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      • Azidothymidine 복용후 Human Immunodeficiency Virus 감염자의 CD4+T 림프구수, β₂-Microglobulin 및 p24 항원 변화

        양자,신영오,김유겸,영걸 대한감염학회 1993 감염 Vol.25 No.3

        The effect of azidothymidine (AZT) in 48 HIV-infected patients taking AZT was evaluated by CD4+ T lymphocyte counts, serum β₂-microglobulin (β₂-MG), and p24 antigen levels. The results were also compared with the group without AZT. Annual decrease of CD4+ T lymphocyte counts was 70 cells/μL in group without AZT Tx and 38 cells/μL in group with AZT Tx. Response rate of CD4+ T lymphocyte counts to AZT Tx was 77% within 2 months, 68% within 2 to 6 months, 41% within 6 to 12 months and 31% within 12 to 24 months after AZT Tx. The level of B₂-MG dropped from 2.95±1.45㎎/L at 2.2 months before Tx to 2.87±0.9㎎/L at 2.4 months after Tx, and than increased to 3.05±1.11㎎/L at 7.4±4.4 months after AZT Tx. HIV p24 antigen was detected in 26(14.9%) of 174 persons with HIV infection. p24 antigen level tested within 2 months after AZT Tx decreases in 9(69%) of 13 patients receiving Tx. And p24 antigen level showed significant decrease from 11.2±11.2pg/㎖ to 5.6±3.2pg/㎖ at 1.8±0.8 months after AZT Tx (p<0.01) and then increase to 18.4±18.5pg/㎖ at 6.2±3.2 months after Tx(p<0.01). The data indicate that drug resistance to AZT gradually develops within one year after AZT Tx.

      • Shigella의 鷄胎感染에 關한 硏究

        趙陽子,徐仁銖 우석대학교 의과대학 1969 우석의대잡지 Vol.6 No.2

        The present study was initiated to extend observation of shigella virulence in the chick embryo and to evaluate: (ⅰ) the effect of route of inoculation and age of embryos on the virulence of shigella strains, (ⅱ) the effect of variation among shigella strains on their virulence for the chick embryo, which would permit comparisons of virulence based on LD_(50) determinations, (ⅲ) the lethal effect of endotoxin of shigella on the chick embryos, (ⅳ) the growth rates at the site of inoculation and other various sites on infected chick embryos, and (ⅴ) to obtain some observations which might relate to the shigella strains for chick embryos. The studies were carried out for virulence of representative shigella strain (Sh. dysenteriae 1, Sh. flexneri 4a, Sh. boydii 3, and Sh. sonnei 1) on 9-, 13-, and 15-day chick embryos by various route of inoculation with serial dilutions of viable and nonviable inocula (heat-killed cell, and cultural filtrates). The author observed that the susceptibility of younger embryos (9-day) decreased with increasing embryonic maturity(13-, 15-day), and 9-day old embryo is maximally susceptible regardless of the route of inoculation, but 15-day old embryos has shown susceptibility in both routes of intravenous and chorioallantoic membranes. These findings indicate that the route of inoculation appeared to be highly correlated with virulence for chick embryos. The growth curves of organisms inoculated allantoically showed maximal multiplication in allantoic fluid regardless of susceptibility. The lethal effect of representative shigella strain was shown to be most virulent by Sh. dysenteriae 1, and Sh. flexneri 4a, Sh. sonnei 1, and Sh. boydii 3 in order by inoculation of chorioallantoic membrane route. The endotoxin of Sh. dysenteriae 1 was destroyed completely by heating at 120℃ for 20 minutes. Taken together, these findings indicate that chick embryo may serve as a suitable host in which to measure virulence of shigella.

      • 임상재료에서 분리된 녹농균의 혈청형과 약제 감수성과의 관계

        양자,박광웅 대한미생물학회 1982 大韓微生物學會誌 Vol.17 No.1

        The correlation hetween the serotypes an8 sea.sitivity distribution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was studied w ith stoek itrains of departmeat, straias isolated from various clinical sources and strains of haspital environment of the yast two years. Two hundred and fi'fty seven strains wete typable and 38 strains were untypable out of 295 clinical sorces. Serotype B was aaoat prevalent (27.6%) followed by serotype G (24.9%), serotype E (23.3%) and serotype A (7.8%) ameng 257 typable strains. However, no serotype j,L and M were observed. Serotypie B,G,B aad A were isolated from pus, sputum, wound, burn site and urine. Seratypes E were most frequeatly isolated from hasal diecbarge aod serotypes K were isolated from pus. There were no apparent differences in sensitivity disttibution of streptomycin, carbenicillin and ampicillin between tbe clinical and The environmevtal origin. However, the strains of environmental origin were found to be relatively more susceptable to tetracycline, gentamicin and fradio- mycin than the strains of clinical sources in bigh concentration. Tbe strains of clinical sources of serotype B,G,E anl A showed different resistant patterns to all aotimicrobial agents except for carbenicillin. Serotype E showed the highest percentage resistance followed by serotype G.B and A.

      • 영유아설사증과 病原大腸菌에 關한 細菌學的 考察 : 特히 檢出菌의 生化學的, 血淸學的性狀, 抗生劑耐性値 및 毒性에 對하여

        趙陽子 고려대학교 의과대학 1964 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.1 No.2

        A bacteriological studies for Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli (E.P.E.C.) has been made of diarrhoeal childhood during a period of two years from 1961 to 1962. Pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli were isolated twenty three out of seven hundred and five cases. A higher incidensce of isolation was found in July, August and September. Twenty three cultures belong to groups 0111 : B 4, 026 : B 6, 086 : B 7, 0125 : B 15, 0126 : B 16, 0112 : B 11, and 0128 : B 12, Among the serotypes isolated 0 111 : B 4 were most highly incidence (34.7%). The biochemical reactions of few strains out of twenty three were shown to be abnomal. The antibiotic sensitivity test was performed by serial dilution method and the incidence of the resistant strains to three antibiotics used was in order of frequency, 34.7 per cent streptomycin. 21.7 per cent to chloramphenicol, 13.1 per cent to terramycin. Multiple resistant strains were also found. Considerable number of strains out of twenty three cultures isolated have been shown the their hemolytic activity to the red blood cells of goat and to produce necrotizing toxin to the rabbit skin but no relation between two toxins have been observed.

      • 임상재료에서 분리된 녹농균의 혈청형과 약제감수성에 대하여

        양자 漢陽大學校 1977 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

        Two hundred and fourty eight strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical materials at department of bacteriology in the National Medical Center and Han-il Hospital during January to November in 1973, were typed serologically by Homma's agglutination method utilizing a routine of 13 standard sera. in addition, their susceptibitily to several kinds of antibiotics were determined. The following results were obtained: One hundred seventy eight strains (71.77%) were typable with an occurrence of type ?? in 41 strains (16.53%), type ?? in 36 (14.52%), type T₃in 24 strains (9.68%) and small numbers of strains were distributed in other types. Seventy strains (28.23%) were nontypable. The rate of isolation of Pseudomonas by clinical materials was shown as 49.19% in pus, 16.53% in sputum and 8.87% in urine: the isolation rate of 1.21-3.15% was shown in other clinical materials and the definite distribution rate could not be observed in the serotype by different materials. Majorities of strains used in this experiment of isolates were resistant to common antibiotics but Gentamycin and Carbenicillin, known relatively assensitive antibiotics to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, there were observed resistances of 2.44-10.5% and 16.69-57.8%. Moreover, any particular relationship between serotype and the sensitivity of antibiotics was not identified.

      • Vygotsky의 유아교육사상에 관한 연구

        양자 동남보건대학 2003 論文集-東南保健大學 Vol.21 No.2

        The purpose of this study is to examine learning methods on how kindergarten teacher can facilitate actual developmental levels of children by collaborating with children in cooperated cognitive activities that are suitable to their potential level of development. The conclusion of this study as follows. 1. Vygotsky was born in Orsha, in Jewish family of middleclass. He died of tuberculosis at the age of only 38. He published more than 180 theses, books and researches while he was alive. 2. Vygotsky was proposing that advanced human mind is developed through complicated interactions of biological factors and sociocultural factors. Using the concept of ZPD(Zone of Proximal Development), he explained the process of development and learning, that not developedin certain stage, but will be developed later in the future, 3. According to Vygotsky's researches on mechanism of how children's play affecting development, children's mentality stays in high level of ZPD. He also described that children show higher level of self-control ability while playing. He explained the influence of play on development in 3 aspects. 4. According to Vygotsky's theories, teachers need to cooperate and communicate with children on 1:1 bases or in small groups. It is also important to observe children closely in order to provide suitable helps matching with their current level of understanding. In order to reach the intersubjectivity with children, teachers should be able to see things with the children's view and understand the meanings derived from the children's family and culture. 5. Vygotsky's socioculthral approach theories provided the foundation for Reggio Emilia educational approach. Reggio Emilia education was developed based on the spirit of independency embedded in the historic, cultural and social background of Reggio Emilia located in Italy. The purpose of Reggio Emilia education is to promote and maintain cooperative relations in children, teachers and parent in order to cultivate a whole child who can think in coordination of expression, communication and cognitive language The teaching and leaming method is focusing on emergent curriculum, using multi symbolizing approach in long-term and short-term projects.

      • 가정 안전사고의 환경적 요인 연구

        양자 동남보건대학 2003 論文集-東南保健大學 Vol.21 No.2

        The purpose of this study is to promote safe environments. The study looks into the environmental factors of accident and analyzes risk factors in order to prevent accident effectively. The conclusions of this study were as follows. l. In response to the experience in home safety accidents, parents with all levels of education said they have experienced accidents at home. The response rate was 73.2% to 81.0%. The rate was higher when mothers have no job. It was 80.3%. 2. In response to the type of housing, Apartment had higher rate of accidents(78.8%) compare to that of individual house or tenement house(75.8%) 3. Children with the same gender experienced accident more commonly.(95.9%) 4. In response to whether or not safety educations are conducted, safety educations were conducted regardless of the level of parents' education. Also safety educations was conducted regardless of whether or not mother has a job. 5. In response to the experience of safety educations in parents, Fathers who had no experience were more common among those with high school or lower education(51.8%). In case of having experience, the rate was higher according to the level of education. Junior college(51.6%) and University or higher education(53.1%). Mothers' educational level showed no significant correlations. According to type of housing, apartment had higher response in having no experience(52.0%), individual house or tenement house had higher rate of having experience(60.4%). 6. In response to the parental control of various risk factors, the group who have fathers with university or higher education more often responded that they do control. According to mothers' educational level, mothers' with high school or lower education had higher rate of controlling risk factors. According to mothers’ job, mothers with no jobs had higher rate of controlling risk factors(64.4%).

      • 신증후출혈열에 대한 사람의 정상 이배체 세포 배양 실험백신의 면역원성에 관한 연구

        양자,김경희,정용훈,박호선 한양대학교 의과대학 1994 한양의대 학술지 Vol.14 No.1

        Recent findings have shown that hantaan virus-associated hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome patients can be found throughout the world. Therefore, there is a need to dvelope a safe and effective vaccine to reduce epidemics of the disease. These experiments were performed to determine whether human embryonic lung fibroblast(LuMA cell) derived vaccine material could induc immunity in a rat model for the gemorrhagic fever with renal syndorme. THe vaccine material, ROK 84-105 strain of human-type hantaan virus, was first adapted i suckling mouse brain, cultured in LuMA cell line and inactivated with 0.05% formalin for 60 days. Ten Sprague-Dayle rats were used to evaluate the immunogenicity of this vaccine material. Each group consisted of five rats were given 2,000 ELISA unit/dose and then antibody response and antibody dependent ceoo-mediated cytotoxicity were measured. The followings results were obtained. 1)Immunofluorescence antibody response was increased to 1280 IFA titer in both groups of the vaccinated rats. 2)Plaque neutralizing antibody titer was increased to 14 in one group, and 16 in another group. 3)ADCC was 14.6% in 100:1, 11.4% in 50:1, 7,.2% in 25:1, 4.3% in 12.5:1 E/T ratio and NK activity was 3.4% in 100:1 E/T ratio. These findings suggest that the guman diploid cell-derived vaccine material may successfuly induce antibody and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.

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