유아의 자아존중감과 자아탄력성이 행복감에 미치는 영향

김은주,이시자 한국보육학회 2015 한국보육학회지 Vol.15 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of young children’s self-esteem and self-resilience on their happiness in order to provide the information on the internal factors that affect the young children’s happiness. In that regard, the study measured the self-esteem, self-resilience, and happiness of 98 five year olds and analysed the relationship and relative influence between them. The result showed, first of all, that, in terms of gender, girls felt higher level of happiness than boys, and that, in terms of birth order, the level of happiness was high in the order of the children with the second and above order, the only children, and the children with the first order, although the differences among the groups were not statistically significant. Secondly, it showed the positive relationship between the self-esteem, self-resilience, and happiness of the young children. Particularly, the relationship between young children’s self-resilience and happiness was significantly higher than that between their self-esteem and happiness, Thirdly, regarding the relative influence of the sub-factors of self-esteem and those of self-resilience on happiness, the sub-factors initiative and self-control of self-resilience explained, respectively 57% and 8% of the young children's happiness thereas the sub-factors of self-esteem didn't show any significance in explaining the young children's happiness. In line with the result, this study proposed the need of such efforts to enhance young children's happiness by way of cultivating initiative and self-control. 본 연구는 유아의 자아존중감과 자아탄력성이 행복감에 미치는 영향에 관해 조사하여 유아의 행복감에 영향을 미치는 내적 요인에 관한 정보를 제공하기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 만 5세 유아 98명을 대상으로 그들의 자아존중감과 자아탄력성 그리고 행복감을 측정하고 그 관련성과 상대적 영향력을 분석하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 유아의 성별에 따른 차이에 있어 남아보다 여아가 높은 수준의 행복감을 느끼는 것으로 나타났으며, 또한 출생순위에 있어서는 둘째이상, 외동, 첫째 순으로 행복감의 정도가 높게 나왔으나 집단 간에는 유의미한 차이가 확인되지 않았다. 둘째, 유아의 자아존중감, 자아탄력성, 행복감은 서로 정적인 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 유아의 자아탄력성과 행복감 간의 관련성이 자아존중감과 행복감 간의 관련성 보다 더 높은 유의 수준에서 의미 있게 나타났다. 셋째, 유아의 자아존중감 하위요인과 자아탄력성 하위요인이 행복감에 미치는 상대적 영향력은 자아존중감의 경우 유의미한 설명력을 확인하지 못하였으나, 자아탄력성의 하위요인에 있어서는 주도성이 57%, 자기통제력이 8%의 설명력을 가짐으로써 유아의 행복감과 관련하여 총 65%의 설명력을 확인하였다. 이런 결과와 관련하여 본 연구는 유아의 주도적 역할 수행과 자기통제력의 함양을 통해 유아의 행복감을 높이기 위한 노력이 필요함을 제안하였다.

과학교육 관련 자기이해와 변화역량 조사 도구 개발 및 적용 -초등예비교사의 인식을 중심으로-

조광희 ( Kwanghee Jo ),정용재 ( Yong Jae Joung ),최재혁 ( Jaehyeok Choi ),김희경 ( Heekyong Kim ) 한국과학교육학회 2018 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.38 No.6

본 연구는 초등예비교사들을 대상으로 과학교육 관련 자기이해와 변화역량에 대한 인식 조사 도구를 개발하고, 이를 활용하여 초등예비교사들이 가지고 있는 자기이해와 자신의 변화역량에 대한 인식을 조사하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 먼저 선행 연구 검토와 토론 등을 거쳐 초등예비교사들의 자기이해와 변화역량에 대한 인식 조사 도구를 제작하였다. 설문지의 전반부는 자기이해와 관련되는데 ‘자기개념명료성’, ‘진로정체성’, ‘자기효능감’을 요인으로 하여, ‘초등예비교사로서의 자기이해’(12개 문항)와 ‘초등과학예비교사로서의 자기이해’(12개 문항)에 대한 내용으로 구성하였다. 설문지의 후반부는 ‘변화감수성’, ‘목표의식’, ‘협력’, ‘성찰’, ‘숙달’을 요인으로 하는 변화역량에 관한 내용으로, ‘일반적인 변화역량’(17개 문항)과 ‘초등예비교사로서의 변화역량’(17개 문항), ‘초등과학예비교사로서의 변화역량’(17개 문항)에 대하여 각각 인식 조사 문항을 작성하였다. 이 조사도구를 사용하여 153명의 초등예비교사들을 대상으로 자기이해와 변화역량에 대한 인식을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 초등예비교사들은 자기이해와 변화역량에 대해 대체로 긍정적인 인식을 가지고 있었지만 초등과학예비교사로서의 자기이해와 변화역량에 대한 인식은 상대적으로 덜 긍정적이었다. 둘째, 초등과학예비교사로서의 자기이해와 변화역량 요인들은 대체로 유의미한 상관을 가지고 있었으며, 특히 자기이해의 ‘자기효능감’과 변화역량의 ‘목표의식’, ‘숙달’ 사이에 높은 상관이 있었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 자기이해와 변화역량 관련 과학 교육을 위한 몇 가지 시사점에 대해 논의하였다. The purpose of this study is to develop the questionnaire on pre-service elementary teachers’ recognition of self-understanding and change capacity for science education and to investigate their recognitions with it. At the beginning of the study, we made a tool to investigate the self-understanding and change capacity of pre-service elementary teachers through literature review and discussions. The former half of the questionnaire was related to self-understanding with factors such as ‘self-concept clarity,’ ‘career identity’ and ‘self-efficacy:’ ‘self-understanding as a pre-service elementary teacher’ (12 items) and ‘self-understanding as a pre-service elementary science teacher’ (12 items). Its latter half was about the change capacity with factors such as ‘change sensitivity,’ ‘goal consciousness,’ ‘collaboration,’ ‘reflection,’ and ‘mastery.’ It consisted of three parts: ‘general change capacity,’ ‘change capacity as a pre-service elementary teacher’ and ‘change capacity as a pre-service elementary science teacher’ with 17 items, respectively. With this tool, we surveyed 153 pre-service elementary teachers. The results are as follows: First, pre-service elementary teachers have a positive recognition about self-understanding and change capacity, but the recognition of self-understanding and change capacity as pre-service elementary science teachers were relatively less positive. Second, factors of self-understanding and change capacity as pre-service elementary science teachers have a significant correlation with each other. Especially, there was a high correlation between ‘self-efficacy’ of self-understanding and ‘goal consciousness’ and ‘mastery’ of change capacity. Based on these results, some implications for self-understanding and change capacity related to science education were discussed.

Self-Differentiation and Depression of Parents of Children with Disabilities : Mediating Effects of Self-Efficacy

정영숙(Young Sook Chung) 한국장애인재활협회 2017 재활복지 Vol.21 No.3

본 연구에서는 105명의 장애자녀 부모를 대상으로 자아분화가 우울감에 미치는 영향을 규명하고 두 변수 간에 자기효능감의 매개효과가 유의한지를 분석하였다. 회귀분석을 적용한 결과, 변수 간의 관계를 가정한 가설들이 모두 채택되는 것으로 나타났다. 자아분화는 자기효능감에 유의한 영향을 미치고, 자기효능감은 우울과 부적 관계가 있어 자기효능감이 높아질수록 우울 증상이 약화되는 것으로 파악되었다. 그리고 매개변수인 자기효능감은 자아분화와 우울 간의 관계에서 간접효과가 작게는 24% 에서 크게는 100%에 가까운 것으로 나타나 자기효능감이 자아분화 요인별로 부분 매개 또는 완전 매개 역할을 한다는 것을 말해 준다. 이러한 결과는 장애자녀 부모의 자기효능감을 높이기 위해서는 먼저 자아분화 수준을 높여야 하고, 그로 인해 자기효능감이 향상되면 우울에서 벗어날 수 있다는 것을 시사한다. 자아분화 요인들 중 사회정서기능과 자아통합은 자기효능감을 높이는 방향으로 작용하는데 비해 가족투사, 가족회귀, 정서단절은 자기효능감을 낮추는 경향이 있다. 이러한 정적, 부적 관계는 자기효능감을 거쳐 우울감과 맥락을 같이 한다. 본 연구결과는 장애자녀 부모의 우울을 치료하고 심리적 재활 능력을 증진시키기 위한 상담 및 임상에 적용할 수 있는 실증적 자료와 이론적 근거를 제공한다는 점에서 의미가 있을 것이다. This study examines the mediating effects of self-efficacy between self-differentiation and depression by analyzing 105 parents who have at least one child with a disability. Regression analysis confirmed all hypothesis between self-differentiation, self-efficacy, and depression. There exists partially or complete mediation. That is the indirect effect on depression, self-efficacy explains the relationships between self-differentiation and depression to be as minimum as 24 percent to as maximum as 100 percent. This demonstrates that the self-efficacy significantly affects the relationship between self-differentiation and depression. Findings of this study recommend that self-efficacy should be enhanced through improving the level of self-differentiation. The results also imply that rehabilitation counselors need to understand the way of improving self-efficacy as well as the fact that the influencing factors of self-differentiation on self-efficacy is important. The findings of this study are informative for researchers, educators, and clinicians for mental health and psychological rehabilitation who assist the parents of children with disabilities.

장애학생의 일반교육과정 접근과 전환을 위한 자기결정 증진의 영향 및 효과적 중재방안 고찰

이숙향 한국특수교육학회 2008 특수교육학연구 Vol.43 No.1

Promoting self-determination has been considered as an effective strategy to enhance both access to the general education and transition outcomes for students with disabilities. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of and interventions for promoting self- determination by reviewing Korean literature related to self-determination published from 1997 to 2007. Based on the criteria suggested in this study, a total of 67 articles were identified. The articles were categorized into four themes that come from the research questions in this study including: (1) impact of promoting self-determination (self-determination as an independent variable), (2) interventions for promoting self-determination (self-determination as a dependent variable), (3) perceptions on self-determination, and (4) issues of special education related to self- determination. After analyzing these articles using the four themes, each article was analyzed with various sub-variables across the four themes such as published years, journal titles, research methods, participants, settings, instruments, and types of independent variables. Based on the findings of this study, implications for application of and future research on self-determination are provided, along with the information about current trends of self- determination research, as follows: (1) enhancement of impact of self-determination by applying effective intervention for self-determination, (2) development of program to promote self-determination and dissemination of information about best practices, (3) conceptualization of self-determination in Korean cultural context, and (4) extension of scope of research on self-determination. 장애 학생의 자기결정 증진은 성공적인 성인기 전환뿐만 아니라 일반교육과정 접근 향상을 위한 효과적인 교수전략으로서도 그 중요성이 인정되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 장애학생의 일반교육과정 접근과 전환을 위한 자기결정 증진의 영향 및 효과적 중재방안을 고찰하고자 1997년부터 2007년까지의 자기결정에 대한 국내문헌들 중 67편을 최종 선정하여 심층적인 분석을 실시했다. 선정된 문헌들은 연구문제에 의거하여 일차적으로 다음 4가지 연구주제((1) 자기결정 증진의 영향(자기결정이 독립변인인 경우), (2) 자기결정 증진을 위한 중재방법(자기결정이 종속변인인 경우), (3) 자기결정에 대한 인식, (4) 자기결정관련 특수교육쟁점)별로 분석되었고, 이어 각 주제별로 발표연도 및 학술지, 연구방법, 연구대상, 연구환경, 측정도구 및 독립변인 유형 등과 같은 다양한 변인에 따라 세부 분석이 이루어졌다. 분석결과에 준하여 자기결정의 연구동향과 장애학생의 전환과 일반교육과정 접근을 위한 자기결정 증진의 현장 적용 및 미래 연구를 위한 제언들이 제공되었다.

전문대학생의 셀프리더십이 자기효능감과 취업스트레스에 미치는 영향

장은주,이숙정 한국산업교육학회 2016 산업교육연구 Vol.33 No.-

본 연구는 전문대학생의 셀프리더십이 자기효능감과 취업스트레스에 미치는 영향을 연구하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 천안소재 B전문대학교 신입생 378명을 대상으로 셀프리더십, 자기효능감, 취업스트레스에 대해 설문을 실시하였고, 각 변인들간의 관계를 분석하였다. 또한 양적분석 자료를 보완하기 위해 설문에 참가한 연구대상자 중 총 6명(남학생 3명, 여학생 3명)을 대상으로 반구조화된 면담을 실시하였다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 리더 경험이나 리더십교육 참여 경험이 있는 집단의 셀프리더십이 그렇지 않은 집단보다 높게 나타나 셀프리더십이 교육을 통해 학습되어질 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 둘째, 졸업 후 희망진로가 취업/창업집단의 취업스트레스가 진학/고시 집단의 취업스트레스 보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 전문대학교의 특성상 졸업 후 취업을 해야 한다는 부담감을 학생들은 입학과 동시에 느끼고 있다고 해석할 수 있다. 셋째, 전문대학생의 셀프리더십, 자기효능감, 취업 스트레스의 상관관계분석 결과 셀프리더십과 취업스트레스, 자기효능감과 취업 스트레스는 유의한 부적 상관이 나타났다. 넷째, 셀프리더십은 자기효능감을 완전매개하여 취업스트레스에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 셀프리더십을 개발하면 자기효능감이 향상되어 취업스트레스는 감소하는 것을 알 수 있다. 다섯째, 인터뷰를 결과 연구대상자 개인이 인식하는 취업스트레스와 졸업 후 진로에 대한 준비행동에 있어 취업스트레스가 있다고 진술했으나 취업준비행동을 구체적으로 실천하고 있는 경우와 취업스트레스가 없다고 진술했으나 취업준비행동을 실천하지 못하는 경우를 확인하였다. 이는 전문대학생에게 자신이 생각하는 목표실현을 위해 실천행동이 뒤따를 수 있도록 자기인식을 돕는 리더십 교육이 필요함을 시사한다. This study aims at researching effects of the college student’s self-leadership on self-efficiency and job-seeking stress. For doing so, participants were 378 freshmen of B college located in Cheonan City, researcher looked into differences of self-leadership, self-efficacy, and job-seeking stress according to demographic characteristics, and investigated correlations between self-leadership and self-efficacy, between job-seeking stress. In order to back insufficient parts of the data, total 6 students (3 male students, 3 female students) were selected, and then half-structured interview technique was executed. Main research results are same as follows if summarizing it. First, self-leadership of the group that experienced participations in leadership educations or did leader roles was turned out to be higher than the opposite students, so a fact could be confirmed that self-leadership could be leant through educations. Second, job-seeking stress of employment/business startup group came out to be higher than that of course/examination group regarding desired career after graduation. This could be interpreted such like college students felt burdens of having to do employment after graduation right after college entrance according to characteristics of colleges. Third, results of carrying out Pearson Correlation Analysis, significant negative correlation was shown between self-leadership and job-seeking stress, self-efficacy and job-seeking stress. Fourth, self-leadership affected influences to employment stress by totally mediating self-efficacy. That is, job-seeking stress is decreased if developing self-leadership because self-efficacy is improved accordingly. Fifth, as a result of executing interviews, In addition, cases were confirmed such like some students were practicing behaviors for employment preparations even though stating they had job-seeking stress in being aware as research-objecting individual and preparing behaviors for careers after graduation, but other students did not practice preparing behaviors for employment even though they had not job-seeking stress. It could be interpreted that leadership educations helping self-awareness are necessary so that practicing behaviors are followed by college students in order to achieve goal realization as their own desires.

표상개입모형을 통한 가정폭력 이혼여성의 자기표상 변화: 표상수준과 특징을 중심으로

이정희,정소희 사단법인 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2017 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.7 No.7

The objective of this study is to have an in-depth understanding of the changing process of divorced women due to domestic violence seen through the representative intervention model. To that end, we had in-depth interviews with each of those women who experienced the reproduction of maltreatment relationships from their growth period to marriage to divorce and thereafter. The surveyed data were analyzed, revealing the findings of this study as follows. First, self-representation change process progressed in the following order; self-abuse status making it difficult to distinguish between the target and the self; being divided into the abusing-self and hopeful-self but partially self-perceived status; having a center self; being partially connected to and integrated into the center self, which led to the description of self-representation. Second, the five self-representation change stages seen in the representative intervention model consisted of the divisive self-representation, impulsive self-representation, defensive self-representation, differentiated self-representation, and integrated self-representation, undergoing sequential and non-sequential changes alike. Change promotion factors included the acquisition of distinction through exploration by the unit of target relationship, a lack of resolution based on moral defense, center-self utilization and consistent self-description. Thus, the representative intervention model for the examination of self-representation changes in divorced women due to domestic violence was proved to be effective in distinguishing the divisive, confused self-representation status, in connecting the target relationships by unit, and in integrating center self, thereby reconstructing the self-representation. It was also found that the reconstructed self-representation through the representative intervention model had to include the internalization process through the repeated training in changing to a stable self-representation from the non-internalized self-representation. 본 연구는 표상개입모형을 통해 나타난 가정폭력 이혼여성의 자기표상의 변화과정을 심층적으로 이해하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 성장기부터 결혼생활, 이혼 후까지 학대관계의 재연을 경험한 여성을 대상으로 심층적인 개별면담을 통하여 자료를 수집하고 분석하였으며 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 자기표상의 변화과정에서 나타난 자기표상의 내용적 변화는 대상과 자기의 구분이 어려운 학대자기 상태, 학대자기와 희망자기로 분열되었으나 부분적 감별의 상태, 자아도취적인 자기 속에 중심자아가 나타나는 상태, 중심자아로 부분적으로 연결되고 통합되어 긍정적인 자기표상기술의 상태의 순으로 나타났다. 둘째, 표상개입모형을 통해 나타난 자기표상의 변화단계는 분열적 자기표상, 충동적인 자기표상, 방어적 자기표상, 분화적 자기표상, 통합적 자기표상의 5단계로 순차적, 비순차적 변화를 나타내었다. 따라서 가정폭력 이혼여성의 자기표상 변화에 있어서 표상개입모형은 분열되어 혼란스러운 자기표상의 상태를 감별하고 대상관계 단위별로 연결하며, 중심자아를 통해 통합함으로 자기표상을 재구성하는데 효과적임을 알 수 있다. 표상개입모형을 통해 재구성된 자기표상은 내면화 되기 전의 자기표상이므로 반복된 훈습과정을 통하여 재구성된 자기표상을 내면화하고 안정적으로 구축하는 것이 필요할 것이다.

AI 영어 말하기 앱 활용 자기주도학습이 학습자들의 자기주도학습 능력과 영어 말하기 성취에 미치는 효과

진승희 글로벌영어교육학회 2022 Studies in English education Vol.27 No.3

The current study investigated the effects of self-directed learning through implementing Artificial Intelligence (AI)-integrated smartphone speaking application (app) into an EFL classroom on undergraduate learners’ self-directed learning ability and speaking skills. A total of 76 students participated in this study and they were assigned to an experimental group 1 (n=26), an experimental group 2 (n=25) and a control group (n=25). Over a semester, the experimental group 1 engaged in self-directed learning through AI speaking apps and the experimental group 2 participated in AI speaking app-assisted language learning without self-directed learning while the control group participated in traditional speaking activities without the aid of AI speaking apps and self-directed learning. To collect data for this study, 1) a pre- and post-questionnaire on self-directed learning abilities and 2) a pre- and post-test on speaking skills were administered for each group. The results showed that self-directed learning through AI speaking app was effective in increasing the participants’ self-directed learning ability and speaking proficiency. However, the other two groups show no significant improvement in their self-directed learning abilities. This study suggests that self-directed learning through AI speaking apps offers many opportunities to practice speaking and is useful to develop students’ self-directed leaning abilities and speaking skills.

셀프 퍼블리싱(self-publishing) 플랫폼 현황 연구

구모니카(Gu, Monika) 한국전자출판학회 2012 전자출판연구 Vol.- No.1

디지털 플랫폼에서의 읽기/쓰기는 읽기/쓰기 문화 자체의 혁명을 이끌고 있다. 선형성, 서사성, 전문성, 권위를 새롭게 규정하거나 초월하는 식으로 읽기/쓰기의 생산과 소비 시스템 자체의 변혁을 일으키고 있는 것이다. 연구자는 이를 디지털 읽기/쓰기의‘일상성’에 초점을 맞춰 새로운 용어로 규정하고자, ‘디지텔링(digitelling)’으로 명명한 바 있다. 이러한 디지텔링의 논리는 출판 현장에서 셀프 퍼블리싱(self-publishing)이라는 방식으로 급부상하고 있다. 셀프 퍼블리싱은‘닫힌 책’, ‘전문가적 콘텐츠’가 가지는 본래적 가치-절대적 진리-와 디지털 테크놀로지가 만나 새로운 가치-‘열린 지식과 정보’, ‘일상적 콘텐츠’-를 창출하는 중이다. 하지만 일반 대중이 기존의 책이나 글에 대해 가지고 있던 까다로운 기준과 요구는 여전히-그 수단이 어떤 형태로 바뀌었든, 그 주제와 내용이 무엇이 되었든-, ‘작가’가 되고자 하는 데에 있다. (‘잘 쓰고’ 싶고, ‘좋은 글’을 읽고 싶다.) 결국 셀프 퍼블리싱의 발전 방향은 대중들의 상상력과 창조력을 최대한 발휘케 하여‘열린 콘텐츠’를 수용하는 동시에 과거 절대적 진리였던 책이 지녔던 가치를 반영한 절충안으로서의 ‘적절한 기준’을 마련하는 데 있다. 이러한 기준의 마련을 위해 국내외 셀프 퍼블리싱 플랫폼 현황-아마존, 애플, 반즈앤노블, 인터파크, SK텔레콤, 교보문고, 조선일보, KT텔레콤-을 진단한 뒤, 문제점을 살펴보았다. 공통된 문제점은① 콘텐츠의 질적 수준 ② 장르 편중 현상③ 플랫폼사의 구색 맞추기식 운용④ 무료 전자책의 남발⑤ 불법 스팸 출간(저작권 침해) 등으로 파악되었다. 이에 셀프 퍼블리싱의 발전을 위해 필요한 사항으로 디지털 읽기/쓰기에 대한 수용자 문화 확립, 기획-집필-편집-제작 과정의 필터링 필요성 대두, 셀프 퍼블리싱 플랫폼 기업의 자정 노력 요구, 기성 출판사와 편집자의 적극적 수용 의지, 저자-플랫폼-출판사-편집자의 합리적 관계 정립을 제안하였다. Digital platform s reading and writing bring about revolution of reading and writing culture. This researcher studied digital technology based ordinary reading and writing phenomena , and as a result, suggested that now is the time to reconceptualize reading and writing behavior of digital contents, and proposed the term Digitelling to the academic circles, and in doing so, lighted up digital reading and writing phenomena again. These logic of digitelling realized as self-publishing phenomena . At length, self-publishing is creating a new value -‘open knowledge and information’ and ‘ordinary contents - combining with digital technology and the original value of the closed books and professional contents (which was an absolute truth). The self-publishing should be aimed at making people who are writers as well as readers show their imagination and creativity as possible as they could to accept open contents , and at the same time, coming up with proper standards as a compromise reflecting the value of the past book as absolute truth. To make these proper standards , we look into the state of Self-Publishing Platforms draw some issues of Self-Publishing Platforms.; 1. Quality of Contents 2. Genre preponderant phenomenon 3. Platform companies only trend-following service 4. Reckless spreading of free e-books 5. Publication of illicit spam books(Infringement of copyright) 6. Distrust and indifference of readers. Therefore, this researcher suggest several measures for developing Self-Publishing; 1. Establishment of the culture of those who accept digital reading and writing 2. Emerge of necessity for filtering in the planning-writing-editing-producing process 3. Self-publishing platform companies self-cleaning efforts 4. The active acceptance will of the existing publishing companies and editors 5. Establishing reasonable relationship between author - platform companies - publishing companies - editors.

방송·통신 영역에서 자율규제와 법제도 구성에 관한 고찰

이부하 충북대학교 법학연구소 2023 과학기술과 법 Vol.14 No.2

Self-regulation can be defined as “an organized business group self-regulating the actions of its members to protect users.” If there is a need to respect the autonomous discipline of the business organization itself in a specific field, it would be good to introduce a self-regulation system. In newly emerging areas, areas that are rapidly changing or areas that require specialized or policy considerations, would be appropriate for business organizations in those areas to self-regulate because existing legal regulations do not reflect reality or cannot properly reflect reality. Even if a self-regulation system is introduced, the degree of legal intervention in the self-regulation system of business organizations may vary depending on the characteristics of the industry. If the scope of the area is diverse or subject to frequent change, the scope of self-regulation may be narrowed due to strong legal intervention, and in areas dealing with detailed, technical, and specialized matters, the private sector should be able to demonstrate efficiency and expertise. It is desirable to reduce the degree of legal intervention through self-regulation. In relation to freedom of speech, due to the constitutional order to guarantee the public’s freedom of expression as much as possible, state regulation should be minimized, and self-regulation by business organizations to replace it is judged to be effective. In addition, due to the emergence of new technologies and technological advancement in the field of broadcasting and communications, regulation by the existing positive system for industries in this field makes efficient industrial development difficult. However, as the provision of information through social media, Internet news, OTT services etc., the side effects caused by digital media exceeded a certain level and reached a level of social conflict and infringement of other people’s rights, countries around the world have started to regulate illegal information through national legal regulations. Self-regulation was judged to be insufficient to prevent the creation and distribution of false information, hate speech, etc. In order for a self-regulatory system to operate properly, it is important to secure the democratic legitimacy of self-regulatory organizations, operational transparency, independence, and enforcement of regulations. The German self-regulatory organization for multimedia service providers is the German Self-Regulation Organization for Multimedia Service Providers(FSM). The German Youth and Media Protection Committee approved FSM, a self-regulatory organizationy, to protect youth from media content. The United States is a country that operates a representative private self-regulation system. However, direct administrative regulations have recently become more prominent in the broadcasting and communications fields due to issues such as unfair trade or monopoly. The UK's self-regulatory organization is the Internet Watch Foundation(IWF). IWF carries out tasks such as deleting posts related to child sexual abuse, blocking access, and preventing search/access, and is operating a hotline as the most basic activity to make this possible. The Australian Communications and Media Authority(ACMA) is the broadcasting and communications regulator. ACMA is a government-affiliated organization and is a co-regulation model between the government and the private sector that supports and cooperates in the establishment of industry codes. The self-regulation system stipulated in Korea’s Information and Communications Network Act is actually close to administrative regulation. It is appropriate for information and communication service provider organizations to determine and implement a code of conduct for information and communication service providers, rather than a matter to be stipulated in the Information and Communications Network Act, and for information and communication service provider organizations to make ...

자기선물과 조절초점

박소진 ( Park Sojin ) 경남대학교 산업경영연구소 2020 지역산업연구 Vol.43 No.1

사람들은 다양한 동기와 상황에서 나를 위한 선물을 구매한다. 자기선물은 크게 두 가지 유형으로 구분할 수 있는데, 개인적 목표를 달성하였을 때 보상적 의미로서의 자기선물과 목표 달성에 실패하였을 때 치유적 의미로서의 자기선물이다. 본 연구는 자기선물을 하는 이 두 가지 상황(과업의 성공과 실패)과 개인의 조절초점(향상초점 vs. 방어초점)이 자기선물구매의도에 미치는 효과를 검증하였다. 분석결과, 과업의 실패상황보다는 성공상황에서 자기선물구매의도가 더 높았으며, 방어초점 성향의 소비자보다 향상초점 성향의 소비자가 자기선물구매의도가 더 높았다. 그리고 자기선물상황과 조절초점성향이 자기선물구매의도에 미치는 상호작용효과를 발견하였다. 구체적으로, 과업의 성공상황에서는 향상초점 소비자들이 방어초점 소비자보다 자기선물구매의도가 약간 높았으나 그 차이가 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 반면, 실패상황에서는 향상초점 소비자들이 방어초점 소비자들보다 자기선물구매의도가 매우 유의하게 높았다. 이와 같은 결과는 향상초점 소비자들이 방어초점 소비자보다 자기선물을 구매하는 것에 대하여 더 정당하다고 생각하기 때문으로 해석할 수 있다. People purchase gifts for themselves with diverse motives and in various situations. Self-gifting can be divided into two categories; self-gifting as a reward for achieving individual goal and self-gifting as consolation for failing individual goal. This study verifies the effects of self-gifting context (success and failure) and individual's regulatory focus (promotion vs prevention) on self-gifting purchase intention. The results showed that self-gifting purchase intention was higher in success situation than failure situation and that promotion-oriented consumers had higher self-gifting purchase intention than prevention-oriented consumers. This study also discovers an interaction effect between self-gifting context and individual's regulatory focus on self-gifting purchase intention. In success situation, promotion-oriented consumers had slightly higher self-gifting purchase intention than prevention-oriented consumers but the difference was not statistically significant. In contrast, in failure situation, promotion-oriented consumers had considerably higher self-gifting purchase intention than prevention-oriented consumers and the difference was very statistically significant. These results can be interpreted as promotion-oriented consumers feeling more deservingness in purchasing gifts for themselves than prevention-oriented consumers.