한말·일제강점기 한국천주교회와 근본주의

윤선자 西江大學校 宗敎硏究所 2008 韓國宗敎硏究 Vol.10 No.-

근본주의는 그리스도교의 본질적이고 근본적인 교리를 재확인하려 했던 일종의 교리수호운동이었다. 그런데 근본주의라 말은, 어떤 이념체계에 대한 광신적 신념과 그에 따른 행동을 보여주는 종교운동이나 세속운동을 지칭할 때 사용될 수 있다. 그럴 때 근본주의는 다른 세계관, 신앙관을 가진 이들을 적대시하고 배타적으로 대하는 논리에 도달하지 않을 수 없다. 어떤 이념체계에 대한 광신적 신념과 그에 따른 행동을 보여주는 종교운동이나 세속운동을 근본주의로 본다면 모든 종교에는 근본주의적 성향이 있고 천주교회도 예외는 아니다. 제2차 바티칸공의회를 통하여 타종교에 상당히 유화적이고 포용적인 입장을 취하기 전까지 천주교회도 천주교 이외의 종교는 이교 내지 미신으로 비판하였다. 또한 천주교회가 누렸던 각종 혜택과 지위가 위협받는 상황이 초래되었을 때 그 상황을 적극적으로 인식하고 수용하고 적응하기보다는 반대·거절의 입장을 취하였다. 반근대주의 선서는 과학과 근대문명에 대한 부정적인 인식을 심어주었고, 그러한 인식은 교회로 하여금 성속이원론의 신앙관을 형성하게 하였다. 자신의 종교에 대한 믿음은 종교인들에게 가장 중요한 가치이다. 그런데 자신의 종교에 대한 믿음이 타 종교 내지 다른 가치관을 폄하하거나 오류라고 단정짓는 결과를 낳아서는 안될 것이다. 그것은 내 믿음 이외에 모든 것을 부정하는 것이고, 그러한 인식과 태도는 단절과 불화를 초래하게 된다. 그것이 경계해야 할 근본주의적 성향이다. 자기 종교의 근본정신을 추구하는 것은 바람직하다. 자기 믿음의 뿌리를 보다 깊이있고 자세하게 아는 것은 믿음의 토대를 굳게 할 것이기 때문이다. 주의할 것은 자기 종교에 대한 믿음이라는 이름 아래 자행되는 타종교에 대한 비난, 종교 믿음의 미명 아래 벌이는 폭력이다. 타인의 믿음도 인정하는 것이야말로 자기 믿음을 보다 확실하게 이해하는 것이며, 자기 믿음 이외의 가치를 인정하는 태도야말로 진정한 종교인의 자세이기 때문이다.

1970년대의 통일운동과 '3·1민주구국선언' 사건

윤선자 전남사학회 2002 역사학연구 Vol.19 No.-

The March 1st democracy save-the-nation proclamation was a very important event in the 1570's democratic movement. It exerted influence on the Park Chung Hee government and struck a severe blow to his regime. The Yushin regime regarded this incident as an attempt to overthrow the government. Meanwhile political prisoners viewed it as an anti-Yushin struggle. But the meaning of this incident is that it brought up the problem of the unification of Korea and made it a public issue again. This proclamation emphasized pre-unification post-democratization which means democratization should be accomplished before accomplishing the unification of Korea. The authors also promoted unification through victory over communism This thought was derived from the sense of the crisis of national security and anti-communist feelings caused by the Korean War and the communization of Vietnam All the signators did not agree with this. There were s()me people who supported the method of peace, democracy and independence. Their thought was confirmed in "the proclamation of a democracy save-the-nation at the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the March )st movement" by the group of the national coalition. Unification through victory over communism has similarities with the theory of the Lee Seong-man regime, but peace, democracy and independence were closely connected with the unification theory of the progressive party. Because the military regime prohibited debate on unification, discussion of unification has not achieved any progress since the days of the Jang-myeon regime. Even if pre-democratization was maintained, the unification theory declared in the March 1st incident made Koreans face the divided reality of Korea and it made clear that overcoming the division was the biggest task in our future. Since that time, discussion of unification has become lively, The March 1st proclamation made the unification issue a public one. Its biggest meaning lay on the side of movement toward unification.

Comparison in Bioavailability of Zinc Oxide Micro-and Nano-Particles in Dietary Induced Zinc-Deficient Mice

Ja Seon Yoon,Dang Young Kim,Ja kyung Seol,Ju Seong Kang,Sang Yoon Nam,Young Won Yun,Jong Soo Kim,Beom Jun Lee 대한수의학회 2013 대한수의학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2013 No.-

Bioavailabilities of micro- and nano-particles of zinc oxide in zinc-deficient mice

Ja-Seon Yoon,Ja-Kyung Seol,Ju-Seong Kang,Dang Young Kim,Jong-Soo Kim,Beom Jun Lee 한국실험동물학회 2013 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.8

Immunomodulatory activity of sodium silicate containing selenium in LPS-stimulated immune cells

( Ja Seon Yoon ),( Joon Yeop Lee ),( Nak Young Baek ),( Bong Su Kang ),( Ji Yong Yun ),( Dang Yong Kim ),( Ja Kyoung Seol ),( Young Won Yun ),( Sang Yoon Nam ),( Jae Hwang Jeong ),( Jong Soo Kim ),( B 한국예방수의학회(구 한국수의공중보건학회) 2013 예방수의학회지 Vol.37 No.1

Selenium salts are toxic in large amounts, however, trace amounts are necessary for cellular function in many organisms, including all animals. Selenium is a component of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase (which indirectly reduce certain oxidized molecules in animals and some plants), sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) possesses a number of biological activities, especially in improvement of cell growth. However, few studies on the effects of sodium silicate and selenium on an immune system have been reported so far. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of soluble sodium silicate/Se on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in RAW264.7 cells. The production of nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines was examined in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The cells were cultured in Dulbecco`s modified Eagle`s medium (DMEM). Concentration of 10 ppm or less of soluble sodium silicate/Se had no cytotoxic effect on RAW264.7 cells. The soluble sodium silicate/Se decreased LPS-induced production of NO but did not affect the levels of TNF-α, IL-2, and IFN-γ in RAW264.7 cells In addition, the sodium silicate/Se induced up regulation of IL-1β level in a does-dependent manner. These results suggest that the soluble sodium silicate/Se has a synergistic effect in down-regulation of inflammatory response in vitro.

Comparative study on the effects of micro- and nano-sized zinc oxide supplementation on zinc-deficient mice

Ja-Seon Yoon 대한수의학회 2023 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.24 No.1

Background: Zinc (Zn) is an essential cofactor for physiological homeostasis in the body. Zn oxide (ZnO), an inorganic compound that supplies Zn, exists in various sizes, and its bioavailability may vary depending on the size in vivo. However, comparative studies on the nutritional effects of micro-sized ZnO (M-ZnO) and nano-sized ZnO (N-ZnO) supplementation on Zn deficiency (ZnD) animal models have not been reported. Objectives: This study investigated the nutritional bioavailability of N-ZnO and M-ZnO particles in dietary-induced ZnD mice. Methods: Animals were divided into six experimental groups: normal group, ZnD control group, and four ZnO treatment groups (Nano-Low, Nano-High, Micro-Low, and Micro-High). After ZnD induction, N-ZnO or M-ZnO was administered orally every day for 4 weeks. Results: ZnD-associated clinical signs almost disappeared 7 days after N-ZnO or M-ZnO administration. Serum Zn concentrations were higher in the Nano-High group than in the ZnD and M-ZnO groups on day 7 of ZnO treatment. In the liver and testis, Nano-Low and Nano-High groups showed significantly higher Zn concentrations than the other groups after 14-day treatment. ZnO supplementation increased Mt-1 mRNA expression in the liver and testis and Mt-2 mRNA expression in the liver. Based on hematoxylin-and-eosin staining results, N-ZnO supplementation alleviated histological damage induced by ZnD in the testis and liver. Conclusions: This study suggested that N-ZnO can be utilized faster than M-ZnO for nutritional restoration at the early stage of ZnD condition and presented Mt-1 as an indicator of Zn status in the serum, liver, and testis.

연구논문 : 임실지역과 한말 항일의병

윤선자 ( Seon Ja Yoon ) 호남사학회(구-전남사학회) 2007 역사학연구 Vol.30 No.-

1933년 ‘전북조공재건 및 충남전위동맹’의 조직과 활동

윤선자(Seon-Ja Yoon) 독립기념관 한국독립운동사연구소 2007 한국독립운동사연구 Vol.0 No.28

영광군의 종교지형

윤선자(Yoon Seon-Ja) 한국기독교역사연구소 2009 한국기독교와 역사 Vol.31 No.-

영광군은 백제불교 도래지, 원불교 개창지, 개신교 순교지로서는 물론 조선초부터 족적이 발견되는 유교, 신유박해 때부터 시작된 천주교와도 연계되어 종교적인 측면에서 의미가 크다. 백제불교 도래를 시작으로 유교가 조선초 이전, 천주교가 18세기 말, 개신교가 19세기 말, 원불교가 20세기 초 영광에서 역사를 시작하였다. 종교적인 측면에서 백제불교 도래지, 원불교 개창지, 개신교 순교지이기에 그러한 특성이 영광군의 개별 종교들에 영향을 미쳤으리라 여겨진다. 그러나 각 종교 활동의 중심이 되는 사찰·교회 현황을 보면 개신교가 숫자적으로 많고 불교는 상당히 적다. 이는 백제불교 도래지, 원불교 개창지라는 특성이 영광군의 종교 활동에는 그다지 영향을 미치지 않는다는 의미이다. 그것은 “백제불교 도래지 영광”이라는 것이 영광에서는 강조되고 있지만, 한국불교 전체로는 그다지 의미를 부여하지 않기 때문이다. 또한 불교활동의 중심이 되는 사찰들이 산속에 위치하여 접근성이 떨어진다는 것도 이유이다. 원불교 또한 영광이 개창지이지만 1920년대 이후 전북 익산으로 원불교의 무게 중심이 옮겨가 영광은 상대적으로 관심과 비중이 낮아진 때문이다. 영광군의 종교인구는 1995년 전국ㆍ전남의 종교인구 비율보다 낮았다. 전국 대비 영광군의 인구비율보다 전국종교인구 대비 영광군의 종교인구 비율이 낮은데 그것은 1970년대부터 진행된 인구의 도시집중, 그러한 현상에 부응한 1980년대 이후 각 종교계의 도시 집중 선교ㆍ포교 활동과 관계가 깊다. 1995년 영광군의 종교인구는 개신교 신자가 가장 많고 이어 불교, 원불교, 천주교 순이었다. 영광군의 개신교 신자비율은 전국 개신교 신자비율보다 높은데 이는 ‘개신교순교지’와 관련이 많다. 2005년 전국인구는 10년 전보다 5.5% 증가하였는데 영광군 인구는 12% 감소하였다. 전국 종교인구 비율은 증가하였는데, 영광군 종교인구 비율은 거의 변화가 없었다. 개신교 신자비율이 가장 높지만 1995년과 비교하여 8%나 감소하였는데 이는 원불교와 천주교 신자비율이 증가한 때문이었다. 읍면별로는 영광 종교인구의 40%가 영광읍에 거주하며, 개신교 신자는 11개 읍면 모두에 존재한다. 그러나 백제불교 초전법륜지라 주장되는 법성포가 있는 법성면에 불교 신자수는 적고 개신교 신자수는 상당히 많으며 천주교 신자수도 불교 신자수의 2배 이상 많다. 원불교 성지가 있는 백수읍의 종교인구도 원불교 신자보다 개신교 신자수가 훨씬 많다. 이러한 현상은 각 종교가 지니고 있는 특성 내지 강점이 영광군에서는 각 종교인구 증가에 그다지 영향을 주지 못한다는 것을 말해준다. 그런데 원불교 신자도 백수읍보다는 영광읍에, 불교신자 역시 법성면보다는 영광읍에 더 많이 거주한다는 것은 개별 종교와 연관있는 특정 지역이 그 종교에 독점되기보다는 다른 종교들과 조화를 이루어낸 것이라 긍정적으로 해석할 수 있다. 1986년 홍농원자력발전소 가동과 1995년의 지방자치제는 영광군의 종교적인 특성을 개발하고 부각시키는 계기가 되었다. 백제불교 초전지설을 학술적으로 규명하고, 순교지를 개발하는 등 개신교 순교사업을 추진하고, 원불교 개창지로서 관련 사적지들을 정립하는 작업은 해당 종교와 영광군이 함께 추진하였다. 그러나 그동안은 선행되어야 할 학술 조사와 연구가 충분히 이루어지지 않은 상태에서 진행되어 아쉬운 점들도 지적된다. 또한 개별 종교 단위로만 이루어지고, 주변 문화와의 연계가 도모되지 않은 것도 한계로 지적된다. Yeonggwang-gun is not only known as a starting place of Paekje Buddhism and Won-Buddhism and a place of martyrdom of Protestantism, but also associated with Confucianism dated back to early Chosun and Catholic Church started by the time of the arrival of Paekje Buddhism, all of which suggest great significance in religious aspect. Since the arrival of Paekje Buddhism, Confucianism started its history before early Chosun, Catholic Church in late 18th century, Protestantism in late 19th century and Won-Buddhism in early 20th century in Yeonggwang. Since it is the starting place of Paekje Buddhism and Won-Buddhism and a place of martyrdom of Protestantism, these might have greatly affected religions in Yeonggwang-gun. However, regarding the number of Buddhist temples and churches where religious activities take place, there are many Protestant churches while there are relatively less number of Buddhist temples. This suggests that Yeonggwang-gun's significance as the starting place of Paekje Buddhism and Won-Buddhism does not affect religious activities in Yeonggwang-gun as one can presume. Although Yeonggwang-gun advertises its significance of "the glorious starting place of Paekje Buddhism", it does not have much significance in terms of the entire Buddhism community in Korea. In addition, most Buddhist temples are located in deep into the forest, which diminishes accessability. Yeonggwang is also the starting place of Won-Buddhism; however the center has moved from Yeonggwang to Iksan, Jeonbuk since 1920s, which relatively diminished the significance of Yeonggwang. Religious population of Yeonggwang-gun was less than that of the country and Jeonnam in 1995. Religious population ratio of Yeonggwang-gun compared to that of the country is less than population ratio of Yeonggwang-gun compared to that of the country, which is attributed to missionary activities focused on the cities since 1980s to correspond to population concentration to the cities since 1970s. Majority of religious population of Yeonggwang-gun in 1995 were Protestant, followed by Buddhists, Won-Buddhists and Catholic. Yeonggwang-gun's Protestant ratio is higher than that of the country, which is associated with the significance of the 'place of martyrdom of Protestantism'. Population of Yeonggwang-gun decreased 12% while that of the country increased 5.5% in 2005 for the past decade. Religious population ratio of Yeonggwang-gun has not significantly changed while that of the country has increased. Protestant population is the biggest, though it decreased 8% compared to that of 1995, which was due to the increase of Won-Buddhist and Catholic population. In eups and myeons, 40% of religious population of Yeonggwang-gun live in Yeonggwang-eup; most Protestants live in 11 eups/myeons. However there are less Buddhists and more Protestants in Beopseong-myeon, which is allegedly known for the starting place of Paekje Buddhism; even Catholic population is twice that of Buddhist. Baeksu-eup, known as sacred ground of Won-Buddhism, has more Protestants than Won-Buddhists. It suggests that characteristics and strengths of a religion may not affect increase of religious population of certain religion. However the fact that Yeonggwang-eup has more Won-Buddhists than Baeksu-eup and more Buddhists than Beopseong-myeon can be explained that certain location associated with a religion can create harmony with other religions rather than monopoly of one religion. Starting of Hongnong nuclear power plant in 1986 and local government in 1995 gave Yeonggwang-gun an opportunity to develop and emphasize its religious characteristics. Religious groups and Yeonggwang-gun have worked together to academically define the theory of Yeonggwang-gun as the starting place as Paekje Buddhism, develop as the place of martyrdom of Protestantism, and organize historical remains that demonstrate significance of Yeonggwang as a place of development of Won-Buddhism. However it wasn't sufficient

근대문화유산과 종교건물

윤선자(Yoon Seon-Ja) 한국기독교역사연구소 2005 한국기독교와 역사 Vol.22 No.-

Before embodying the academic, artistic, and historic meanings of modem cultural properties, I analyze the report of list of modem cultural properties, filed by 13 municipalities and local capitals' administrative offices, and the data of Cultural Heritage Administration. On basis of analysis I categorize the results into two parts, which is the present conditions of modem cultural properties and the designation states as modem cultural properties, and those categories are particularly seen by religious architectures. When we start to think of modern cultural properties as legacy, we confront the most primal question of what the modem cultural properties are. And the answer would be found on the precise distinction of the “modem period” in Korean history. There are many types of modem cultural properties and among them I picked the religious architectures. In searching religious architectures, I put the modern period of Korean history from the start of western civilization invasion to 1960. Although my research is conducted inside of this time span as modem period, it would be persuasive to say that the architectural modem period is limited until the Korean independence, for˙ the modem period in Korea was concluded along with the Korean independence and right after that there came contemporary period. However, it would be very unreasonable to say that we must include 1960 and 1970 as modem period of modem architectural studies, for the architectures, built after independence and these times, also have modem aspects and features. The modem features in architectures would be endlessly found in the upcoming period of time. While I analyzing modem religious architectures, there found many inconsistencies in naming the architectures. For example, among Roman Catholic Churches, some were listed as “Roman Catholic Church (Cheonju-Kyohoei),” whereas others were listed as “Catholic Church (Seung-dang).” And I think we need to keep consistency in naming the properties of religious architectures. The Episcopal Church’s names in list also showed inconsistency, likewise some were listed “the Episcopal Church” titles before the local names, and others were listed “the Episcopal Church” after the local names. And so I think we need to show consistency in naming “the Episcopal Church” architectures. As the two major modern religions in Korea, the Roman Catholic Church and the Episcopal Church example requires us to investigate into the designations of cultural properties, not only other religious properties, but also the other cultural properties.