온도와 시간에 따른 Tocopherol의 syringe 내에서의 안정성 시험

권미옥,정양희,정영경,홍혜자,노환성 한국병원약사회 1999 병원약사회지 Vol.16 No.1

Tocopherol is considered an essential nutritional element and an antioxidant preventing the action of peroxidase on unsaturated bonds in cell membranes and protecting red blood cells against hemolysis. It may also act as a cofactor in some enzyme systems. The patients are recommended that tocopherol should be used 100∼1,000IU daily. It has been administrated 100IU in the pediatrics of our hospital. Because Genoa® using in our hospital include d-α-tocopherol 400IU, all the content of this capsule has been extracted with syringe and the one fourth of them has been administrated to the patient, and the three fourth has been discharged. Due to this economic problem, we studied the stability of tocopherol (Genoa®) in the syringe for 72 hours on different storage environment (refrigerated/room temperature) to use Genoa® one capsule for four days. Tocopherol 50㎎ was diluted in absolute ethanol 100㎖ and aqueous tocopherol samples were collected for High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis with 0, 24, 48, 72 hours after diluting. As a result of HPLC analysis, we determined that if the content of tocopherol was between 96 and 102%, it was stable. The results are as following : 1) At refrigerated temperature (4±1℃), tocopherol in the samples remained more than 96% of the initial content throughout the study period, 2) At room temperature (25±1℃), tocopherol was stable for 48 hours, but unstable at third day. Therefore, tocopherol has to reserve at refrigerated temperature, and when reserved at room temperature, the stability of tocopherol is established for 48 hours.

중년기 성인의 혈중 항산화 물질 분석 및 혈중 지질과 신체계측치와의 상관성

이현정(Lee Hyun-Jung),이덕희(Lee Duk-Hee),김광옥(Kim Kwang-Ok),김유정(Kim Yoo-Jung),이혜성(Lee Hye-Sung) 韓國營養學會 2009 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.42 No.5

본 연구에서는 우리나라 건강한 중년성인의 혈청 carotenoids류(α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, lycopene)와 α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, retinol의 수준을 파악하고 혈중 지질상태 및 신체계측치와의 상관성을 평가해보고자 하였으며 조사 대상자는 40대 이후 건강한 성인 373명 (남자 231명, 여자 142명)이었다. 우리나라 건강한 중년기 성인의 혈청 중에 존재하는 주요 carotenoids는 β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene, lutein이었고 lycopene, α-carotene은 더 낮은 농도로 존재하였다. 성별에 따른 비교에서는 α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene 등의 carotenoids 물질들의 농도는 여자가 남자에 비해 유의하게 높았고, retinol은 남자가 여자에 비해 유의하게 높았으며 lutein과 tocopherol은 성별에 따른 유의차를 보이지 않았다. 혈중 항산화 물질의 농도는 연령이 높아짐에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 retinol과 α-tocopherol 영양상태는 남자가 여자에 비해 우수하였다. 혈청 항산화 물질들의 농도와 혈청 및 소변 중의지질과산화물 농도 사이에는 뚜렷한 상관성을 발견할 수가 없었다. 혈청 carotenoids들은 상호간에 또 α-tocopherol 사이에 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 보였으며, 반면 lutein을 제외하고는 retinol과는 음의 상관성을 나타내었다. 혈 중 α-tocopherol과 retinol 사이에는 유의적인 양의 상관성을 보였다. 혈 중 지질과의 상관성 분석에서 측정된 모든 항산화 물질들은 총콜레스테롤과 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 반면 중성지질은 carotenoids 물질과는 음의 상관성을 보였고 tocopherol, retinol과는 양의 상관성을 보였다. 혈청 항산화 물질들의 농도와 신체계측치 사이에는 성별에 관계없이 전반적으로 혈청 carotenoids류는 신체계측치들 및 혈압과 음의 상관성을 보였으며, tocopherol들과 retinol 수준은 양의 상관성을 보였다. 이 중 특히 유의적인 상관성을 보인 것은 남성에서 β-carotene과 lutein의 혈압과의 음의 상관성, 여성에서의 α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin과 체지방 관련 지표들 (BMI, WHR, 체지방율)과의 음의 관련성이었다. 본 연구 결과 중년 성인의 혈중 항산화 물질들의 농도는 종류에 따라 성별, 연령별로 유의적인 차이를 나타내었으며, 혈중 지질 수준 및 신체 계측치와도 유의적인 관련성을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 이러한 상관성의 원인과 의미에 대해서는 향 후 식생활 및 생활습관 등과 관련된 연구를 통해 밝혀져야 할 것이다. The serum levels of antioxidant materials (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, lycopene, α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, retinol) of the healthy Korean middle-aged adults (n = 373) were measured and their relationships with the serum lipids and anthropometric indices were analyzed. The serum levels of β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene, lutein were higher than those of lycopene and α-carotene. The levels of all measured carotenoids except lutein were significantly higher in females than in males, but retinol level was vice versa. There was a tendency of increase in serum levels of antioxidant vitamins with increasing age. The serum carotenoid levels had a positive correlation with serum cholesterol and a negative correlation with serum triglyceride. The serum levels of tocopherols or retinol showed a significantly positive relationship with blood cholesterol or triglyceride. In overall, anthropometric indices showed negative relations with serum carotenoids levels, but vice versa with serum tocopherol or retinol levels. Particularly, β-carotene and lutein levels showed a significantly negative relation with blood pressure in male subjects. The serum levels of α-carotene, β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin had significantly negative relations with body fat-related indices in female subjects. The results demonstrated that blood antioxidants levels differed by sex and age, and had significant relations with blood lipid levels and anthropometric indices. Therefore, the rationale and significance of the relationships need to be elucidated in the future study related to dietary intakes and life style.

Formation Kinetic Study of Thermal Products of Tocopherols

Hae Young Chung 한국식품영양과학회 2007 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.12 No.3

The kinetic analyses for thermal products of alpha-, gamma- and delta-tocopherols during heating as functions of temperature and time were studied. Alpha-, gamma- and delta-tocopherols dissolved in glycerol were heated at 100~200oC for 5~60 min. The thermal products were separated by hexane extraction and analyzed by HPLC using a reversed phase μ-Bondapak C18-column with two kinds of elution solvents in a gradient mode. The formation kinetics of thermal products of tocopherols followed a first-order kinetic model. The formation rate of thermal products of tocopherols was dependent on heating temperatures and heating times. The activation energy and enthalpy for the thermal products of γ-and δ-tocopherols were higher than those for α-tocopherol as in the case of the oxidative degradation kinetics of tocopherol. The magnitude order of the activation energy was γ->δ->α-tocopherol.

리놀레산 함유 고형 모델시스템의 산화에 미치는 토코페롤 및 베타 카로틴의 영향

김명,이숙희,최홍식 부산대학교 유전공학연구소 1995 분자생물학 연구보 Vol.11 No.-

리놀레산 혼합물 (리놀레산 64.6%, 올레산 27.4%, 기타 8.0%)에 토코페롤 isomer 및 β-카로틴을 조합한 모델시스템에서는 정제 잣 지방질에 비해 비교적 낮은 온도인 35℃에서도 급속한 산화가 일어났으며 α-토코페롤은 항산화제로 작용하나 첨가농도가 0.05% 보다 높을수록 오히려 산화촉진 효과를 나타내어 본 실험에서도 0.05% 첨가가 산화 안정성을 유지하는 적정농도라고 추정되었다. γ-토코페롤은 항산화작용을 나타내었고 이 때는 α-토코페롤과는 달리 농도에 다른 항산화력의 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 또한 동일 농도에서 α-토코페롤에 비해 γ-토코페롤의 항산화효과가 크며, 동량 혼합시에는 다소 유도기가 연장되었으며 토코페롤의 감소 경향은 α-, γ-순이었다. β-카로틴은 자동산화 초기에 항산화제로 작용하였으나 γ-토코페롤이 함께 존재할 경우에는 산화를 촉진하는 것으로 나타났으며 β-카로틴의 분해는 지방질의 산화가 진행됨에 따라 급격히 일어났다. 따라서 지방질(유리지방산 상태)의 산화안정성에는 β-카로틴 보다 토코페롤의 영향이 크다고 볼 수 있었다. Effects of tocopherols and β-carotene on the oxidation of the solid model system of a free fatty acid mixture (64.5% of linoleic acid ; 26.4% of oleic acid ; 5.0% of palmitic acid) with tocopherols and β-carotene were studied. α-tocopherol revealed an antioxidant activity at the concentration below 0.05%, however, it showed a prooxidant activity when the concentration was higher than 0.05%. The antioxidant activity of γ-tocopherol was not affected by the concentrations in the range of 0.01∼0.10% in the model and γ-tocopherol showed higher antioxidant activity than that of α-tocopherol. It seemed that α-tocopherol was unstable compared to γ-tocopherol during oxidation. β-carotene showed a weak antioxidative activity at the initial stage of this system while β-carotene showed a prooxidant activity in the presence of tocopherol. β-carotene was highly susceptible to autoxidative degradation during oxidation.

고지방식이에서 서로 다른 불포화 지방산 섭취가 쥐의 혈청과 조직의 Tocopherol 함량과 지질과산화물 형성에 미치는 영향

남정혜 한국식품영양학회 1994 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.7 No.4

본 연구에서는 생후 17주된 Sprague Dawley종 수컷쥐에게 식이지방량이 총섭취 열량의 40%인 고지방 식이시 n6 linoleic acid, n3 EPA와 DHA 지방산을 충분한 양의 tocopherol과 한께 6주간 투여하였을 때 이들 지방산이 plasma와 RBC, 간조직의 tocopherol, MDA함량과 간의 SOD, GSH-Px의 활성에 미치는 영향을 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. Plasma tocopherol은 지방산의 불포화도가 높을수록 감소되었으나 plasma MDA는 식이 지방산 종류에 의한 차이가 없었다. RBC MDA는 n6 LA에 비해 n3 LL와 EPA + DHA에 의해 증가되었고 RBC hemolysis도 증가되었다 간과 RBC의 tocopherol 함량은 식이 지방산의 종류에 따른 영향이 없없으나 MDA함량은 유의성 있게 증가되었다. 간조직의 SOD와 GSH-Px활성은 식이 지방산의 불포화도가 높을수록 모두 증가되었으나 GSH-Px는 SOD에 비하여 식이지방산에 의한 영향이 덜하였다. 결론적으로, 고지방 식이를 할 경우 SOD와 GSH-Px 활성이 높아져도 RBC와 간조직의 MDA는 오히려 증가되어 지질 과산화물의 생성을 막아주지 못하였다. 최근 우리나라의 경우 동물성 식품의 계속적인 섭취 증가로 식이중 열량과 지방의 양이 계속 증가되고 있는 추세이며 이로인한 여러 순환기계질환의 예방을 위해 n3 PUFA를 섭취할 경우 결국 더 많은 tocopherol섭취가 필요할 것으로 사려된다. This study was observed the effect of n6 and n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids of dietary corn oil and fish oil which was supplemented with similar levels of tocopherol in high fat diet on the levels of tocopherol, malondialdehyde(MDA) productions of plasma and tissues of rats. Also RBC hemolysis, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in liver were determined. Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed high fat(40%Cal) diet which was different only in fatty acid composition for 6 weeks. Dietary fats were beef tallow(BT) as a source of saturated fatty acid, corn oil(CO) for n6 linoleic acid(LA) and fish oil(FO) for n3 eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Plasma and liver tocopherol levels were lowered by n3 PUFA, but there was no difference in malondialdehyde(MDA) level by different dietary PUFA. However, MDA content of RBC and hemolysis were increased by n3 PUFA. MDA content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activities in liver were increased in more unsaturated dietary fat groups. Especially, SOD activity was increased in proportion to the degree of fat unsaturation.

Formation Kinetic Study of Thermal Products of Tocopherols

Chung, Hae-Young The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2007 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.12 No.3

The kinetic analyses for thermal products of alpha-, gamma- and delta-tocopherols during heating as functions of temperature and time were studied. Alpha-, gamma- and delta-tocopherols dissolved in glycerol were heated at $100{\sim}200^{\circ}C$ for $5{\sim}60$ min. The thermal products were separated by hexane extraction and analyzed by HPLC using a reversed phase ${\mu}-Bondapak$ $C_{18}-column$ with two kinds of elution solvents in a gradient mode. The formation kinetics of thermal products of tocopherols followed a first-order kinetic model. The formation rate of thermal products of tocopherols was dependent on heating temperatures and heating times. The activation energy and enthalpy for the thermal products of ${\gamma}-and$ ${\delta}-tocopherols$ were higher than those for ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ as in the case of the oxidative degradation kinetics of tocopherol. The magnitude order of the activation energy was ${\gamma}->{\delta}->{\alpha}-tocopherol$.

Tocopherol과 Ascorbate 투여가 사염화탄소로 유도한 흰쥐의 효소활성 및 항산화적용에 미치는 영향

하배진,이상현,하종명 한국생명과학회 1999 생명과학회지 Vol.9 No.3

The enzyme activities and antioxidative of tocopherol and ascorbate were investigated at the levels of liver, kidney homogenates and sera of SD-rats intoxicated with tetrachlorocarbon$CCl_4$. GOT and GPT activities of sera in the $CCl_4$ group were 3, 6 times increased compared to normal group. But they tended to decrease significantly in tocopherol and ascorbate administered group. As for BUN and total cholesterol they were the same. HDL-cholesterol in the $CCl_4$group was 42% decreased compared to normal group. HDL-cholesterol was about 26% increased in the tocopherol group and tocopherol ascorbate group compared to $CCl_4$ group. MDA and SOD activities in the liver and the kidney tissue homogenates were significantly increased in $CCl_4$ group compared to normal group. But they were decreased significantly in the tocopherol group and tocopherol-ascorbate group compared to $CCl_4$ group. In view of this study tocopherol and ascorbated were ascorbate were effective on the detoxication of liver and kidney injury.

Serum Carotenoid, Retinol and Tocopherol Concentrations and Risk of Cervical Cancer among Chinese Women

Zhang, Yuan-Yuan,Lu, Ling,Abliz, Guzalnur,Mijit, Fatima Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.7

Background: Despite many epidemiological studies on the effects of dietary antioxidant micronutrients on risk of cervical cancer, the findings remain uncertain and little evidence is available for serum nutrient markers. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between serum carotenoid, retinol and tocopherol concentrations and risk of cervical cancer among Chinese women. Materials and Methods: We conducted a hospital-based case-control study in which 358 adults (158 incident cases and 200 controls) were recruited from Xinjiang, China. Serum levels of carotenoids (${\alpha}$-carotene, ${\beta}$-carotene, ${\beta}$-cryptoxanthin, lycopene and lutein/zeaxanthin), retinol, and tocopherols (${\alpha}$-tocopherol and ${\gamma}$-tocopherol) were assessed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: We found inverse associations between serum carotenoid (${\alpha}$-carotene, ${\beta}$-carotene, and lutein/zeaxanthin) and tocopherol (${\alpha}$-tocopherol) concentrations and the risk of cervical cancer after adjusting for potential confounders, but a null association for retinol. The ORs for 1-SD increase were 0.71 (95 % CI: 0.56-0.92; p=0.003) for total carotenoids and 0.75 (95 % CI: 0.60-0.94; p=0.008) for total tocopherols. Conclusions: These results show that higher serum concentrations of some carotenoids and tocopherols are associated with a lower risk of cervical cancer among Chinese women.

미국산 전통품종과 유전자 재조합 땅콩품종의 지방산과 토코페롤의 상관관계

신의철(Eui-Cheol Shin) 한국식품영양과학회 2013 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.42 No.10

미국산 땅콩의 지용성 성분의 연구를 위해 일반 품종과 hioleic품종이 가지는 지방산과 지용성 vitamin 중 하나인 tocopherol의 구성과 그에 대한 상관관계를 살펴보았다. 두 가지 품종에서 확연한 지방산 조성의 차이를 대표적 지방산인 palmitic acid, oleic acid, 그리고 linoleic acid를 중심으로 상관관계를 확인할 수 있었으며, 포화지방산과 β-T 반비례 관계를 통계적 접근을 통해 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 correlation을 통해서 γ-T와 δ-T가 높은 비례관계를 가지는 것을 확인하였다. 다변량 분석을 위한 통계기법 중 대표적인 PCA를 통해서 땅콩의 지용성 성분에 대한 해석을 시도하였고, 그 결과 변수로 분류한 지방산과 tocopherol과의 관계를 loading plot을 통해서 확인하였고, score plot을 통해 개별 땅콩 품종들이 보이는 그룹간의 유의성과 차이를 확인할 수 있었다. 통계적 접근을 통해서 일반적인 분석 데이터에서 보여주는 정보 이외의 숨은 결과를 수학적 계산을 근거로 얻을 수 있다는 점에서 PCA를 이용한 통계적 접근법은 앞으로 여타의 땅콩품종이 가진 지용성 및 수용성 성분의 상관관계 및 품종간 그룹별 분류에 좀 더 체계적인 수단으로써 이용될 것으로 판단된다. 그리고 우수한 영양 및 기능성 성분을 가진 땅콩이 육종이라는 과정을 통해서 개량된 high-oleic 품종은 더욱 우수한 영양성분 및 식품으로서의 가공 안정성을 가지고 있어, 식품소재로서의 high-oleic 품종은 전통 품종보다 더욱 유리한 위치에 있다고 판단된다. 또한 연구에서는 선행 연구들에서 발견한 fatty acid와 tocopherol 함량의 유의적인(P<0.05) 상호관계가 나타나지는 않았으나 향후 땅콩을 포함한 식품소재의 성분 분석에 대한 연구 과정에서 잠재적으로 발생 가능한 영양 및 기능성 성분에 대한 상호관계를 탐색 연구하는 연구가 계속적으로 시도되어야 할 것이다. Relationships between fatty acids and tocopherols in conventional and genetically modified peanut cultivars were studied by gas chromatography with flame ion detector and high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Eight fatty acids and four tocopherol isomers in the sample set were identified and quantified. Oleic acid and linoleic acid are major fatty acids and the ratio of oleic and linoleic acids ranged from 1.11 to 16.26. Tocopherols contents were 6.76 to 12.24 for α-tocopherol (T), 0.08 to 0.39 for β-T, 5.28 to 15.02 for γ-T, and 0.17 to 1.17 mg/100 g for δ-T. Correlation coefficient (r) for fatty acids and tocopherols indicated a strong inverse relationship between oleic & linoleic acids (r=-0.97, P<0.05) and positive relationships between palmitic & linoleic acids (r=0.95, P<0.05) and γ-T & δ-T (r=0.83, P<0.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) of fatty acids and tocopherols gave four significant principal components (PCs, with eigenvalues>1), which together account for 85.49% of the total variance in the data set with PC1 and PC2 contributing 45.27% and 21.33% of the total variability, respectively. Eigen analysis of the correlation matrix loadings of the four significant PCs revealed that PC1 was mainly contributed by palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and gondoic acids, while PC2 was by behenic acid, β-T, and γ-T. The score plot generated by PC1-PC2 identified sample clusters in the two spatial planes based on the oleic and linoleic acids. The score plot PC3-PC4 didn"t separate sample groups.

Interaction effect of tocopherol homologs with peppermint extract on the iron-catalyzed oxidation of soybean oil-in-water emulsion

김지희,최은옥 한국식품과학회 2019 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.28 No.6

Interaction between tocopherol homologs andpeppermint extract added to oil-in-water emulsions wasstudied during iron-catalyzed oxidation. Emulsions consistedof tocopherol-stripped soybean oil and citrate buffer(4:6, w/w) with/without addition of peppermint extract(400 mg/kg) and a-, c-, or d-tocopherol (600 mg/kg), andwere oxidized in the iron presence at 25 C. Lipid oxidationof emulsions was evaluated based on hydroperoxidecontents and p-anisidine values. Lipid oxidative stability ofemulsions was improved by added peppermint extract, andco-added c- and d-tocopherols further reduced lipid oxidation,however, a-tocopherol increased it. Tocopherolcontents did not change during oxidation. Polyphenoldegradation in the emulsion with added peppermint extractwas lower and slower by c- and d-tocopherols, however, atocopherolshowed opposite results. The results suggestthat co-addition of tocopherols to the emulsion containingpeppermint extract shift a major role of polyphenols asantioxidants from scavenging lipid (peroxy) radicals totocopherol radical scavenging.