Intestine epithelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate inflammation induced by Clostridioides difficile TcdB through the activity of TGF-β1

Wan Shuangshuang,Song Guangzhong,Hu Hui,Xu Yaqing,Zeng Peng,Lin Shan,Yang Jun,Jiang Jinqin,Song Xiaojun,Luo Yongneng,Jin Dazhi 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2023 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.19 No.3

Background Clostridioides diffi cile infection (CDI) has been primarily associated with the toxin B (TcdB), one of the three known protein toxins secreted by C. diffi cile , which can activate the intestinal immune system and lead to pathological damage. Even though the biological functions of intestine epithelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles (I-Evs) have been well documented, the role of I-Evs in the process of CDI is still unknown. Objectives The protective eff ect of I-Evs against C. diffi cile TcdB was investigated both in cultured murine colon carcinoma MC38 cells and a mouse model used in this study. Results Mouse I-Evs with mean diameter ranging from 100 to 200 nm and a density of 1.09–1.17 g/mL were obtained and confi rmed containing the Ev-associated specifi c surface markers CD63 and TSG101 as well as high level of TGF-β1. In MC38 cells, I-Evs were able to decrease the gene expression of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-22 induced by C. diffi cile TcdB, but to increase both the gene expression and protein levels of TGF-β1. I-Evs treatment via intraperitoneal administration alleviates C. diffi cile TcdB-induced local colon infl ammation in mice and increased their survival rate from 50% up to 80%. Furthermore, I-Evs induced an increase in the proportion of CD4 + Foxp3 + Tregs in vitro and in vivo through a TGF-β1-dependent mechanism by activating the TGF-β1 pathway and prompting phosphorylation of the downstream proteins Smad 2/3. Conclusion For the fi rst time, our study demonstrated that I-Evs originated from intestine epithelial cells can alleviate infl ammation induced by C. diffi cile TcdB both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, I-Evs might be potentially a novel endogenous candidate for eff ective treatment of CDI.

The Development of Clinical Document Standards for Semantic Interoperability in China

Peng Yang,Feng Pan,Danhong Liu,Yongyong Xu,Yi Wan,Haibo Tu,Xuejun Tang,Jianping Hu 대한의료정보학회 2011 Healthcare Informatics Research Vol.17 No.4

Objectives: This study is aimed at developing a set of data groups (DGs) to be employed as reusable building blocks for the construction of the eight most common clinical documents used in China’s general hospitals in order to achieve their structural and semantic standardization. Methods: The Diagnostics knowledge framework, the related approaches taken from the Health Level Seven (HL7), the Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE), and the Healthcare Information Technology Standards Panel (HITSP) and 1,487 original clinical records were considered together to form the DG architecture and data sets. The internal structure, content, and semantics of each DG were then defined by mapping each DG data set to a corresponding Clinical Document Architecture data element and matching each DG data set to the metadata in the Chinese National Health Data Dictionary. By using the DGs as reusable building blocks, standardized structures and semantics regarding the clinical documents for semantic interoperability were able to be constructed. Results: Altogether, 5 header DGs, 48 section DGs, and 17 entry DGs were developed. Several issues regarding the DGs, including their internal structure, identifiers,data set names, definitions, length and format, data types, and value sets, were further defined. Standardized structures and semantics regarding the eight clinical documents were structured by the DGs. Conclusions: This approach of constructing clinical document standards using DGs is a feasible standard-driven solution useful in preparing documents possessing semantic interoperability among the disparate information systems in China. These standards need to be validated and refined through further study.

Effects of Feeding High- and Low- Forage Diets Containing Different Forage Sources on Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and Blood Parameters in Non-Pregnant Dry Holstein Cows

Peng, Jing Lun,Kim, Byong Wan,Lee, Bae Hun,Nejad, Jalil Ghassemi,Sung, Kyung Il The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science 2017 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.37 No.1

This research was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding high and low forage diets with different forage sources on rumen fermentation characteristics and blood parameters of Holstein cows during the dry period. Eight Holstein cows were completely randomized assigned to two groups and repeated measurement was utilized in the analysis. Cows in two treatments were fed with diets with high (F:C = 70:30, 70F; forage source: mixed-sowing whole crop barley and Italian ryegrass silage, BIRG) and low (F:C = 55:45, 55F; forage source: tall fescue hay, TF) forage level. Rumen fluid pH was higher in 70F group. Levels of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid showed a similar pattern: from the lowest value at 07:30 h to the highest at 10:30 h and then decreased in both groups. The ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in 55F group at 09:30 and 10:30 h. Rumen fluid $NH_3-N$ concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in 70F group at 09:30 and 10:30 h. Blood urea nitrogen was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in 70F group. It was concluded that BIRG based diet with a high forage level had no adverse effects on rumen fermentation, some blood chemical parameters, and immune system in dry Holstein cows and could be used as a forage source instead of imported TF.

Models for Estimating Yield of Italian Ryegrass in South Areas of Korean Peninsula and Jeju Island

Peng, Jing Lun,Kim, Moon Ju,Kim, Byong Wan,Sung, Kyung Il The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science 2016 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.36 No.3

The objective of this study was to construct Italian ryegrass (IRG) dry matter yield (DMY) estimation models in South Korea based on climatic data by locations. Obviously, the climatic environment of Jeju Island has great differences with Korean Peninsula. Meanwhile, many data points were from Jeju Island in the prepared data set. Statistically significant differences in both DMY values and climatic variables were observed between south areas of Korean Peninsula and Jeju Island. Therefore, the estimation models were constructed separately for south areas of Korean Peninsula and Jeju Island separately. For south areas of Korean Peninsula, a data set with a sample size of 933 during 26 years was used. Four optimal climatic variables were selected through a stepwise approach of multiple regression analysis with DMY as the response variable. Subsequently, via general linear model, the final model including the selected four climatic variables and cultivated locations as dummy variables was constructed. The model could explain 37.7% of the variations in DMY of IRG in south areas of Korean Peninsula. For Jeju Island, a data set containing 130 data points during 17 years were used in the modeling construction via the stepwise approach of multiple regression analysis. The model constructed in this research could explain 51.0% of the variations in DMY of IRG. For the two models, homoscedasticity and the assumption that the mean of the residuals were equal to zero were satisfied. Meanwhile, the fitness of both models was good based on most scatters of predicted DMY values fell within the 95% confidence interval.

The multistage differential pumping system of coupling segment between intense-beam proton accelerator and spallation target in CIADS

Peng ZHANG,Chuanfei HU,Yanning HAN,Yuqin WAN,Feng BAI,Junhui ZHANG 한국진공학회 2016 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.2016 No.8

Cloning of Phospholipase D from Grape Berry and Its Expression under Heat Acclimation

Wan, Si-Bao,Wang, Wei,Wen, Peng-Fei,Chen, Jian-Ye,Kong, Wei-Fu,Pan, Qiu-Hong,Zhan, Ji-Cheng,Tian, Li,Liu, Hong-Tao,Huang, Wei-Dong Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2007 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.40 No.4

To investigate whether phospholipase D (PLD, EC 3.1.4.4) plays a role in adaptive response of post-harvest fruit to environment, a PLD gene was firstly cloned from grape berry (Vitis Vinifera L. cv. Chardonnay) using RT-PCR and 3'- and 5'-RACE. The deduced amino acid sequence (809 residues) showed 84.7% identity with that of PLD from Ricinus communis. The secondary structures of this protein showed the characteristic C2 domain and two active sites of a phospholipid-metabolizing enzyme. The PLD activity and its expression in response to heat acclimation were then assayed. The results indicated PLD was significantly activated at enzyme activity, as well as accumulation of PLD mRNA and synthesis of new PLD protein during the early of heat acclimation, primary suggesting that the grape berry PLD may be involved in the heat response in post-harvest grape berry. This work offers an important basis for further investigating the mechanism of post-harvest fruit adaptation to environmental stresses.

Analysis of the Genome Sequence of Strain GiC-126 of Gloeostereum incarnatum with Genetic Linkage Map

( Wan-zhu Jiang ),( Fang-jie Yao ),( Ming Fang ),( Li-xin Lu ),( You-min Zhang ),( Peng Wang ),( Jing-jing Meng ),( Jia Lu ),( Xiao-xu Ma ),( Qi He ),( Kai-sheng Shao ),( Asif Ali Khan ),( Yun-hui Wei 한국균학회 2021 Mycobiology Vol.49 No.4

Gloeostereum incarnatum has edible and medicinal value and was first cultivated and domesticated in China. We sequenced the G. incarnatum monokaryotic strain GiC-126 on an Illumina HiSeq X Ten system and obtained a 34.52-Mb genome assembly sequence that encoded 16,895 predicted genes. We combined the GiC-126 genome with the published genome of G. incarnatum strain CCMJ2665 to construct a genetic linkage map (GiC-126 genome) that had 10 linkage groups (LGs), and the 15 assembly sequences of CCMJ2665 were integrated into 8 LGs. We identified 1912 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci and detected 700 genes containing 768 SSRs in the genome; 65 and 100 of them were annotated with gene ontology (GO) terms and KEGG pathways, respectively. Carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) were identified in 20 fungal genomes and annotated; among them, 144 CAZymes were annotated in the GiC-126 genome. The A mating-type locus (MAT-A) of G. incarnatum was located on scaffold885 at 38.9 cM of LG1 and was flanked by two homeodomain (HD1) genes, mip and beta-fg. Fourteen segregation distortion markers were detected in the genetic linkage map, all of which were skewed toward the parent GiC-126. They formed three segregation distortion regions (SDR1-SDR3), and 22 predictive genes were found in scaffold1920 where three segregation distortion markers were located in SDR1. In this study, we corrected and updated the genomic information of G. incarnatum. Our results will provide a theoretical basis for fine gene mapping, functional gene cloning, and genetic breeding the follow-up of G. incarnatum.

Amphiphilically modified chitosan copolymer for enhanced oil recovery in harsh reservoir condition

Wan-Fen Pu,Rui Liu,Qin Peng,Dai-Jun Du,Qi-Ning Zhao 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.37 No.-

A novel amphiphilically grafting natural chitosan copolymer (PAMCS) was prepared by using one stepwater-free radical polymerization strategy and the basic parameters for PAMCS were systematicallycharacterized. The rigid D-glucosamine unit, intermolecular association and hydrogen bondingsynergistically endowed PAMCS solution with rheological properties, super-high salt resistance andtemperature tolerance in harsh reservoir condition. PAMCS solution exhibited viscoelastic behaviorand formulated the unique displacement mechanism in comparison to that for partially hydrolyzedpolyacrylamide. Moreover, the mass concentration, injective rate and polymer solution slug related to oilrecovery efficiency for PAMCS were investigated from the economic point.

Insights into chlorantraniliprole resistance of Chilo suppressalis: Expression profiles of ATP-binding cassette transporter genes in strains ranging from low- to high-level resistance

Peng Yingchuan,Zhao Jun,Sun Yang,Wan Peng,Hu Yanyue,Luo Guanghua,Qin Wenjing,Huang Shuijin 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.2

The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins are involved in trans-cellular transport of substances at inverse con centrations. After ABC genes were discovered to be involved in multidrug resistance in humans, increased attention was paid to the role of insect ABC genes in pesticide resistance. Chilo suppressalis, the most important Lepidopteran pest in rice production, has developed resistance to the insecticide chlorantraniliprole. However, few of the ABC genes that contribute to chlorantraniliprole resistance have been studied. Here, 47 genes encoding ABC transporters were identified, including five CsABCA, seven CsABCB, ten CsABCC, two CsABCD, one CsABCE, three CsABCF, 15 CsABCG, and four CsABCH genes. The expression profiles of these transporter genes were determined in three chlorantraniliprole-resistant strains: R1, R2, and HR, with a resistance ratio of 38.8, 110.4, and 249.6, respectively. CsABCA1, -D2, and -H2 were up-regulated in all resistant strains, and the trend in the transcript levels of all 47 CsABC genes fitted a descending curve from R1 to HR. Unexpectedly, CsABCF1, -G11 and -G12 were significantly down-regulated in HR. These results provide new insights into the roles of ABC transporters in chlorantraniliprole resistance in C. suppressalis.

GEP-based Framework for Immune- Inspired Intrusion Detection

( Wan Tang ),( Limei Peng ),( Ximin Yang ),( Xia Xie ),( Yang Cao ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2010 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.4 No.6

Immune-inspired intrusion detection is a promising technology for network security, and well known for its diversity, adaptation, self-tolerance, etc. However, scalability and coverage are two major drawbacks of the immune-inspired intrusion detection systems (IIDSes). In this paper, we propose an IIDS framework, named GEP-IIDS, with improved basic system elements to address these two problems. First, an additional bio-inspired technique, gene expression programming (GEP), is introduced in detector (corresponding to detection rules) representation. In addition, inspired by the avidity model of immunology, new avidity/affinity functions taking the priority of attributes into account are given. Based on the above two improved elements, we also propose a novel immune algorithm that is capable of integrating two bio-inspired mechanisms (i.e., negative selection and positive selection) by using a balance factor. Finally, a pruning algorithm is given to reduce redundant detectors that consume footprint and detection time but do not contribute to improving performance. Our experimental results show the feasibility and effectiveness of our solution to handle the scalability and coverage problems of IIDS.