서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1998)

김재홍,김준호,반재용,이정우,황성주,정준규,정성태,강진문,조흔정,홍창의,정혜신,이한승,김이선,이봉길,이종호,선영우,한기덕,윤성필,이성훈,안종성,박석범,문승현,조항래,김형섭,류지호,황재영,박준홍,손상욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1

In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG), we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by menas of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. In 1998, 93 strians of N. genorrhoeae were isolated, among which 60(64.5%) were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 64.5% in 1998.

Sn-3.5wt%Ag 무연솔더를 이용한 μBGA 솔더접합부의 열피로수명 예측

이준환,하범용,신영의 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 2000 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.30 No.-

본 연구에서는 μBGA와 Pb-free 솔더에 대한 수명평가방법을 제시하기 위하여 μBGA에 대하여 37wt%Pb-Sn 공정 솔더와 Sn-3.5wt%Ag 솔더를 채택한 3차원 유한요소해석모델을 구성해 보았다. 점탄소성거동에 대비하여 구성되어진 각각의 모델 중, 먼저 일반적인 솔더 형상을 가진 모델에 대하여 솔더 재질별로 온도범위 -40∼120℃, -20∼100℃, 20∼100℃의 세 가지 열사이클을 3회씩 가하여 솔더 접합부 계면에 집중되어진 응력과 변형율의 분포를 유한요소해석을 통해 살펴보았다. 또한 온도 변화에 따른 ΔT와 용융온도 T_M등의 변수를 이용하여 얻어진 γ를 이용하여 열피로수명식을 유도하였다. This study discusses thermal fatigue prediction of μBGA(Micro Ball Array) solder joint. Analysis method is used to three-dimensional finite element analysis with various solder alloys such as Sn-37wt%Pb, Sn-3.5wt%Ag under temperature cycling. Strain values, along with the result of solder material fatigue tests, were then used to predict the solder joint fatigue life with Coffin-Manson equation. As a result, it could be found that Sn-3.5wt%Ag has longer fatigue life than Sn-37wt%Pb in Low cycle fatigue. And using the analysis result, derive modified Coffin-Manson equation with temperature dependent factor γ.

소각장별 비산재 중의 중금속 용출 특성 및 존재형태

이우근,김준수,김진범 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1998 環境硏究 Vol.15 No.-

본 연구는 도시폐기물 소각시설에서 발생되는 비산재 중에 함유된 중금속으 존재형태 및 용출 툭성을 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 용출 실험은 KSLT, TCLP, MALT법을 이용하였고 중금속의 존재형태별 분포에는 다음과 같이 5가지 형태로 구분하였다.; exchangeable, carbonate, reducible, organic, residual fraction.용출 심험 결과에 의하면 pH 4로 일정하게 유지한MALT법에 의한 중금속 용출량이 가장 높 This study was carried out to estimate the fractional composition and leaching properties of heavy metals in fly ash generated from three municipal solid waste incinerators(MSWI). Three leaching tests are used in this work. These are Korea Standard Leaching Test(KSLT)), Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), Maximum Availability Leaching Test(MALT) method. The fractional composition of heavy metals is classified into five fractions; exchangeable, carbonate, reducible, organic, residual fraction. According to the leaching tests, it seems that the highest amounts of heavy metals are leached by MALT method in which pH of 4.0 maintains constantly. From the results of the fractional composition of heavy metals, above 45% of Cd is leached by the change of pH or/and concentrations at I and J incinerators. And 91% of Cd is extracted under the reducible environment at B incinerator. But Cu may be leached under the strong acidic environment. The amount of Cu at B incinerator is less leached than that of I and J incinerators due to high residual fraction. About 35% of Ni in fly ashes at three incinerators exists in reducible fraction. It is probably leached under the reducible environment. Pb may be leached under the weak acidic environment at I and J incinerators, but in case of S incinerator leached under the strong acidic environment.

비대칭 군집분석법의 소개 및 사례분석

이광진,김범준 목원대학교 사회과학연구소 1998 社會科學硏究 Vol.- No.2

전통적인 군집분석 이론에서는 대칭인 거리행렬을 바탕으로 군집현상을 파악한다. 본 연구에서는 비대칭 상사성행렬이 주어진 경우 이를 거리행렬로 변환하지도 않으면서 비대칭 상사성행렬이 주어진 경우 이를 거리행렬로 변환하지도 않으면서 그리고 비대칭성도 그대로 유지하면서 개체들간의 군집 또는 결합현상을 분석할 수 있는 비대칭 군집분석(asymmetric cluster analysis)의 내용을 간략하게 정리하여 소개하면서, 두 개의 실 제자료를 통해 이의 유용성을 보이고자 함이 목적이다.

성인에서 발병한 과면역글로불린 E 증후군 1예

이재천,박주상,윤지열,정두련,문희범,우준희,류지소 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.1

과민역글로불린 E 증후군은 영유아기부터 반복적인 부비동, 호흡기감염 및 농양의 형성, 습진성 피부 질환 및 혈청 면역글로불린 E의 상승을 보이는 드문 질환이다. 특징적으로 농양은 발열이나 균혈증을 동반하지 않으며, 포도상구균이 흔한 원인균이며, 배농 및 항균제 정주로 효과적으로 치료된다. 향후 병태생리 및 치료에 대한 연구가 필 요하다. 저자들은 성인기에 발병한 반복적인 피하 농양 형성, 습진성 피부질환, 혈청 면역글로불린 E의 상승 등으로 과면역글포블린 E 증후군으로 진단된 증례를 국내 최초로 보고하는 바이다. Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome, rarely reported, is a syndrome of hyperimniunoglo-bulinemia E. eczematous skin lesion, and recurrent staphylococcal infections on respiratory system and skin with abscess formation, mostly from early in life. The abscess is not accompamed with fever and bacteremia, that is a characteristic 'cold abscess' We report a case of 56 year-old woman who manifested this syndrome from adulthood. with the review of literatures.

비납솔더를 이용한 솔더접합부의 신뢰성에 관한 연구

하범용,이준환,윤준호,신영의 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 2000 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.30 No.-

본 연구에선 실제적으로 전자 제품에 사용되고 있는 패키지(QFP : 피치간격 0.8mm, TSOP : 피치간격 0.4mm)를 사용하여 Sn/Ag 공정 솔더 페이스트를 사용하여 온도 조건에 따른 솔더 접합부의 초기 접합 강도를 45°Peel test를 통해 측정하였으며, Aging시간을 변수로 하여 솔더와 구리 합금 사이에서 생성되는 IMC층의 두께를 측정, 분석하여 Sn/Pb 공정 솔더 페이스트를 사용했을 경우와 비교, 검토하였다. 실험결과로부터 비납솔더인 Sn/Ag 공정 솔더를 사용하여 접합부의 품질 및 장기신뢰성(고온유지) 측면에서 만족할만한 결과를 얻었으며, Sn/Pb 공정솔더의 대체 재료 가능성을 실험을 통하여 입증하였다. As solder joint become small and fine, the reliability and solderability of solder joint is the critical issue in present electronic packaging industry. Besides the use of lead(Pb) containing solders for the interconnections of microelectronic subsytem assembly and packaging has enviromental issue. In this study, using Sn/Pb and Sn/Ag eutectic solder paste, to obtain decrease of solder joint strength with aging time, initial solder joint strength and aging strength after 1000 hour aging at 100℃ were measured by peel test. And to obtain the growth of intermetallic compound(IMC) layer thickness, IMC layer thickness was measured by scanning electron microscope(SEM). As a result, solder joint strength was decrease with aging time increasing. The mean IMC layer thickness was increased linearly with the square root of aging time. The diffusion coefficient(D) of IMC layer was found to 1.29×10 exp (-13) ㎠/s at using Sn/Pb solder paste, 7.56×10 exp (14) ㎠/s at using Sn/Ag solder paste.

당뇨병환자에서 뇨증 Fibronectin농도의 증가에 관한 연구

한승범,조준승,손건영,서성문,박근용,조성래,박규영,박정모,이인규,여준기 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1994 계명의대학술지 Vol.13 No.4

Plasma fibronectin is an α₂-glyoprotein, which is produced by vascular endothelial cells. Raised level of plasma fibronectin has been observed in diabetic patients particularly in the presence of microvascular complications. However, no available data exist about urine level of this glycoprotein in diabetic patients. We measured urine fibronectin level by ELISA methods in 54 diabetic patients who have microvascular comlications or not. The following results were obtained. 1) Urine fibronectin level(㎍/g creatinine) in diabetic group(1740.0±678.0) is increased compaired with those in normal control group(471.0±59.0). but this results were not significantly different among two groups(P>0.05). 2) Urine fibronectin level(㎍/g creatinine) was significantly increased in patients with nephropathy (6188.0±3144.0) compared with those in normal control group(471.0±59.0) and patients without nephropathy(645.0±251.0)(P<0.001). 3) There were a significant correlation between BUN, creatinine, creatinine clearance, 24hr urine total protein and urine fibronectin level in diabetic patients. Our data suggest that urine fibronectin excretion level might be used as a sensitive guide for diabectic nephropathy.

외상성 간손상과 비장손상시 CT분류의 의의

정준영,이창현,김현정,도호석,이삼범,도병수 大韓應急醫學會 1997 대한응급의학회지 Vol.8 No.1

The Organ Injury Scaling Committee of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma recently published a consensus classification of hepatic and splenic injuries. The hepatic and splenic injury scales, based on parenchymal laceration and intrahepatic hematoma, include grade 1 to 6 and grade 1 to 5 respectively, representing the least to most severe injury. Forty-eight patients with hepatic and splenic injury were evaluate by abdominal CT from January 1995 to May 1996 and we compared abdominal CT grading with operative grading. Four CT grades did not correlate with operative finding. CT grading showed a sensitivity of 80%, specificity 80% in regard to operative grading. We conclude that 1) CT is an accurate technique to determine the extent of hepatic and splenic injury. 2) CT grading of hepatic and splenic trauma has a high correlation with operative grading.

甘豆湯 전탕액과 구성약물이 배양심근세포 박동수에 미치는 영향

박준배,권강범,황인진,김우경,김희찬,오광수,이호섭,류도곤 대한동의병리학회 2001 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.15 No.4

To test the protective effect of herbal medicine on myocardial damage against adriamycin-induced myocardiotoxicity, cytotoxicity of adriamycin was examined using MTT assay and protective effect of herbal medicine in the presence of water extract of Gamdu-tang, Gamigamdu-tang, or single constituents of these prescriptions was examined using counting of beating rate. The results of these experiments were obtained as follows : Adriamycin resulted in a decrease in viability and beating rate in cultured myocardial cells. Gamdu-tang water extract shows effects of protection from the cardiocyte toxicityinduced by adriamycin treatment such as increases beating rate. Gamigamdu-tang water extract shows the similar protective evvect as shown in gamdu-tang treatment on the decreasing of beating rate induced by adriamycin. Radix Glycyrrhizae, Semen Glycine, and Folium Phyllostachyos water extract shows a significant effect of protection for cardiotoxicity induced by adriamycin in cultured myocardial cells. These results show that adriamycin elicits toxic effects in cultured myocardial cells derived from neonatal mouse, and suggest teat water extract of gamdu-tang, gamigamdu-tang, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Semen Glycine, or Folium Phyllostachyos is very effective in the prevention of adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity/

2인과 3인의 기본 심페소생술 비교

정준영,이창현,김현정,도호석,이삼범,도병수 大韓應急醫學會 1997 대한응급의학회지 Vol.8 No.1

Study objectives: To compare the quality of CPR provided by medical students and pre-EMTs perfoming three-rescuer CPR with that achieved by same students trained to provide standard two-rescuer CPR and to find the most effective method of resuscitation and to educate this methods to students. Material and methods: From July 1 to September 30, 1996, we had trained 60 groups consisted of the medical students, students of EMS technology and pre-EMT. Each group practiced two-rescuer CPR and three-rescuer CPR for 120 minutes with Resusci? Anne and perfomed CPR for at least 3 minutes without feedback. To eliminate any visual cues of perfomance the mannequin's recorder was hidden. Each actions were recorded by Resusci? skillmeter and Laerdal printer. To compare the quality of two-rescuer CPR and three-rescuer CPR, we analyzed the data by SPSS with paired t-test. Results: Three-rescuer teams delivered a mean minute ventilation and a mean minute cardiac compression substantially greater than that produced by two-rescuer teams(11.30±1.85 vs 9.09±2.22, p<0.001; 99.22±12.42 vs 95.12±15.75, p<0.001). Three-rescuer teams produce the more correct actions in chest compression and ventilation(93.84±7.56% vs 83.49±16.94%, 90.90±9.33% vs 77.00±17.06%). Conclusion: Three-rescuers can produce better CPR than two rescuers when a bag-valve-mask devices is used and the technique is easily learned and readily retrained, so we think that repeated education and training of this CPR methods to students is needed.