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결핵균 약제감수성 검사의 비용효율성에 관한 다기관 연구
정석훈,이대동,최재철,김선주,신정환,정윤성,이은엽,오승환,배길한,장철훈 대한감염학회 2005 감염과 화학요법 Vol.37 No.1
목적 : 우리나라에서의 결핵균 감수성 검사는 검출 균주의 일부에서만 시행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 모든 검출 균주들에 대해서 감수성검사를 실시하면서, 진료에 필요한 결과를 충분히 제공하고 경제적이면서 현실적인 감수성검사 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 재료 및 방법 : 5개 대학병원에서 일정기간 연속적으로 의뢰된 502균주의 감수성 결과를 분석하였다. 검사결과의 해석 및 2차 약제 감수성검사의 필요성은 NCCLS approved standard M24-A의 권고 기준에 따라 판단하였다. 결과 : 최소한 1가지 이상의 약제에 내성을 보인 경우는 초치료 환자의 10% (38/363), 재치료 환자의 61%(85/139)였으며, 다약제 내성을 보인 경우는 초치료 환자의 3% (11/363), 재치료 환자의 44% (61/139)였다. NCCLS 권고에 따라 2차 약제에 대한 감수성 검사를 시행하지 않아도 되는 경우는 초치료 환자의 96%, 재치료환자의 47%였다. 결론 : 초치료 환자는 95%에서 1차 약제에 대한 검사만으로 충분하므로 필요한 경우에만 2차 약제를 추가로 검사하고 재치료 환자에서는 1, 2차 약제를 동시에 검사할 필요가 있을 것으로 생각한다. Background : The anti-mycobacterial susceptibility test is performed on only a small percentage of clinical isolates in Korea. The aim of this study is to propose an anti-mycobacterial susceptibility testing scheme, which is not only economic and practical but also fully informative to physicians. Materials and Methods : The anti-mycobacterial susceptibility test results of 502 strains, isolated from five university-affiliated hospitals, were analysed. The interpretation of the results and the need for second-line drug susceptibility test were judged according to the recommendation of NCCLS M24-A guidelines. Results : The isolates from 10% (38/363) of treatment-navie patients and 61% (85/139) of retreatment patients showed resistance to at least one of the anti-mycobactial agents; 3% (11/363) and 44% (61/139) of isolates from each group were multi-drug resistant. According to the recommendation by NCCLS, the percentage of patients not needing the susceptibility test results for second-line drugs were 96% for treatment-naive and 47% for re-treatment patients. Conclusion : Since the susceptibility test against first-line drug is sufficient for 95% of treatment-navie patients with tuberculosis patients, susceptibility test against second-line drugs may be performed only when it is necessary. As for the re-treatment patients with tuberculosis, susceptibility test for both first-line and second-line drugs should be performed simultaneously.
Reduced Tomato Bacterial Wilt by Ferrous Chloride Application
Kim Hyeon Ji,Kim Su Min,Kim Yeon Hwa,Park Jeong Hoon,Kang Dong Ki,Yun Jae Gill,Shin Ryoung,Hong Jeum Kyu 한국식물병리학회 2023 식물병연구 Vol.29 No.1
Exogenous ferrous chloride (FeCl<sub>2</sub>) suppressed in vitro growth of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum, causing bacteria for tomato bacterial wilt. More than 50 μM of FeCl<sub>2</sub> reduced the in vitro bacterial growth in dosedependent manners. Two to 200 μM of FeCl<sub>2</sub> did not affect the fresh weight of detached tomato leaves at 3 and 5 days after the petiole dipping without the bacterial inoculation. The bacterial wilt of the detached tomato leaves was evaluated by inoculating two different inoculum densities of R. pseudosolanacearum (10<sup>5</sup> and 10<sup>7</sup> cfu/ml) in the presence of FeCl<sub>2</sub>. Bacterial wilt in the detached leaves by 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml was efficiently attenuated by 10–200 μM of FeCl<sub>2</sub> at 3 and 5 days post-inoculation (dpi), but bacterial wilt by 10<sup>7</sup> cfu/ml was only reduced by 200 μM of FeCl<sub>2</sub> at 3 and 5 dpi. These results suggest that iron nutrients can be included in the integrated disease management of tomato bacterial wilt.
Kim, Do-Hee,Lee, Hyun-Jung,Choi, Gooi-Hun,Kim, Ok-Hyeon,Lee, Kwang-Gill,Yeo, Joo-Hong,Lee, Jun-Young,Lee, Sang-Hyung,Youn, Young-Chul,Lee, Jang-Han,Paik, Hyun-Dong,Lee, Won-Bok,Kim, Sung-Su,Jung, Hee- Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2009 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.29 No.2
Previous studies indicate that BF-7 enhances learning and memory in normal and elderly individuals. Here, we evaluated whether milk containing BF-7 (BF-7 milk) could improve the brain function, with thirty normal university students $(21{\pm}1.2 years)$. Two versions of the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test were used under double-blinded conditions to measure the efficacy of BF-7 milk on learning and memory, especially working memory and attention, and on mathematical ability. As a result, BF-7 milk improved the accuracy of the task more than 3-fold. Furthermore, BF-7 milk protected cultured neuronal cells from 3-hydroxykynurenine, a normal endogenous brain stress agent. These results indicate that BF-7 milk enhances memory, attention and mathematical ability in normal persons.
Niobium Doping Effects on TiO2 Mesoscopic Electron Transport Layer-Based Perovskite Solar Cells.
Kim, Dong Hoe,Han, Gill Sang,Seong, Won Mo,Lee, Jin-Wook,Kim, Byeong Jo,Park, Nam-Gyu,Hong, Kug Sun,Lee, Sangwook,Jung, Hyun Suk Wiley-VCH 2015 ChemSusChem Vol.8 No.14
<P>Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are the most promising candidates as next-generation solar energy conversion systems. To design a highly efficient PSC, understanding electronic properties of mesoporous metal oxides is essential. Herein, we explore the effect of Nb doping of TiO2 on electronic structure and photovoltaic properties of PSCs. Light Nb doping (0.5 and 1.0?at?%) increased the optical band gap slightly, but heavy doping (5.0?at?%) distinctively decreased it. The relative Fermi level position of the conduction band is similar for the lightly Nb-doped TiO2 (NTO) and the undoped TiO2 whereas that of the heavy doped NTO decreased by as much as 0.3?eV. The lightly doped NTO-based PSCs exhibit 10?% higher efficiency than PSCs based on undoped TiO2 (from 12.2?% to 13.4?%) and 52?% higher than the PSCs utilizing heavy doped NTO (from 8.8?% to 13.4?%), which is attributed to fast electron injection/transport and preserved electron lifetime, verified by transient photocurrent decay and impedance studies.</P>
Han, Gill Sang,Lee, Sangwook,Kim, Dong Wook,Kim, Dong Hoe,Noh, Jun Hong,Park, Jong Hoon,Roy, Subhasis,Ahn, Tae Kyu,Jung, Hyun Suk American Chemical Society 2013 Crystal Growth & Design Vol.13 No.8
<P>Hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles with various morphologies such as sphere, rod, whisker, and platelet have attracted a great deal of scientific and technological interest for their broad utilization as reinforcing agents in bone cement, bone fillers, drug carriers, and adsorbents for chromatography. In this Article, a simple method to control the morphology of HAp particles by adjusting the initial pH of precursors and the amount of gelatin and urea additions is introduced. Initially formed calcium phosphate products such as octacalcium phosphate (OCP), hydroxyapatite (HAp), and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) are found to be altered by changing the pH of solutions, which induces variation of HAp morphology as well as phase transformation route to HAp. From the observation of HAp formation behavior, the addition of gelatin is revealed to retard HAp formation as well as to change the aspect ratio of HAp particles, which is ascribed to strong adsorption of gelatin on the surface of calcium phosphate. Also, urea is observed to boost HAp formation rate by enhancing hydrolysis reaction. Through the understanding of the influence of the aforementioned variables, the morphology of pure HAp particles is successfully controlled, and this enables the promotion of the applicability of HAp particles in various fields.</P><P>Hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles with various morphologies such as sphere, rod, whisker, and platelet have attracted a great deal of scientific and technological interest for their broad utilization as reinforcing agents in bone cement, bone fillers, drug carriers, and adsorbents for chromatography. In this Article, a simple method to control the morphology of HAp particles is introduced.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/cgdefu/2013/cgdefu.2013.13.issue-8/cg400308a/production/images/medium/cg-2013-00308a_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/cg400308a'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>