Research on Three Dimensional Reconstruction of Plant Root Based on spatial Geometry Structure and Morphology Architecture Parameters

Wu Peng,Wang Bao-kun,Leng Xin,Xie Peng-cheng 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.9 No.6

The root plays an important role in the ecosystem of plants. In order to solve the problem that to measure the root is difficult, this article proposes the three dimensional morphology model of plant root based on spatial geometry structure and morphology architecture parameters, and realize the three dimensional visualization of root. First, constructing three dimensional display model including root axis growing model, branch geometry model and root axis curve model; then combining topological structure of root, we confirm corresponding pixel, using morphology characteristic parameters outputted by root morphology to conduct the three dimensional reconstruction of root. Finally, we realize the visualization expression of plant root, basing on the VTK simulation software. The result of simulation, for establishing the whole visualization plant growing root further, lays technical foundation.

Root Growth and Spatial Distribution Characterization of Soybean (Glycine max L.) and Adzuki Bean (Vigna angularis L.) Under Drought Stress

전현정,정기열,최영대,이상훈,강항원 한국토양비료학회 2019 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.52 No.4

Recently Korea has severe drought during sowing and early vegetative period of soybean and adzuki beancultivation. Soybean and adzuki bean are an important legume crops in Korea, so it is important to understandadaptation of these crops to water stress. This study investigated changes of morphological properties and spatial distribution of soybean and adzuki bean roots under different soil moisture contents. The experiment was performed at National Institute of Crio Science in Miryang. Soybeans and adzuki beans were planted in a test tube with 40 in length, 20 in width, and 4 cm in depth and grew for 20 days. The tubes were filled with turface soil with six soil moisture treatments (30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 100%). The root images were obtained every 2 days using a scanner. Root properties from the images were characterized by root length, depth, surface area, number of roots and fractal parameters (fractal dimension and lacunarity). The root depth, length, surface area and number of roots increased as soil moisture increased from both crops. The values of fractal dimension and lacunarity increased as soil moisture increased. These results indicated that greater soil moisture induced more heterogeneous root structure. Correlation analysis among morphological properties and fractal parameters resulted in that the fractal dimension had the greatest correlation with depth, number of roots and surface area from soybean. Lacunarity from soybean showed a greater correlation with number of roots and surface area than ones from adzuki bean. This result indicates that fractal dimension is strongly related to branching of roots. Soybean and adzuki bean are sensitive to soil moisture content in early vegetative stage and they require soil moisture greater than 70% to develop full root structure. These results would be useful to understand soybean and adzuki bean responses to water stress and to manage irrigation amounts in cultivation.

Root Growth and Spatial Distribution Characterization of Soybean (Glycine max L.) and Adzuki Bean (Vigna angularis L.) Under Drought Stress

Hyen Chung Chun,Ki Yuol Jung,Young Dae Choi,Sanghun Lee,Hang Won Kang 한국토양비료학회 2019 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.52 No.4

Recently Korea has severe drought during sowing and early vegetative period of soybean and adzuki bean cultivation. Soybean and adzuki bean are an important legume crops in Korea, so it is important to understand adaptation of these crops to water stress. This study investigated changes of morphological properties and spatial distribution of soybean and adzuki bean roots under different soil moisture contents. The experiment was performed at National Institute of Crio Science in Miryang. Soybeans and adzuki beans were planted in a test tube with 40 in length, 20 in width, and 4 cm in depth and grew for 20 days. The tubes were filled with turface soil with six soil moisture treatments (30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 100%). The root images were obtained every 2 days using a scanner. Root properties from the images were characterized by root length, depth, surface area, number of roots and fractal parameters (fractal dimension and lacunarity). The root depth, length, surface area and number of roots increased as soil moisture increased from both crops. The values of fractal dimension and lacunarity increased as soil moisture increased. These results indicated that greater soil moisture induced more heterogeneous root structure. Correlation analysis among morphological properties and fractal parameters resulted in that the fractal dimension had the greatest correlation with depth, number of roots and surface area from soybean. Lacunarity from soybean showed a greater correlation with number of roots and surface area than ones from adzuki bean. This result indicates that fractal dimension is strongly related to branching of roots. Soybean and adzuki bean are sensitive to soil moisture content in early vegetative stage and they require soil moisture greater than 70% to develop full root structure. These results would be useful to understand soybean and adzuki bean responses to water stress and to manage irrigation amounts in cultivation.

Morphological and Fractal Characteristics of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Roots from Various Soil Moisture Contents

Hyen Chung Chun,Amar Margaux,Romain Michel Gloaguen,Yu-Chien Tseng,Sanghun Lee,Ki-Yuol Jung,YoungDae Choi,Diane Rowland 한국토양비료학회 2018 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.51 No.3

Recently Korea has severe drought during sowing and early vegetative period of sesame cultivation. Sesame is an important oilseed crop in Korea, so it is important to understand adaptation of sesame to water stress. This study investigated changes of morphological properties and spatial distribution of sesame roots under different soil moisture contents. The experiment was performed at University of Florida in Gainsville, USA. Two sesame cultivars (Bene and Indie) were planted in a test tube with 35 in length, 21 in width, and 4 cm in depth and grew for 23 days. The tubes were filled with turface soil with four soil moisture treatments (40, 50, 75 and 100%). The root images were obtained every 2 days using a scanner. Root properties from the images were characterized by root length, surface area, volume, number of roots and fractal parameters (fractal dimension and lacunarity). The results of this study showed that the all of root properties had no significant difference between cultures, but there was difference across soil moisture contents. The total length, surface area, volumes and number of roots increased as soil moisture increased from both cultivars. The values of fractal dimension increased as soil moisture increased, while the ones of lacunarity decreased. These results indicated that greater soil moisture induced more abundant and heterogeneous root structure. Correlation analysis among morphological properties and fractal parameters resulted in that the fractal dimension had the greatest correlation with number of roots. This result indicates that fractal dimension is strongly related to branching of roots. Sesame roots from soil moisture of 40 and 50% did not develop enough to have fractal root structure. Sesame roots are sensitive to soil moisture content in germination and early vegetative stage and they require soil moisture close to 100% to develop full root structure. These results would be useful to understand sesame responses to water stress and to manage irrigation amounts in sesame cultivation.

제1대구치에서 관찰되는 비정형적 치근형태에 대한 증례보고

이은경,김영진,김현정,남순현 大韓小兒齒科學會 2015 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.42 No.2

치근 형성은 매우 복잡한 과정이며, 유전적으로 그 형태가 정해져 있다. 유전이나 환경적인 요인이 치근발달과정에 영향을줄 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 제1대구치의 치근형성이상을 주소로 내원한 12명의 환아들에 대하여 보고하고자 한다. 임상적으로 이들 치아는 정상적인 치관의 형태를 보이고 있었다. 그러나 방사선학적 검사상 치근이 얇고 꼬여있으며 불규칙한 길이를나타내었다. 그리고 백악법랑경계에서 치근이개부까지의 길이는 짧았으며, 치수강은 협착되어 있었다. 이들 중 6명의 환아에서는 제2유구치의 치근형성이상이 함께 나타났으며, 3명의 환아에서는 상악 중절치의 치관형태이상이 함께 나타났다. 이들대부분에서 조산, 뇌신경계 감염, 선천성 심질환 등의 의학적 병력이 생후 1년 이내에 관찰되었다. 제1대구치에서 특징적으로 발생하는 치근형태이상에 대한 보고는 희소하며, 본 증례에서 열두 명의 환아에서 동시에 발생한 제1대구치의 치근형성이상은 임상가들에게 새로운 증례의 발견 및 진단함에 의의가 있다. The developmental mechanism of root formation is a complex process. Hereditary and environmental factors may affect the morphology of the developing root. A total of 12 cases was presented with permanent first molars with abberant root morphology. Clinically, these teeth appeared as a normal crown. However, radiographically, the root was slender, twisted and characterized by irregular lengths. In addition, root trunk length was shorter and pulp chamber was obliterated. In these cases, periapical radiolucency and loss of lamina dura were often observed. In 6 cases, an abnormal root of the primary second molars were also present, as well as root malformation of permanent first molars. In 3 cases, permanent central incisors also had a dysmorphic crown. These cases almost all had medical history, such as premature birth, brain infection or congenital heart disease in infants. The present paper describes cases of permanent first molars with an abnormal root that are rarely reported in literature. This case may intensify the variation in the permanent first molar and is intended to reinforce the clinician’s awareness of rare morphology of the roots.

CBCT를 이용한 유구치의 치근 및 근관의 형태학적 평가

최유민,김선미,최남기 대한소아치과학회 2020 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.47 No.1

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the morphological characteristics of the roots and roots canals of primary molar teeth using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). A total of 68 CBCT images of children aged 4 - 5 years was used for this study. A total of 160 molar teeth were analyzed. Various parameters such as the number of roots and canals, length of root and root canal, and the angulation and shape of the roots were analyzed. All maxillary primary molars had 3 roots. The presence of 2 root canals in 1 root was only observed in the mesiobuccal root of maxillary primary second molars. Most mandibular primary molars had 2 roots, and most mesial roots had 2 root canals. Concerning the length of the roots, the palatal root of the maxillary primary molar was found to be longest whereas the distobuccal root was shortest. In mandibular primary molars, the mesial root was longer than the distal root. In maxillary primary molars, the palatal root had the greatest angulation whereas the distal root has the greatest in mandibular molars. The root and root canals of maxillary primary molars were more curved in shape whereas mandibular primary molars were straight. 이 연구의 목적은 CBCT를 사용하여 유구치 치근 및 근관의 형태학적 특징을 평가하는 것이다. 과잉치 발거를 위해 전남대학교 치과병원 소아치과에 내원하여 CBCT를 촬영한 만 4 - 5세 환자 총 68명의 영상으로 연구를 진행하였다. 치근 흡수가 되지 않은 상악 제1유구치, 상악 제2유구치, 하악 제1유구치, 하악 제2유구치로 구분하여 분석하였다. 치근 및 근관의 수, 치근 및 근관의 길이와 각도 등의 다양한 변수들이 분석되었다. 상악 유구치는 모두 3개의 치근을 가졌고 원심 협측 치근과 구개 치근은 단일 근관을 가졌다. 한 치근에 2개의 근관이 있는 경우는오직 상악 제2유구치의 근심 협측 치근에서 발견되었다. 하악 유구치는 대부분 근심과 원심 2개의 치근을 가졌다. 하악의 근심 치근은대부분 2개의 근관을 가졌다. 치근의 길이와 관련하여, 상악의 구개 치근의 길이가 가장 긴 반면, 원심 협측 치근의 길이는 가장 짧은 것으로 밝혀졌다. 하악 유구치는 근심의 치근이 더 길었다. 상악 유구치에서는 구개 치근의 각도가 가장 컸으나 하악은 근심의 각도가 더 작았다. 상악 유구치의치근 및 근관이 곡선형이 많은 반면 하악 유구치는 직선형을 더 많이 볼 수 있었다.

6年根 人蔘의 等及別 品位 및 ginsenoside 함량

조재선,조현경,박소희,정청송 한국식생활문화학회 2001 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.16 No.5

This study was conducted to investigate the difference of general feature and ginsenoside content of 6 years old ginseng rooot among different grade of roots. Total weight of a 1st grade-6 years old ginseng root was 115.1g and weight, length, diameter and specific gravity of main root were 64.68g, 8.39cm, 3.31cm and 0.96, respectively. Main root of 1st grade ginseng root was larger in size and specific gravity and more heavy than that of 2nd or 3rd grade of the roots. Though crude saponin contents were not so different among the different grade of roots, but ginsenoside Rbl, Rgl and Re content were higher in 1st grade of root than that of 2nd or 3rd grade of root. Those ginsenosides were located mainly in periderm and cortex.

Endodontic management of a maxillary first molar with three roots and seven root canals with the aid of cone-beam computed tomography

Nayak, Gurudutt,Singh, Kamal Krishan,Shekhar, Rhitu The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2015 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.40 No.3

Variation in root canal morphology, especially in maxillary first molar presents a constant challenge for a clinician in their detection and management. This case report describes the successful root canal treatment of a three rooted right maxillary first molar presenting with three canals each in the mesiobuccal and distobuccal roots and one canal in the palatal root. The clinical detection of this morphologic aberration was made using a dental operating microscope, and the canal configuration was established after correlating and computing the clinical, radiographic and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan findings. CBCT images confirmed the configuration of the canals in the mesiobuccal and distobuccal roots to be Al-Qudah and Awawdeh type (3-2) and type (3-2-1), respectively, whereas the palatal root had a Vertucci type I canal pattern. This report reaffirms the importance of careful examination of the floor of the pulp chamber with a dental operating microscope and the use of multiangled preoperative radiographs along with advanced diagnostic aids such as CBCT in identification and successful management of aberrant canal morphologies.

Endodontic management of a maxillary first molar with three roots and seven root canals with the aid of cone-beam computed tomography

Gurudutt Nayak,Kamal Krishan Singh,Rhitu Shekhar 대한치과보존학회 2015 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.40 No.3

Variation in root canal morphology, especially in maxillary first molar presents a constant challenge for a clinician in their detection and management. This case report describes the successful root canal treatment of a three rooted right maxillary first molar presenting with three canals each in the mesiobuccal and distobuccal roots and one canal in the palatal root. The clinical detection of this morphologic aberration was made using a dental operating microscope, and the canal configuration was established after correlating and computing the clinical, radiographic and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan findings. CBCT images confirmed the configuration of the canals in the mesiobuccal and distobuccal roots to be Al-Qudah and Awawdeh type (3-2) and type (3-2-1), respectively, whereas the palatal root had a Vertucci type I canal pattern. This report reaffirms the importance of careful examination of the floor of the pulp chamber with a dental operating microscope and the use of multiangled preoperative radiographs along with advanced diagnostic aids such as CBCT in identification and successful management of aberrant canal morphologies.

Regulation of morphological, molecular and nutrient status in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> seedlings in response to ZnO nanoparticles and Zn ion exposure

Nair, Prakash M. Gopalakrishnan,Chung, Ill Min Elsevier BV 2017 Science of the Total Environment Vol.575 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study examined the mechanism of toxicity in <I>Arabidopsis thaliana</I> seedlings to zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and zinc (Zn) ions. We subjected plants to different ZnO NPs and Zn ion concentrations (0, 20, 50, 100 and 200mg/L) and analyzed resulting morphological changes, transcriptional regulation of genes involved in Zn-homeostasis, macro- and microelement homeostasis, as well as auxin regulation. Except for 20mg/L, the fresh weight and primary root length was reduced after exposure to all other concentrations of Zn ion and ZnO NP concentrations. An increase in lateral root formation (19 and 32%) was observed after exposure to 20 and 50mg/L of Zn ions respectively; whereas 20mg/L ZnO NPs treatment triggered a 9% increase in lateral root formation. Both qualitative, using Zynpyr-1 fluorescent probe and quantitative analysis revealed Zn uptake and translocation from roots to shoots after Zn ion exposure. However, ZnO NPs-treated seedlings resulted in no root to shoot translocation and Zn accumulation was mainly located in root tips, primary-lateral root junctions and root- shoot junctions. The macronutrients viz. P (1.34mg/kg DW), K (13.29mg/kg DW), S (1.29mg/kg DW) and micronutrients Cu (0.004mg/kg DW) and Fe (0.345mg/kg DW) contents were highly decreased as a result of exposure to 200mg/L of Zn ions. Similarly, the highest reduction of P (2.30mg/kg DW), K (6.36mg/kg DW), S (2.63mg/kg DW) and Cu (0.004mg/kg DW) was observed after exposure to 200mg/L of ZnO NPs. Gene regulation studies indicated the transcriptional modulation of various genes involved in Zn, macro- and micro nutrient homeostasis as well as hormone regulation. Taken together, it was observed that the mechanism of toxicity of Zn ions and ZnO NPs were different. These findings will help to design safer strategies for the application of ZnO NPs as plant fertilizer without compromising the morphological and nutritional qualities as well as for the future phytoremediation purposes.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> ZnO NPs and Zn ions induced morphological changes in <I>Arabidopsis thaliana</I>. </LI> <LI> Changes in roots system architecture was observed. </LI> <LI> Modulated the expression of metal homeostasis and hormone regulation genes </LI> <LI> Changed macro- and micro-nutrient contents </LI> <LI> Provides insights for future application of ZnO NPs as fertilizer. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>