 보인다. 조상기에 기록된 ‘十七地之法門’을 통해서 발원자 김지성은 유식사상에 매우 심취했던 것을 알 수 있다. ‘십칠지지법문’은 瑜伽師地論의 다른 명칭으로 현장법사가인도에서 가져온 유식사상의 중요 경전이다. 유가사지론은 미륵보살의 가르침을 무착이 듣고 기록한 것으로 전하고 있다. 현장이 직접 저술한 대당서역기와 그의 제자가 기록한 대당대자은사삼장법사전에서 현장을 포함한 유식수행자들의 깊은 미륵신앙을 볼 수 있다. 특히 자은전의 극적인 서사들의 전개는 김지성과 같은 유식 수행자들에게 미륵보살에 대한 신앙심을 고취시키는데 어느 정도의 영향을 미쳤을 것이다. 발원자 김지성이 유교, 도교, 그리고 불교사상에 해박한 신라사회의 지식인이다. 신라 사신으로 당을 직접 방문하였던 그는 당의 문물을 접할 수 있었던 기회가 많았을것이다. 그리고 중국과 신라의 유식 승려들은 대부분 미륵보살을 신앙하는 일화들은문헌기록에서 찾을 수 있다. 이러한 사실들을 기반으로 이전 시기와는 다른 형태의 감산사 석조미륵보살입상이 조성될 수 있었던 배경을 분석한다.

      • KCI등재

        지역성을 기반으로 한 지역 경관색 연구

        정송이(Song Yi Jung),이명희(Myung Hee Lee) 한국디자인문화학회 2014 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.20 No.4

        우리나라는 부동산의 가치나 경제성 등의 이유로주택을 획일적으로 짓고 있다. 이러한 경향은 건축기술의 보편화 및 국제주의 건축에 의한 것으로 이를차별화 할 수 있는 가치로서 지역성의 중요성은 점점더 강조되고 있다. 특히 경관을 구성하는 요소 중 건축 외부의 색채는 지역성을 표현 할 수 있는 핵심적인 도구이면서 가장 문화적인 전략이다. 본 논문의 목적은 부산광역시 사하구 감천문화마을을 중심으로 지역성과 지역 경관색의 상호관계성을살펴보고, 지역성을 구현해 나가는 방법에 대한 시사점을 도출하고자 한다. 또한 지역이 가진 고유한 이미지와 정체성 보전을 위해 연구대상지 경관색의 특성을 분석하고 제시하는데 주요 목적을 두고 있다. 특히 감천2동 옥녀봉 등고선을 따라 줄지어 있는주택을 중심으로 지역경관 보전을 위한 지역성 분석과 색채조사를 진행하였다. 마을의 경관은 원근에 따라 색채 분포도를 알아보았으며, 지붕과 타일, 외벽색을 추출하여 색채현황을 분석하였다. 2차 조사는 도시재생과 공공미술 등 외부의 적극적인 간섭 이후의 색채경향을 건축물 외벽색을 통해 알아보았다. 이러한지역성의 특성과 풍토적 단서들을 참고하여 대상지의이미지를 도출하였고 주민의 색채의식을 알아보기 위한 설문을 실시하였다. 연구과정을 통해 얻어진 대상지의 특성은 대상지의자연 환경적 특성으로 인해 지역의 풍토와 문화에GY, B, BG계열의 색상이 넓게 분포되어 있으며, 지역주민 역시 GY, B계열 색상이 지역의 대표색이라여기고 있다. YR계열은 경관을 화려하고 다채롭게 하는 색상으로 다양한 도시재생 사업이 투입된 이후 이러한 색상의 분포수가 눈에 띄게 급증하였다. 감천동이 다채로운 색상을 갖고 있으면서도 조화로운 이유는 주민들 사이에 주고받는 상호작용이 독자적인 색채문화를 형성하는 데 영향을 주고 있기 때문이다. 상부상조하는 공동체 의식과 다양한 커뮤니티는지역의 경관을 가꾸는 중요한 건축자원으로 인간과공간이 결합하여 지역성을 형성하는 매우 유동적인구성 인자가 될 수 있음을 알게 해준다. Houses have been built in a uniform way in Korea for enhanced value of real estate and economy. This trend has been influenced by generalization of construction technology and internationalistic construction, and lately the importance of regional characteristics is being more emphasized as a value of differentiation. In particular, among the factors which constitute landscape, outer colors of structures are an essential tool that can express the regionality, or regional characteristics, and the most cultural strategy. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between regionality and landscape colors of the region focusing on Gamcheon Cultural Village in Busan Metropolitan City, to draw out implications to realize regionality and to analyze and suggest characteristics of landscape color to preserve unique image and identity of a region. Especially, this study conducted analysis on regionality and survey on colors to preserve landscape of houses lining the contour of Oknyeo Peak in Gamcheon 2-dong. For the landscape of the village, color distribution was investigated in terms of distance and colors of roof, tiles and outer walls were extracted and analyzed. For 2nd research, color trend after active external intervention such as city restoration and public painting was investigated through outer colors of structures. Image of the subject location was drawn out by referring to characteristics of the region and clues of natural characteristics and questionnaire survey was conducted to examine color perceptions of the residents. As the result of this study, the characteristics of the subject location are that colors of GY, B and BG series are widely distributed in tradition and culture due to the natural and environmental characteristics and local residents also recognized that colors of GY and B series are the representing color of the region. Distribution of colors of YR series, which make landscape splendid and varied, has been conspicuously widened after the introduction of urban restoration projects. The reason why Gamcheon-dong at once has varied colors and is still harmonious is that interchange among residents has had positive effect on forming unique color culture, which demonstrates that sense of cooperation and variety of community are important resources in construction that constitute landscape and that combination of humans and space can become a fluid component in forming regionality.

      • KCI등재후보

        원인균이 동정된 세균성 안내염의 시력 예후

        정송,함돈일,Song Ee Chung,Don Il Ham 대한안과학회 2006 대한안과학회지 Vol.47 No.8

        Purpose: To evaluate the factors contributing to the visual outcome of patients with culture-proven bacterial endophthalmitis. Methods: We reviewed medical records of all eyes with infectious endophthalmitis between January 1996 and June 2005. The causative bacteria were identified in 18 of 90 eyes, for which we evaluated their clinical features and factors influencing their visual prognosis. Results: Bacterial endophthalmitis occurred after cataract surgery in 6 of 18 eyes, after trabeculectomy or glaucoma implant surgery in 4 eyes, after trauma in 3 eyes, after intravitreal triamcinolone injection in 1 eye, and after endogenous endophthalmitis in 4 eyes. The culture results were similar between gram positive and gram negative organisms. Final vision was 0.1 or better in 6 of the 18 eyes. Final visual acuities showed statistically significant correlation with causative organisms (p=0.018). Conclusions: For effective management of bacterial endophthalmitis and prediction of prognosis, we recommend thorough bacterial culture. Also, further investigation with a large population is needed.

      • KCI등재

        재판과정의 법정 행위자 성별과 성범죄 양형 : 강제추행 사건을 중심으로

        정송,박미랑 대한범죄학회 2020 한국범죄학 Vol.14 No.1

        The purpose of this study was to examine how gender of judges, attorney, and prosecutors affects sexual c rime sentenc ing as a court ac tor. To this end, among the sex c rime cases sentenced in the first trial from 2009 to 2013, the main courtroom players factors and the sex factors of the legal actors specified in the sentencing standards are used as the main independent variables. The length of sentence and the suspension of sentence determined were used as dependent variables. The main dependent variables were selected based on the previous researches that repeatedly confirmed the significance in sentencing result. In addition, this paper added the gender and training year of the judge, prosecutor, and attorney, and the type of attorney (private, public) were divided into the main factors of courtroom players. In addition, interaction effect of the sex of judges, prosecutors and lawyers was also examined. According to the results, whether or not planning was significant was a factor influencing the final sentence, and the factors of judicial actors were the influence of the judge’s training year(career) and the interaction between the female prosecutor and the female attorney to exert a significant influence on the forced punishment pattern. Did. At the stage of suspension of sentence decision it was confirmed that the sex of the courtroom players was not significant and that the attorney’s career) led to a significant difference. 본 연구는 법정행위자로서 법관, 변호인, 검사의 성별이 성범죄 양형에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 살펴보는 것을 주목적으로 하였다. 이를 위하여 2009년부터 2013년까지 1심 선고된 성범죄사건 중 강제추행 사건만을 대상으로 양형기준에서 명시하고 있는 주요 행위자 요인과 법정행위자의 성별 요인을 주요한 독립변수로 삼고 선고량과 집행유예 선고여부를 종속변수로 보았다. 기존의 선행연구에서 반복적으로 유의미성을 확인한 양형 인자와 집행유예 인자를 피고인 및 피해자요인으로, 법관, 검사, 변호인의 성별과 연수원 기수, 그리고 변호인의 유형(사선, 국선)을 주요한법조인 요인으로 구분하여 분석하였다. 추가적으로 법관과 검사, 변호인의 성별은 상호작용효과도함께 살펴보았다. 분석 결과에 따르면 최종 선고량에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 계획성 여부가 유의미하였고, 법정행위자 요인으로는 법관의 연수원 기수(경력)와 여성검사와 여성변호인의 상호작용이 강제추행 양형에 유의미한 영향력을 발휘하였다. 집행유예 선고 단계에서 법정행위자의 성별은 유의미하지 않았고 변호인의 연수원 기수(경력)가 유의미한 차이를 이끌었음을 확인하였다.

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