Removing Price Subsidies and Impacts on Consumption and Production Patterns: Evidence From a Systematic Literature Review

JINGJING LIU,Norlida Hanim Mohd Salleh,Masoud Yahoo,Nor Ghani Bin Md Nor,Riayati Ahmad 서울대학교행정대학원 2024 Journal of Policy Studies Vol.39 No.1

Due to the increasing trend in prices for food and energy products in global markets, subsidy removal and complementary policies have received significant attention in recent years. Critics of subsidy removal express concerns about the potential negative effects on the economy, including impacts on GDP, employment, household welfare, and production sectors. This has led to worries among majority economic policy-making bodies regarding potential social unrest, particularly its impact on low-income households. Therefore, there exists a debate in the literature on the potential impacts of subsidy removal. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the impacts of subsidy removal policies and related subjects using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The main research question is, ‘Do subsidy removal schemes necessarily lead to economic distortions?’ The results indicate that impacts on the economy and household indicators are more explored than the influences on government and industry. The magnitude of these impacts varies depending on the types of subsidies and the extent of subsidy reduction. Considerable attention has been given to the impact of energy subsidy removal in Asian developing countries, while there is a lack of studies on other subsidized products and developed countries. Governments are advised to investigate their unique internal policy dynamics while considering external environments.

Comparison of the safety between cervical conization and hysterectomy for patients with cervical adenocarcinoma in situ

Jingjing Liu,Yu Wang,Xiaoyun Wan,Jian Zou,Yedan Zhu,Weiguo Lv,Yuanming Shen 대한부인종양학회 2023 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.34 No.1

Objective: To compare the safety between cervical conization (CC) alone and hysterectomy for patients with adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) of the cervix. Methods: Patients diagnosed with AIS after CC during 2007–2021 were identified by computerized databases at Women’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. A total of 453 AIS patients were divided into 2 groups according to uterus preservation: hysterectomy group (n=300) and CC(s) alone group (n=153). The prevalence of residual disease and disease recurrence was compared between patients treated by CC(s) alone and hysterectomy. The prevalence of residual disease in specimens from women who had a hysterectomy and repeat CC were compared between positive and negative margins of CC. The factors influencing residual disease and disease recurrence were assessed. Results: Among 310 specimens from women who had a hysterectomy or repeat CC, the prevalence of residual disease was 50.6% (45/89) for a positive margin and 2.3% (5/221) for a negative margin (p=0.000). Four patients had recurrence of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia in those treated by hysterectomy and one had recurrence of cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia in those treated by CC(s) alone. The prevalence of recurrence was 0.7% (1/153) for CC(s) alone and 1.3% (4/300) for hysterectomy (p=0.431). Hysterectomy did not influence residual disease or disease recurrence. Conclusion: CC is an efficacious and safe option for patients with AIS of the cervix provided the margin is negative.

MOF-based Sensing Materials for Non-enzymatic Glucose Sensors

Jingjing Liu,Xiaoting Zha,Yajie Yang The Korean Electrochemical Society 2024 Journal of electrochemical science and technology Vol.15 No.1

Diabetes mellitus is one of the common chronic diseases, seriously threating to human health. The continuous monitoring of blood glucose concentration can effectively prevent diabetic diseases. The sensing performance of glucose non-enzymatic sensors is mainly determined by working electrode materials. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are recognized as promising candidate for glucose sensor application, due to its large surface areas, ordered porous structure and nearly infinite designability. In this review, the sensing performance, research progress and future challenge of non-enzymatic glucose sensors based on MOF-based materials in recent years are presented. We hope that this review would provide valuable technology guidance for high performance non-enzymatic glucose sensors based on MOFs.

Preparation and investigation of Dy³⁺-doped Ca₉LiGd_2/3(PO₄)₇ single-phase full-color phosphor

Liu, Shihua,Liu, Simei,Wang, Jingjing,Sun, Pengfei,Zhong, Yifan,Jeong, Jung Hyun,Deng, Bin,Yu, Ruijin Elsevier 2018 Materials research bulletin Vol.108 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Novel single-phased white-light-emitting Ca<SUB>9</SUB>LiGd<SUB>2/3</SUB>(PO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>7</SUB>:<I>x</I>Dy<SUP>3+</SUP> (<I>x</I> = 0.02, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, and 0.30) β-Ca<SUB>3</SUB>(PO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>-type phosphate phosphors were synthesized. The phase structure, luminescence, and thermal stability of the phosphors were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction analysis, photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra, thermal quenching, and decay curves. XRD analysis confirmed the phase formation of Ca<SUB>9</SUB>LiGd<SUB>2/3</SUB>(PO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>7</SUB>:Dy<SUP>3+</SUP> materials. Under the excitation of 352 nm, the emission of the Ca<SUB>9</SUB>LiGd<SUB>2/3</SUB>(PO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>7</SUB>:0.20Dy<SUP>3+</SUP> sample centered at blue (488 nm) and yellow (580 nm), which corresponded to <SUP>4</SUP>F<SUB>9/2</SUB>–<SUP>6</SUP>H<SUB>15/2</SUB> transition and <SUP>4</SUP>F<SUB>9/2</SUB>–<SUP>6</SUP>H<SUB>13/2</SUB> transition. The optimum dopant concentration of Dy<SUP>3+</SUP> ions was around 20 mol%, and the critical transfer distance of Dy<SUP>3+</SUP> was calculated as 18 Å. The thermal-quenching temperature was above 500 K for Ca<SUB>9</SUB>LiGd<SUB>2/3</SUB>(PO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>7</SUB>:0.20Dy<SUP>3+</SUP>. The developed phosphor has a great potential as a single-component white-light-emitting phosphor for UV-light-emitting diodes.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A novel single-phased Ca<SUB>9</SUB>LiGd<SUB>2/3</SUB>(PO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>7</SUB>:<I>x</I>Dy<SUP>3+</SUP> phosphor was firstly synthesized. </LI> <LI> Its structure, luminescent properties are well studied and characterized. </LI> <LI> It was promising as a single-component white-light-emitting phosphor for w-LEDs. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Biodegradation of Cellulose by β-glucosidase and Cellulase Immobilized on a pH-responsive Copolymer

Jingjing Liu,Xue-Jun Cao 한국생물공학회 2014 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.19 No.5

Biodegradation of cellulose involves synergisticaction of the endoglucanases, exoglucanases and β-glucosidases in cellulase. However, the yield of glucose islimited by the lack of β-glucosidase to hydrolyze cellobioseinto glucose. In this study, β-glucosidase as a supplementalenzyme along with cellulase are co-immobilized on a pHresponsivecopolymer, poly (MAA-co-DMAEMA-co-BMA)(abbreviated PMDB, where MAA is α-methacrylic acid,DMAEMA is 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and BMAis butyl methacrylate). The thermal and storage stabilitiesof PMDB with immobilized enzymes are improved greatly,compared with those of free cellulase. Biodegradation ofcellulose is carried out in a pH-responsive recyclableaqueous two-phase system composed of poly (AA-co-DMAEMA-co-BMA) (abbreviated PADB 3.8, where AA isacrylic acid) and PMDB. Insoluble substrate and PMDB withimmobilized cellulase and β-glucosidase (Celluclast 1.5LFG and Novozyme 188, respectively) were biased to thebottom phase, while the product was partitioned to the topphase in the presence of 40 mM (NH4)2SO4. When thedegradation reaction of cellulose is carried out with PMDBcontaining immobilized cellulase and β-glucosidase, theconcentration of glucose reaches 4.331 mg/mL after 108 h. The yield of glucose is 50.25% after PMDB containing theimmobilized enzymes is recycled five times.

Optimization and Comparison of Typical Elastic Actuators in Powered Ankle-foot Prosthesis

Jingjing Liu,Noor Azuan Abu Osman,Mouaz Al Kouzbary,Hamza Al Kouzbary,Nasrul Anuar Abd Razak,Hanie Nadia Shasmin,Nooranida Arifin 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2022 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.20 No.1

Elastic actuators are broadly applied in the design of the powered ankle-foot prosthesis, so it is a significant task to select and optimize a suitable elastic actuator. Dynamic models of seven kinds of elastic actuators are constructed from a two-degrees-of-freedom vibration system in rotation. With input parameters from sound ankle data during walking, motor data, and the three-dimensional model of the proposed prosthesis, two objectives, which are to minimize the peak mechanical power and mean energy consumption power of the motor, respectively, are optimized by changing the parameters of elastic elements. Unidirectional parallel elastic actuator (UPEA) and UPEA with series spring (SE+UPEA) optimize nearly 75% compared to the direct-driver actuator (DDA) in minimizing the characteristic of peak mechanical power. When it comes to reducing mean energy consumption power, UPEA is also the best, and its performance is at least 15% better than those of the other four kinds of elastic actuators with effective optimization. Besides, features of torque and velocity on the driver end are also compared from elastic actuators to sound ankle. The comparison contributes to understanding the optimization mechanism of different elastic elements, and the optimized and compared performances of elastic actuators can be utilized as the selection basis in the design of the powered ankle-foot prosthesis.

Enhancing the Ag Precipitation by Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment on Cu-Ag Alloys

Jiabin Liu,Lehao Zhang,Jingjing Liu,Liuyi Huang,Hao Gu,Youtong Fang,Liang Meng,Jian Zhang 대한금속·재료학회 2016 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.22 No.5

The influence of surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) on Ag precipitation in Cu-Ag alloys was investigated. Cu-6 wt% Ag was melt, cold rolled and solution treated to be Cu-Ag solid solution, which was either aged at 250 and 350 °C for 24 h directly or SMAT-ed before aging. Ag precipitates were hard be found in the directly aged Cu-Ag sample while they were observed clearly in the SMAT-ed counterpart at 250 °C. The Ag precipitates formed in the surface layer by SMAT are much coarser than those in the un-SMAT-ed sample. It is obvious that the precipitating behavior of Ag was promoted significantly by SMAT approach. A large number of defects were generated by SMAT and they were acting as fast atomic diffusion channels that facilitated the atomic diffusion of Ag.

Synthesis and properties of ultrafine YAG powder via low-temperature microwave hydrothermal method

Yue Liu,Jieguang Song,Lin Chen,Huihui Luo,Guojian Lin,Peng Chen,Chenhui Wei,Jingjing Liu 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2020 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.21 No.4

Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) has good optical properties and has been widely used in engineering. The preparation ofconventional YAG powder is costly due to its high synthesis temperature, so lowering the synthesis temperature is the mosteffective way to save cost. The ultrafine oxide composite powder was rapidly synthesized using the microwave hydrothermalmethod at a low temperature. The effect of temperature and its performance. Differential thermal analysis and XRD phaseanalysis showed the mixed solution of Al(NO3)3 and Y(NO3)3 at pH=9 and C(Al3+)=0.42 mol·L−1. SEM, zeta potential, andparticle size analysis revealed that the microwave hydrothermal reaction temperature was 170 oC, and the high-purityultrafine YAG powder was calcined at 928 oC, which was lower than conventional calcination temperature. The synthesizedultrafine spherical YAG powder had a small particle size and a uniform distribution.

Three-Dimensional Upper Bound Limit Analysis of Tunnel Stability with an Extended Collapse Mechanism

Zhizhen Liu,Ping Cao,Fei Wang,Jingjing Meng,Rihong Cao,Jingshuo Liu 대한토목학회 2022 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.26 No.12

A three-dimensional collapse mechanism that can consider a combined collapse of the tunnel roof and the side walls is proposed in this work. The three-dimensional upper bound support pressure is formulated with the power balance principal in the upper bound theorem. The nonlinear Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion is used to replace the commonly used linear Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion. The method has been validated by a series of examples, in which the three-dimensional collapse mechanism and support pressures are in a good agreementwith the numerical results and solutions found in the literatures. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses of the geotechnical and geometrical parameters on the support pressure areconducted and the collapsing range is measured. The results show that a higher value of nonlinear failure coefficient, tensile strength, initial cohesion and tangential internal friction angle can increase tunnel stability, while tunnel stability is threatened by a higher value of burial depth, unit weight, tunnel width and height. The predicted collapse range increases noticeably with the increase of the nonlinear coefficient. This study is of great significance for predicting the three-dimensional safety support pressure and collapse mechanism of tunnel.

Study on Preparation of Core-Spun Yarn Surgical Sutures by Compositing Drug-Loaded Nanofiber Membrane with PLA and Its Controllable Drug Release Performance

Zhichao Yang,Shuqiang Liu,Jingjing Li,Gaihong Wu,Man Zhang,Fu Li,Lu Jia,Yujing Zhang,Huimin Li,Xia Liu,Jingjing Zhao,Huiqin Zhang,Shiyu Li 한국섬유공학회 2023 Fibers and polymers Vol.24 No.12

Polylactic acid (PLA) surgical suture is considered to be one of the most ideal materials for tissue closure due to its rich raw materials and excellent biological properties. However, surgical sutures face great challenges due to problems such as wound infection and tissue reaction in practical applications. In order to improve the clinical applicability of surgical sutures, we constructed a new drug-loading system for core-spun surgical sutures. The shell was composed of nanofibrous membranes composed of polyglycolic acid (PGA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) antibacterial drugs, and the core layer adopts PLA filament. By adjusting the composition ratio of PGA and PCL in the shell, a new mode of regulating the release rate and release cycle of the suture was constructed. According to different wound healing time, different drug release cycles of surgical suture were selected. In the study, the structure of the core-spun yarn can be clearly observed by scanning electron microscope, the higher the shell PGA content and drug loading, the faster the drug release rate. When the carrier ratio PGA/PCL was 80/20 and the drug loading was 3%, the drug release rate was the fastest and the drug release was high; finally, antibacterial experiments showed that the suture had excellent antibacterial effect and could effectively kill Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The successful preparation of core-spun yarn surgical suture provides a new idea for the study of new antibacterial surgical suture.