허균의 저작을 통해 본 상상적 공간

홍형순,이원호 한국전통조경학회 2006 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.영문 No.4

It is through sadaebu's(High official of Joseon Dynasty) ideal garden that we can not only understand sadaebu's thinking but also judge social situation of sadaebu period. I think that this methods are the best ways to analogize sadaebu garden place. The study comparatively analyzed Her kyun's literary and a series of studies from the Korean Literature to examine Her's understanding of life and landscape, composition and style of the book, and composition and landscape elements of the garden which he describes in the book. The study deal with ideal garden of Heo-kyun's literary. Heo-kyun is famous for scholar, literary and politician in the middle of Joseon Dynasty. His sister name is Heo-nanseolhun and he wrote honggildong-jeon. From an actual criticism point of view honggildong-jeon was wrote Joseon Dynasty. Heo-kyun wrote a letter to Lee-Jeong. Many contents associated with the letter include an ideal garden of Heo-kyun. I have attained the following results by analogizing the scale of the garden place, the composition and characteristics of the garden place, and the staffage described in literature based on the writings, and collections of works by those who were acquainted with Her kyun.I expect that based on this study research of records of the requested garden place, a garden in the imagination by those who was not able to construct a garden in a substantive form for economical and social reasons will be activated.

아파트단지 옥외휴게공간의 이용행태와 만족도

홍형순,이은엽,오희영 한국조경학회 2004 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.32 No.2

This study aims to analyze the actual state, the satisfaction index, and the satisfaction factor of the residents in the apartment adopting thematic outdoor rest space design. This study also proposes the basic data for the standard of resident-centered rest space design, not designer-centered or fashion-followed design. The results are as follows : First, most residents use near by rest space, and more use occur during the evenings; 17 hr. ∼ 21 hr. Most of residents use the rest space with their children, partner, or family. Residents usually take walks and take a rests in the rest space. Most residents use the rest space quietly. Of the rest facilities in the outdoor rest space, benches are most used, walks and pergolas are more frequently used. But waterscape facilities are not particularly used. The satisfaction index of the outdoor rest space is generally low. However, the satisfaction index of the rest space and facilities type shows that the evaluation of rest facilities(e.g. benches) is high. The satisfaction index of the decoration shows that the evaluation for the color and design of facilities is high. In the satisfaction index of the physical environment, the item about the size of rest space is highly appreciated. In the mental satisfaction index of the rest space, the item about whole atmosphere is highly appreciated. Of the factors affecting the general satisfaction index with outdoor rest space, the factor of physical environment is the most important independent-variable. Physical environment and facilities are more important influential factors than the atmosphere of outdoor rest space. In the future, the practical study searching for the preferences of the residents and the activation of use should be preceded.

광양항 동측배후단지 2단계 사업지구 상징공원 및 수변공원 설계

홍형순,김도경,정한호,Hong Hyoung-Soon,Kim Do-Kyong,Jeong Han-Ho 한국조경학회 2006 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.34 No.3

The eastern rear business complex of the Gwangyang Harbor (second stage) has undergone the 'alternative bid' process by which a construction company is selected based on their suggestions for an alternative plan and the bid for the construction expenses is based on the previously completed original plan, thereby implicitly accepting the arrangement and scale of the park which was presented in the original plan. It is possible, however, that the concept and plan of each park needs to be approached in a new way within the extent of given design guidelines. This study focuses on the alternative plan process and the Symbol Park (the second neighborhood park) and Waterfront Park (the third neighborhood park) among the five neighborhood parks in the eastern rear business complex (second stage). These two parks provide scale and function for the structure of the park and greenways system at the eastern rear complex. The neighboring waterway is a significant resource for emphasizing the pre-development features of the site. The alternative plan process focuses on determining the resources for the park's plan based on the environmental analyses of the site and utilizing the results. That is, through an analysis of the current state, all available resources are determined and the facilities and activities are derived based on these results. By this, Symbol Park and Waterfront Park reflect the regional features of the eastern rear complex, and these parks will feasibly perform the role of the region's key parte. The limit of this study is the fact that there is no chance for landscape architecture to actively play a role in the creation of the master plan, land utilization plan, and plan for the complex. Therefore there is a problem that the function scale and location of the park are not distributed appropriately in the rear complex. Also the plan for protecting the waterway's shore, a significant resource, only considers the structural stability of the engineering works, degrading the visual and ecological quality. These experiences will be used as a case for further designing the industrial complex and for the resulting park plan.

현대 라이프스타일(Lifestyle) 관점에서 본 허균(許筠)의 『한정록(閒情錄)』

홍형순,Hong, Hyoung-Soon 한국전통조경학회 2017 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.35 No.4

The purpose of this study is to draw an implication regarding "Han-jeong-rok" as the proposal on modern lifestyle. This study classified the behavioral patterns pursued in "Han-jeong-rok" in addition to the 'psychological method of practice' and the 'practical method of practice' for the realization of such behavioral patterns pursued in conducting the study. The outcome of this study can be summed up as follows. The result of reviewing the mainstream modern lifestyle indicated that in the well-being craze, practical and selfish tendency were prominent and the side effect of distorted culture of consumerism were also evident. Lohas faced the limitations of lifestyle led by marketing. The slow movement can be differentiated in that it takes even immaterial aspects into consideration including the value of life and etc. However it faces the limitation of being led by community. In the healing craze, modern day people thirst for something that can heal them. All of these people have strong tendency of relying on the external factors for their personal health and well being, and it possesses a weak point in that it can easily be linked to commercial viability. Compared to the same, the implication that Heo Gyun can gain from "Han-jeong-rok" can be summed up as follows. First, "Han-jeong-rok" emphasizes the point that the agent of life is one's self. The modern lifestyle is practical and relies on the external factors, where as Heo Gyun emphasizes that it should start with a serious introspection of life itself. Second, it emphasizes the psychological aspects in leading a leisurely life. Starting with elegant scenic beauty to reading and sophisticated hobbies among others, it indicates that internal satisfaction can be gained and that self-contentment free from cares, is possible. Third, it proposes standardized 'psychological method of practice' and the 'practical method of practice' for the leisurely life. Materialistic and psychological balance is also emphasized in 'practical method of practice'. The limitations of this study is that it was not a clear comparison with "Han-jeong-rok" between contemporary lifestyle and it had stayed in a review study for implications. Furthermore, there is a need for additional study regarding the concept related to landscape and cases included in the "Han-jeong-rok".

하천의 경관 유지 수량의 결정

홍형순,이주헌,정상만 한국조경학회 2003 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.30 No.6

The physical components of a river, such as water surface width/river width ratio, water level, and flow velocity vary according to different flowrates. Moreover, the riverside landscapes are greatly affected by the change of physical components of the stream or river. This paper provides an analysis of the influence of changing physical components of a river on the riverside landscape using a survey-based quantification method. The questionnaire was developed based on current literature, and was submitted to 326 people who each visited a representative station along the riverside.This survey was implemented three times at each representative station during periods of different flowrates. The results of this analysis and survey have Produced an understanding of the relationship between the variation of physical components and riverside landscapes. Survey results about the flow comparison are summarized as follows. Viewing riverside landscapes, most respondents are sensitive to the change of the flow velocity and prefer high water levels to low water levels. As a whole, respondents prefer abundant stream flows and moderate flow velocity in which they can perceive the flow of water. The minimum instream flows for riverside landscapes is estimated at each representative station by using a survey-based quantification method, and the estimated results of some representative stations were greater than the mean monthly flow at each station. The result of this analysis shows that establishing minimum instream flows for riverside landscapes is not only a technical problem, but also a legal problem. Therefore, in the to establish the instream flows in a river, the estimated results have to be considered as a relative standard. Regarding the survey results, respondents' satisfaction level didn't show any clear inclination according to the variation of various hydraulic properties. In determining the minimum instream flow using such an inquiry method, the structure of riverside scenery may vary according to the change of seasons or months. Therefore, to determine a consistent general inclination about the flow rate, it is necessary to have more detailed flow rates for each season or month combined with more inquiries.

현대 라이프스타일(Lifestyle) 관점에서 본 허균(許筠)의 『한정록(閒情錄)』

홍형순 한국전통조경학회 2017 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.35 No.4

The purpose of this study is to draw an implication regarding ꡔHan-jeong-rokꡕ as the proposal on modern lifestyle. This study classified the behavioral patterns pursued in ꡔHan-jeong-rokꡕ in addition to the ‘psychological method of practice’ and the ‘practical method of practice’ for the realization of such behavioral patterns pursued in conducting the study. The outcome of this study can be summed up as follows. The result of reviewing the mainstream modern lifestyle indicated that in the well-being craze, practical and selfish tendency were prominent and the side effect of distorted culture of consumerism were also evident. Lohas faced the limitations of lifestyle led by marketing. The slow movement can be differentiated in that it takes even immaterial aspects into consideration including the value of life and etc. However it faces the limitation of being led by community. In the healing craze, modern day people thirst for something that can heal them. All of these people have strong tendency of relying on the external factors for their personal health and well being, and it possesses a weak point in that it can easily be linked to commercial viability. Compared to the same, the implication that Heo Gyun can gain from ꡔHan-jeong-rokꡕ can be summed up as follows. First, ꡔHan-jeong-rokꡕ emphasizes the point that the agent of life is one’s self. The modern lifestyle is practical and relies on the external factors, where as Heo Gyun emphasizes that it should start with a serious introspection of life itself. Second, it emphasizes the psychological aspects in leading a leisurely life. Starting with elegant scenic beauty to reading and sophisticated hobbies among others, it indicates that internal satisfaction can be gained and that self-contentment free from cares, is possible. Third, it proposes standardized ‘psychological method of practice’ and the ‘practical method of practice’ for the leisurely life. Materialistic and psychological balance is also emphasized in ‘practical method of practice’. The limitations of this study is that it was not a clear comparison with ꡔHan-jeong-rokꡕbetween contemporary lifestyle and it had stayed in a review study for implications. Furthermore, there is a need for additional study regarding the concept related to landscape and cases included in the ꡔHan-jeong-rokꡕ. 본 연구의 목적은 ꡔ한정록ꡕ이 현대 라이프 스타일에 제시하는 시사점을 도출하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 ꡔ한정록ꡕ에서 추구한삶의 행동방식과 이를 구현하기 위한 ‘정신적 수행방법’과 ‘실천적 수행방법’으로 구분하여 고찰하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 현대의 주류 라이프스타일을 검토한 결과, 웰빙 열풍에서는 즉물적이고 이기적인 경향이 두드러졌으며 소비문화가 왜곡되는 부작용도있었다. 로하스는 마케팅(marketing)이 주도한다는 한계가 있었다. 느리게 살기운동은 삶의 가치 등 비물질적 측면까지 고려하는차별성이 있으나, 커뮤니티(community)가 주도한다는 한계가 있었다. 힐링 열풍에 있어서 현대인은 자신을 치유해 줄 무엇인가를갈구한다. 이들은 모두 개인의 건강과 안녕을 외부에 의존하는 경향이 크며 상업성과 결부되기 쉽다는 취약점도 있다. 이에 비해 허균이 ꡔ한정록ꡕ을 통해 얻을 수 있는 시사점은 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, ꡔ한정록ꡕ은 삶의 주체가 자신이라는점을 강조하고 있다. 현대 라이프스타일은 즉물적이며 외부 의존적인데 반해 허균은 삶에 대한 진지한 성찰로부터 출발할 것을 강조한다. 둘째, 한가로운 삶을 사는데 있어서 정신적인 측면을 강조하였다. 아치(雅致)를 비롯해 독서와 고상한 취미 등을 통해 내적 충만감을얻을 수 있으며 자적할 수 있다는 것이다. 셋째, 한가로운 삶을 위한 정신적 수행방법과 함께 실천적 수행방법도 규범화하여 제시하고있다. 실천적 수행방법에 있어서도 물질과 정신의 조화를 강조하고 있다. 본 연구의 한계는 ꡔ한정록ꡕ과 현대 라이프스타일에 대해 명확한 비교 고찰에 이르지 못하고 시사점 도출을 위한 리뷰(review) 연구에 머무른 점이다. 추후 ꡔ한정록ꡕ에 담긴 조경관련 여러 개념과 사례에 대해 후속 연구가 필요할 것이다.

A basic study on the historical description for the cityscape identity ; The image of cheongju in the archaic texts of geography

홍형순,장태현 한국조경학회 1998 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.26 No.3

It has been recognized that the cityscate identity is a very important factor in a modern city. It is necessary to have a variable view to urban comunities for understanding the cityscape identity. We have investigated the contents of archaic texts such as the geography for tracing a cityscape identity to its origin in a city. Because it has been written about politics, economics and culture of a specific area in the geography based on deep interest to the city, we can look into the early image of the cityscape closely after searching of archaic texts. It is also significant to stdy with archaic texts of geography since these studies have a correlatio to the understand of an area and the keeping of historical conscious which are fundamental of cityscape identity. We have studieds on the area of Cheongju from the middle of Chosun dynasty to the end of this kingdom, since that many geographies were described those days. It was selected "Go-Reo-Sa" and "Se-Jong-Sil-Lok" Geography, "Sin-Jeung-Dong-Guk-Y대-Ji-Seung-Lam" "Dae-Dong-Ji-Ji" "Dong-Guk- Yeo-Ji-Ji", "Jeug-Bo-Mun-Heon-Bi-Go Yeo-Ji-Go", and "Taek-Li-Ji", as archaic texts of geography because these texts described in detail about city and gave a clue to speculate an image of city. The major results are as follows; 1) It was described about the cityscape in those archaic texts are metaphysical image, existing and usable elements of cityscape, lost resources of cityscape. 2) The metaphysical images are neither objective nor consistent in the each archaic texts. But the metaphysical image of old city suggests good insight for the application to the modern city image. 3) It is necessary to the careful onsideration about the existing elements. 4) There are variable programs about the lost resources of the cityscape, in accordance with the possibility of the restoraton. 5) The physical and visible factors and non-physical and invisible factors are equally important elements of the cityscape identity. Our research suggests that it is necessary to understand in detail how those factors of cityscape identity have changed with the changes of the times, and how those factors affect the modern cityscape identity.

조선시대 사가(私家) 정원에서의 양학(養鶴) 사례

홍형순 한국전통조경학회 2020 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.38 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 조선시대 사가 정원에서 학을 기른 실제 사례를 살펴봄으로서 여기에 반영된 보편적 의미와 특징을 규명하는것이다. 이러한 연구를 통해 조선시대 정원문화의 실체에 보다 가깝게 다가갈 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구의 시간적 범위는 조선 시대이며 내용적 범위는 사가(私家)에서의 사례로 한정하였다. 본 연구를 위한 문헌 자료는 한국고전종합데이터베이스에 탑재되어 있는 고전번역서를 대상으로 하였으며, 필요한 경우 관련 연구자의 번역 자료도 추가로 활용하였다. 본연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 종친, 사대부, 향촌 사족, 평민 등 다양한 신분의 인물이 학을 기른 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 학을 기른 인물 중에는 조선시대정치와 학문에 큰 족적을 남긴 인물도 있으며 일부 경우에서는 평생에 걸쳐 처사의 삶으로 일관하며 학을 기른 인물도 있었다. 둘째, 전국 경향각지에 학을 기른 사람들이 있었다. 특히 한양 도성 내를 비롯해 인근에서도 여러 사례가 있다는 점이 주목된다. 셋째, 학을 기르는 행위는 혈연과 교우관계, 사승 등 학맥과 관련성이 컸음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 점에서 학 기르기는 단순한취향이나 풍류이기 보다 한 인물의 삶의 태도와 지향을 반영했다고 볼 수 있다. 넷째, 임포의 고사를 토대로 하는 성리학적 출처의식이 학을 기르는 행위에 큰 영향을 미친 것으로 보인다. 또 일부의 경우에서는도가적 취향이 반영된 것으로 보이는 사례도 있었다. 다섯째, 학을 길들이는 것을 생업으로 삼은 사람도 있었다. 이러한 점은 학에 대한 수요가 꾸준히 존재했다는 것을 반증하고 있다. 본 연구의 한계는 번역 자료에 의존해 연구를 진행하였다는 점이다. 추후 자료의 발굴과 번역 성과가 더욱 축적된다면 보다 풍부한사례를 확인할 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study is to examine the actual cases of crane breeding at private homes in the Joseon Dynasty period, thereby identifying the universal meaning and characteristics of this act reflected in these cases. This study is likely to help understand the true nature of garden culture during the period. The study’ temporal and spatial scope was limited to the Joseon Dynasty and private homes. As references for the study, translated versions of classical literature were selected from the Database of Korean Classics(http://db.itkc.or.kr). To complement for the data, related researchers’ translated materials were also used in part. The study’s results are summed up as follows: First, Individuals from various social classes including royal families, noblemen, noble families in countryside, and commoners kept cranes at their homes. These crane breeders included those who left a significant mark in the Joseon Dynasty politically and academically as well as ‘cheosa(處士)’ that refers to scholars living in seclusion without entering the government throughout their lifetime. Second, Crane breeders were spread all over the country. Notably, various cases of crane breeding were found within the Hanyang Wall and its vicinity. Third, The act of crane breeding was highly associated with blood ties and academic lineages such as friendships and teacher-student relations. In this regard, crane breeding was not just a simple taste or appreciation for the arts, but rather reflective of a person’s life attitude and orientation. Forth, The consciousness of Confucian origins based on an ancient story of Limpo (林逋) appears to have a large impact on the act of crane breeding. In addition, some cases exhibited the reflection of Taoistic tastes. Fifth, Some individuals tamed cranes for a living. This proves the presence of steady demand for cranes in this period. The present study’s limitation is its reliance on translated materials, which hindered research into various cases. Therefore, the future discovery of additional data and the accumulation of their translations will enable the investigation of a wealth of cases.

현대 조경 작품에 나타나는 기하학적 평면구성에 관한 연구

홍형순,장태현 淸州大學校 都市·地域開發硏究所 1997 都市·地域開發硏究 Vol.5 No.1

고려말 樓亭文化에 시도된 실험정신- 이규보의「사륜정기」를 중심으로 -

홍형순,이원호 한국전통조경학회 2006 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.영문 No.4

오랜 기간 樓亭文化를 공유해온 한국과 일본, 중국의 많은 사례와 비교해도 李奎報의 四輪亭은 매우 독창적이다. 실제로 지어지지 않은 정자에 대한 記文을 남겼다는 점도 기발하며, 더구나 이 정자는 이동이 가능하도록 네 바퀴 달린 정자라는 점은 유례없는 발상이었다.본 연구의 목적은 독창적인 ‘四輪亭’이 지니는 실험 정신의 고찰을 통하여 여기에 담긴 의의를 규명하는데 있다. 본 연구의 방법은 문헌 분석을 통해 내재된 의미를 고찰하는 기술적(記述的) 연구방법을 취한다. 연구를 위한 주된 텍스트는 이규보의「四輪亭記」를 비롯한 기타 국역 문헌이 사용되었다.본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다.1. 사륜정은 발상으로부터 구상을 구체화 시키는 일련의 ‘계획적 사고’의 결과라 할 수 있다. 즉 호사가의 기이한 취미나 즉흥적인 치기의 소산으로 간주하기보다는, 사륜정에 대한 구상으로부터 사륜정기를 쓰기까지는 2년여 이상의 기간이 경과한 점에 주목할 필요가 있다.2. 사륜정의 기능적인 측면으로, 고정적으로 설치되어 주변 환경을 수용하는 정자의 기본 틀을 탈피하여 이동성을 추구했다는 점은 기존의 정자에 대한 발상의 전환이 있었다.3. 구조적인 측면에서는, 이동이 용이하도록 주요 재료의 사용에 있어서 경량화를 추구하였다.4. 계획적 측면으로는, 정자에서의 즐거움을 위해 면밀한 계획적 사고가 반영된 결과물이다. 즉 수용 인원과 필요한 기물의 배치, 소요 공간까지를 고려하여 좁은 공간을 최대한 효율적으로 활용하고자 하였다.5. 프로그램적 측면에서는, 사륜정에서 이루어지는 주요 활동은 문학과 바둑, 술과 거문고 등 당대의 풍류 문화를 대표하는 활동들이다. 효율적인 공간 활용을 위해 세심한 계획적인 고려가 이루어졌으며, 여기에 참여할 사람들은 단순한 ‘놀이 친구’가 아닌 ‘동지’로서의 의미를 갖는다.†Corresponding Author : Hong, Hyoung-Soon, Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Joongbu University, 312-940, Korea, Phone : +82-41-750-6740, E-mail : hshong@joongbu.ac.kr6. 상징적 측면에서, 사륜정에 내재한 의미는 도가적(道家的) 사유를 바탕으로 한 자연현상이 보여주는 ‘우주적 질서’로부터 임금을 모시는 ‘신하의 도리’ 등 현실적인 문제까지를 망라하고 있다.종합하여 보면, 사륜정은 이규보의 문학적 상상력의 결과물이다. 즉 그의 학문과 철학, 개성이 반영되어 일찍이 시도된 바 없는 새로운 개념의 정원 시설을 창조한 것이다. 이것을 요약하여 이규보의 ‘실험정신’이라고 할 수 있다. 일찍이 이규보는 그 자신의 문장에 대해서는 “나는 옛 사람을 답습하지 않고 신의(新意)를 창출했다”고 했으며, 사륜정에 대해서는 “취미에 맞도록 할 뿐이지, 어찌 반드시 옛것이어야 하겠는가?”라고 한 바 있다. 이러한 ‘실험정신’은 오늘날의 관점에서 의문시 될 수도 있는 사륜정의 ‘실현 가능성’이나 ‘실용성’을 뛰어넘는 ‘발상의 전환’이란 가치로 평가될 수도 있을 것이다.