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戰鬪地域에서 發生한 踵骨骨折에 對한 臨床的 考察 : 33例에 對한 分析
徐雄吉,趙桂衡,朴聖德 최신의학사 1970 最新醫學 Vol.13 No.2
The clinical analysis 33 cases of the calcaneal fractures, treated at the Dept. of Orthopedic Surgery of Chin-Hae Naval Hospital for three years from September, 1966 to August, 1969, was reported. The results were as follows; 1) All the patient were male and in the 3 rd. decade of life. 2) There were 20 cases caused by booby trap explosion, 9 cases by gunshot, 3 cases by falling from a height and one case by other causes. The most common cause in this series was the booby trap explosion as 60% in frequency. 3) 21 cases were open fractures and 12 cases were closed fractures. Open fractures were about twice as frequent as closed fractures. 4) The classification in this series was follwed to Essex-Lopresti's; According to his classification, Group I was fractures of the calcaneus not involving the subtalar joint and Group II was -fractures of the calcaneus involving the subtalar joint. 5) Associated injuries were in 22 cases (66%). Among them, 19 cases were caused by booby trap explosion. Comminuted fractures of the tibia and the fibula in 10 cases, comminuted fractures of the femur in 5 cases, loss of soft tissue of heel in 3 cases, injuries of common peroneal nerve in 2 cases, fractures of the metatarsal bone in one case and fracture of the second lumbar vertebra in one case, could be noticed as associated injuries. It is said that fractures of the calcaneus caused by falling from a height were frequently associated with fracture of the spine. But in our series, fracture of the spine could not be observed in the cases caused by booby trap explosion. 6) The principle of treatment in our series was as follows; Conservative treatment for Group I and open reduction or athrodesis for Group II. 7) Disabilities after treatment were 14 cases, in which 10 cases were treated by conservative method and 4 cases by open method. In our series, disability was found more frequently in the cases what had been treated by conservative method than in the cases treated by open method.
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대식세포주에서 베타-글루칸에 의한 염증성 사이토카인의 발현
김미정,유한욱,조계형,김하원,Kim, Mi-Jeong,Ryu, Han-Wook,Cho, Gye-Hyung,Kim, Ha-Won 대한약학회 2008 약학회지 Vol.52 No.1
Immune system can protect host attacking from a variety of microorganism and virus through innate and adaptive immunities. The innate immune system can be activated by recognition of conserved carbohydrates on the cell surface of pathogen resulting in protection, immunity regulation and inflammation. Immunostimulating and anti-tumor ${\beta}$-glucan, major cell wall component of many fungi, could be recognized as pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) by C-type lectin such as pathogen recognition receptor (PRR) of host innate immunity cells. In spite of many studies of basidiomycetes ${\beta}$-glucan on immunostimulation, little is known about the precise mechanism as molecular-level. Among C-type lectins, dectin-1 was cloned and reported as a ${\beta}$-glucan receptor. In this report, we demonstrated induction of cytokine gene transcription by Ganoderma lucidum ${\beta}$-glucan in the absence or presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by RT-PCR analysis. The expression of murine dectin-1 (MD-1) on RAW264.7 macrophage by RT-PCR showing both the full length, 757 bp $(MD-1{\alpha})$ and alternative spliced form, 620 bp $(MD-1{\beta})$. Both $MD-1{\alpha}$ and $MD-1{\beta}$ mRNAs were induced by ${\beta $-glucan both in the absence and presence of LPS. To explore expression of inflammatory cytokines by ${\beta}$-glucan, RAW264.7 cells were treated with ${\beta}$-glucan for 12 hours. As a result, the expressions of IL-1 IL-6, IL-l0 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ were increased by ${\beta}$-glucan treatment in a dose-dependent fashion. From these results, ${\beta}$-glucan induced transcriptions of dectin-1 and immune activating cytokine genes, indicating induction of immune allertness by expressing dectin-1 and secreting inflammatory cytokines.
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Controlling the Porosity of Particle Stabilized Al_2O_3 Based Ceramics
Ashish Pokhrel,박정규,조계형,김진영,김익진 한국세라믹학회 2011 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.48 No.6
The microstructure of particle stabilized wet foams can be tailored by using parameters including the amphiphile concentration, contact angle, and surface tension. The influence of these parameters on the porosity is satisfactorily described in terms of a combined influence of the contact angle and surface tension of the initial suspensions that are directly affected by the amphiphile concentration. The resulting macroporous structures exhibited a total porosity of 82%. The foam cells were predominantly closed due to the air bubbles of the original wet foams being completely covered.
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Influence of SiO2 Content on Wet-foam Stability for Creation of Porous Ceramics
Subhasree Bhaskar,박정규,조계형,서동남,김익진 한국세라믹학회 2014 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.51 No.5
The thermodynamic instability of bubbles in wet-foam colloidal suspension is due to the substantial area of their gas/liquidinterface. Several physical processes lead to gas diffusion from smaller to larger bubbles, resulting in a coarsening and Ostwaldripening of wet foam. This includes a narrowing of the bubble size distribution. The distribution and microstructure of porousceramics, the adsorption free energy and Laplace pressure of Al2O3 particle-stabilized colloidal suspension, and SiO2 content wereinvestigated for tailoring the bubble size. Wet-foam stability of more than 80% is related to the degree of hydrophobicity withcontact angles of 62–70° achieved from the surfactant. The contact angle replaces part of the highly energetic interface and lowersthe free energy of the system. This leads to an apparent increase in the surface tension (26–33 mN/m) of the colloidal sus-pension.
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