Comparison of the Intraperitoneal, Retroorbital and per Oral Routes for F-18 FDG Administration as Effective Alternatives to Intravenous Administration in Mouse Tumor Models Using Small Animal PET/CT Studies

Kim, Chul-Han,Kim, In-Hye,Kim, Seo-Il,Kim, Young-Sang,Kang, Se-Hun,Moon, Seung-Hwan,Kim, Tae-Sung,Kim, Seok-Ki The Korea Society of Nuclear Medicine 2011 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.45 No.3

Purpose We compared alternative routes for $^{18}F$-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) administration, such as the retroorbital (RO), intraperitoneal (IP) and per oral (PO) routes, with the intravenous (IV) route in normal tissues and tumors of mice. Materials and Methods CRL-1642 (ATCC, Lewis lung carcinoma) cells were inoculated in female BALB/c-nu/nu mice 6 to 10 weeks old. When the tumor grew to about 9 mm in diameter, positron emission tomography (PET) scans were performed after FDG administration via the RO, IP, PO or IV route. Additional serial PET scans were performed using the RO, IV or IP route alternatively from 5 to 29 days after the tumor cell injection. Results There was no significant difference in the FDG uptake in normal tissues at 60 min after FDG administration via RO, IP and IV routes. PO administration, however, showed delayed distribution and unwanted high gastrointestinal uptake. Tumoral uptake of FDG showed a similar temporal pattern and increased until 60 min after FDG administration in the RO, IP and IV injection groups. In the PO administration group, tumoral uptake was delayed and reduced. There was no statistical difference among the RO, IP and IVadministration groups for additional serial PET scans. Conclusion RO administration is an effective alternative route to IV administration for mouse FDG PET scans using normal mice and tumor models. In addition, IP administration can be a practical alternative in the late phase, although the initial uptake is lower than those in the IV and RO groups.

딥러닝을 활용한 악성코드 분류 문제 고찰과 회색조 이미지 변환을 통한 암호화 파일 탐지

박건호(Gunho Park),고상준(Sanjun Ko),유안지(Anji Yoo),김성보(Seongbo Kim),신동명(Dongmyung Shin) 한국정보과학회 2020 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2020 No.12

다이옥신 해독제로 개발 중인 DIOS-1의 약물동태

박승혁, 정성우, 정연복 충북대학교 약품자원개발연구소 2013 약학논문집 Vol.28 No.-

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of DIOS-1, a potential antidote of dioxins, in rats. We also investigated the administration routes such as oral, intramuscular and subcutaneous route. For this purpose, HPLC analysis method usig UV detector was developed. the plasma concentration of DIOS-1 was disappeared by 20 min after its i.v. administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg. The half lives at α-phase and β-phase were 6.47 min and 29.6 min, respectively. The plasma peak concentration (Cmax) of DIOS-1 after its i.m. ofr s.c. administration at the dose 10mg/kg was 10 ug/ml (tmax=10 min). The absorption rate constant was comparable between i.m. and s.c. route. The bioavailability (79.0%) of DIOS-1 after s.c. administration was significantly larger than that (58.9%) of i.m. route. Thus, s.c. route was considered to be useful compared with i.m. route for the DIOS-1 administration. On the other hand, the plasm concentration of DIOS-1 was not detected after its oral administration at the dose of 100 mg/kg, suggesting that DIOS-1 may not be absorbed in oral route. On the basis of the simulation results, the accumulation in the body was not demonstrated with DIOS-1 s.c administration at the dose of 10 mg/kg for the dosing interval of 24 hr. In conclusion, s.c. route was considered to be useful for the DIOS-1 administration.

흡수경로에 따른 약물동태학적 고찰

박민철,김환영,조은희,Park, Min-Cheol,Kim, Hwan-Yeong,Jo, Eun-Hee 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2009 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.22 No.3

Objective : The purpose of this study is to search for more effective administraion route of herbal medicine. Methods : Pharmacokinetic issues with the methods in experimental papers, which deal with finding the effectiveness of two or more administration routes of herbal medicine, searched from KERIS, KSI, KISTI and KTKP, have been analyzed by, first, categorizing the papers and comparing the validity of administration routes. Results and Conclusions : 1. Upon comparing in total of 24 papers on the basis of each administration route, per oral(PO)-herbal acupuncture(HA) was most superior in terms of number in that there were 13 cases and PO-per rectal(PR) was next superior in that there were 5 cases. PO-per dermal(PD)-inhalation therapy(IT), PO-IT and PO-PR-HA had 3, 2 and 1 cases respectively. 2. Out of the total 24 papers which compares different administration routes, 16 of them were pharmacokinetically appropriate, whereas, the remaining 8 were pharmacokinetically inappropriate. 3. Comparisons were made between PO-HA, PO-PR, PO-IT, PO-PD-IT and PO-PR-HA routes. However, none of them was not particularly effective regardless of the administered medicine or target organ. 4. No route was particularly effective against a particular drug target as a result of comparing damaged liver, asthma, endometriosis and anti-inflammation. 5. In the case of Injinhotang in medicine comparison, HA tended to be more associated with hepatotoxicity over PO. However, Cordyceps Militaris Mycelia, Gagamsohaphyangwon and Hongdeungtang showed no prominent effective administration route.

Comparison of Positron Emission Tomography(PET) imagingbased initial in vivo pharmacokinetics by administration routes of [18F]FDG

최이슬,박장우,이은상,김옥선,정혜경 대한방사성의약품학회 2021 Journal of radiopharmaceuticals and molecular prob Vol.7 No.2

In this study, the initial in vivo pharmacokinetic changes according to the routes of drug administration were investigated using bioimaging techniques. The purpose of this study was to quantify the degree of distribution in each main organ over time to normal mice by intravenous, intraperitoneal or per oral routes by acquiring Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography images while administering Fluorine-18 fluoro-deoxy-glucose, a representative diagnostic radiopharmaceutical. Dynamic Positron Emission Tomography images were acquired for 90 minutes after drug administration. Radioactivity uptake was calculated for major organs using the PMOD program. In the case of intravenous administration, it was confirmed that it spreads quickly and evenly to major organs. Compared to intravenous administration, intraperitoneal administration was about three times more absorbed and distributed in the liver and intestine, and it was showed that the amount of excretion to the bladder was more than twice. In the case of oral administration, most stayed in the stomach, and it was showed that it spreads slowly throughout the body. In comparison with intravenous administration, it was presented that the distribution to the kidneys was more than 9 times and the distribution to the bladder was more than 3 times lower. Since there is a difference in the initial in vivo distribution and excretion of each administration method, we confirmed that the determination of the administration route is important for in vivo imaging evaluation of new drug candidates.

Randomized trial to compare the dosage of darbepoetin alfa by administration route in haemodialysis patients

KIM, CHAN-DUCK,PARK, SUN-HEE,KIM, DAE-JOONG,PARK, JONG-WON,DO, JUN-YOUNG,SHIN, SUK-KYUN,KIM, BEOM-SEOK,SEO, JUNG-JU,KIM, YONG-LIM Blackwell Publishing Asia 2009 Nephrology Vol.14 No.5

<P>SUMMARY</P><P>Aim: </P><P>The doses of darbepoetin alfa required to maintain target haemoglobin levels after s.c. or i.v. administration when recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) treatment was replaced by darbepoetin alfa treatment in haemodialysis (HD) patients were compared.</P><P>Methods: </P><P>In this prospective, randomized, open-label study, 65 HD patients who were receiving stable SC doses of rHuEpo were switched to an equivalent dose of darbepoetin alfa at a reduced frequency by s.c. or i.v. administration. Patients were randomly assigned to the s.c. group (<I>n</I> = 32) or the i.v. group (<I>n</I> = 33). Darbepoetin alfa doses were titrated to maintain target haemoglobin levels of 8.0–11.0 g/dL for up to 24 weeks. A period of 20 weeks was used for dose titration and haemoglobin stabilization. This was followed by a 4 week evaluation period.</P><P>Results: </P><P>The mean haemoglobin concentration during the evaluation period was similar in the s.c. and i.v. groups. The mean dose and mean weight-standardized dose of darbepoetin alfa during the evaluation period tended to be lower in the s.c. group than the i.v. group, although these differences were not statistically significant. The mean weekly darbepoetin alfa dose requirements during the evaluation period significantly decreased in both groups compared to the dose requirements at randomization.</P><P>Conclusion: </P><P>There is a possibility that s.c. administration of darbepoetin alfa is more efficacious than i.v. administration, but a definite benefit cannot be demonstrated with the current sample size. A bigger sample size is needed to confirm the result.</P>

Comparison of Administration Routes on the Protective Effects of Bee Venom Phospholipase A2 in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease

Baek, Hyunjung,Jang, Hyun Il,Jeon, Hat Nim,Bae, Hyunsu Frontiers Media S.A. 2018 FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE Vol.10 No.-

<P>Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. Progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and their synaptic terminal connections in the striatum are main characterizations of PD. Although many efforts have been made to develop therapeutics, no treatment has been proven effective. We previously demonstrated that bvPLA2 can protect dopaminergic neurons by modulating neuroinflammatory responses in an MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine)-induced mouse model of PD. The cellular basis for the neuroprotective response of bvPLA2 was the induction of CD4<SUP>+</SUP>CD25<SUP>+</SUP> regulatory T cells (Tregs), a population known to suppress immune activation and maintain homeostasis and tolerance to self-antigen. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different routes of bvPLA2 administration in a PD mouse model. Neurobehavioral assessment revealed progressive deterioration in locomotor functions of the MPTP group compared with the control group. However, such functions were improved following subcutaneous (s.c.) bvPLA2 administration. The results showed that the s.c. route of bvPLA2 administration contributed to the induction of Treg cells and the reduction of Th1 and Th17 populations, demonstrating that the neuroprotective effects were associated with reduced tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive dopaminergic neurons and microglia. These results suggested that the s.c. bvPLA2 injection could be beneficial for treating aspects of PD.</P>

The Effects of Fat-soluble Vitamin Administration on Plasma Vitamin Status of Nursing Pigs Differ When Provided by Oral Administration or Injection

Jang, Y.D.,Lindemann, M.D.,Monegue, H.J.,Stuart, R.L. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.5

Four experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of fat-soluble vitamin administration to sows or newborn pigs on plasma vitamin status. In Exp. 1 and 2, a total of 24 and 43 newborn pigs were allotted to control and vitamin treatments (vitamin $D_3$ with variable addition of vitamins A and E) orally or by i.m. injection. In Exp. 3, pigs from Exp. 2 were allotted to 2 treatments (${\alpha}$vitamins $D_3$ and E in drinking water) for 14 d postweaning. In Exp. 4, twenty-four gestating sows were used for 2 treatments (${\pm}injection$ of a vitamin $D_3$/A/E product 2 wk prepartum). In Exp. 1 and 2, when vitamin $D_3$ was administrated orally or by i.m. injection on d 1 of age, pigs had increased plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH $D_3$) concentration 10 d after administration compared with control pigs (p<0.05). The injectable administration with vitamin $D_3$ and E was able to achieve higher plasma 25-OH $D_3$ (p<0.05) and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol (p<0.05) concentrations than oral administration. At weaning, the pigs in the injection group had higher plasma 25-OH $D_3$ concentration than those in the other groups in both studies (p<0.05). In Exp. 3, water supplementation of vitamin $D_3$ and E postweaning increased plasma 25-OH $D_3$ and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol concentrations at d 14 postweaning (p<0.01). In Exp. 4, when sows were injected with the vitamin $D_3$ product prepartum, serum 25-OH $D_3$ concentrations of sows at farrowing (p<0.01), and in their progeny at birth (p<0.01) and weaning (p<0.05) were increased. These results demonstrated that fat-soluble vitamin administration to newborn pigs increased plasma 25-OH $D_3$ concentration regardless of administration routes and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol concentration by the injectable route, and that water supplementation of vitamin $D_3$ and E to nursery pigs increased plasma 25-OH $D_3$ and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol concentrations. Additionally, injecting sows with vitamin $D_3$ prepartum increased 25-OH $D_3$ in sows and their offspring. If continued research demonstrates that the serum levels of 25-OH $D_3$ are critical in weanling pigs, a variety of means to increase those levels are available to swine producers.

인간면역결핍바이러스 비감염자에서 발생한 주폐포자충 폐렴 환자군에서 trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole의 투여 경로에 따른 효과 및 안전성 분석

오주영,이경아,김재송,손은선,박무석 한국병원약사회 2017 病院藥師會誌 Vol.34 No.3

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia(PCP), caused by Pneumocystis jiroveci (P. jiroveci), is widespread in immunosuppressed patients. Oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) agents have a high bioavailability and economic benefits, whereas intravenous (IV) agents may result in fluid overload and electrolyte imbalance. Studies on tcost, differences in expected categories of safety could guide the clinician in preferentially choosing the oral administration route, particularly for patients with baseline renal or he effectiveness and safety analysis are insufficient, and most studies are subject to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection status. This study compares the effectiveness and safety based on the route of administration of TMP-SMX, in PCP patients without HIV infection. We retrospectively reviewed 158 patients treated between 2013 and 2015, at the Yonsei University Health system. The therapeutic dose of TMP-SMX was administered for more than 14 days. Efficacy was evaluated by PCP polymerase chain reaction, six-month mortality, conversion rate to 2nd line therapy, ventilator weaning, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, fever and improvement. The safety was evaluated by electrolyte imbalance and fluid imbalance, hematologic side effects, renal, hepatic, and gastrointestinal intolerance, and skin rash occurrence. In 67(42.4%) cases, patients were administrated by the oral route, and 91(57.6%) patients received IV administration. The six-month mortality was significantly lower in the oral administration group (p 0.05). Also, the serum sodium, blood urea nitrogen and serum aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly elevated in the IV administration group (p 0.05). No statistically significant differences were seen in other areas of comparison. In severe cases of PCP, physicians usually administered TMP-SMX through IV. The overall efficacy did not differ among the evaluated subset of patients without HIV infection, who received oral and IV TMP-SMX. In consideration of efficacy, safety and hepatic insufficiency or hyponatremia state. Subsequent large scale follow-up studies are required, to complement the limitations of this study.

韩中海运合作研究 - 以美国拜登政府初期为重点的分析 -

胥芊(쉬첸) 중국지역학회 2023 중국지역연구 Vol.10 No.3

This paper focuses on the impact of the Biden administration's foreign economic policy and the correlative strategic alliance system on shipping cooperation between Korea and China. The shipping industry takes an important role in maritime initiative and supply chains. This paper explains the Biden government's foreign economic policy on supply chains and its policy of suppressing the global shipping industry. It also explains the strategic alliance system of correlation policy. The U.S. government issues legislation strengthening supply chain of domestic high-technologies and gives an order to suppress the global shipping industry. In order to strengthen maritime cooperation, the U.S. established the AUKUS, "Partners in Blue Pacific" (PBP) and "India-Pacific Partnership for Sea Area Identification" (IPMDA) under quad systems. This paper compares the Korean-Chinese shipping industry in the background of the leadership of the shipping industry. It mainly compares the size of shipping companies, the shipping federation of shipping companies, trade ports, shipping industry governance, and maritime transportation routes. China's competitiveness in the shipping industry is stronger than that of Korea. China and Korea have common route in maritime transportation. This paper then analyzes Korea-China shipping cooperation in three aspects: the shipping cooperation system between Korea and China, route cooperation, and the impact of the Biden government's foreign economic policy and alliance system on Korea-China shipping cooperation. Korea and China are treating each other as the most favored nation in shipping. The two countries also strengthen cooperation in ferry shipping. Korea-China ferry cooperation is considered the biggest feature of Korea-China shipping cooperation. A total of 16 routes are established, including 13 trade ports in China and 3 trade ports in Korea. Private cooperation is operating well. In addition, the trading ports of the two countries belong to the global container shipping network. The U.S. Biden administration's semiconductor supply chain control policy does not have a significant impact on Korea's shipping economy to China. This is because the main means of transportation of memory semiconductors is air transportation. IPMDA is likely to collect cooperative data on Southeast Asian and Pacific routes of Korean and Chinese shipping companies. In the future, there is a possibility that the U.S. government will directly strengthen cooperative relations with Korean shipping companies.