조선시대 화성지역 함평이씨 함성군파 무반가계의 구성과 문중 경영

장필기 국민대학교 한국학연구소 2012 한국학논총 Vol.37 No.-

Since the 17th century, military families began to emerge In the Joseon Dynasty. The cause was that the strengthening of military force and political attention on military issues is largely appeared. In addition the military families of Hampyeong-issi(咸平李氏) Hamseonggun-pa(咸城君派) has emerged in earnest since the mid-17th century. They were lived to brethren village as a long time around the Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-do. They did generate large amounts of data and manuscripts have been preserved. Until now, most military families were trying not to reveal well, for to their families's documents regarding to the creation or retention. In recent years, however, the public's awareness about these documents has been very higher. Accordingly,this thing is very positive and there were military families to disclose. It is just as are the military families of Hampyeong-issi(咸平李氏) Hamseonggun-pa (咸城君派). Since the middle age of Joseon Dynasty was further emphasized the importance of families. Accordingly, the more socially prestigious families of the clan were more active events. Hampyeong military families was also well-equipped of those traits of Joseon society. And they worship their ancestors. They are raising their younger families and the management of the families was to thoroughly. Descendants of the family was received in turn the Gunho(君號) and the honor of family was succeeded. And through the management of racial solidarity families was thoroughly. The solidarity of the clan were thoroughly through the management of families. Those published genealogies and families were made in the form of a unity. Meanwhile, they continued on the basis of home residence, has entered into a central bureaucracy. Furthermore, they were more closely with the king. This is a guarantee of their social status and the status of military families was to be certain. They had mainly close to King as a bureaucracy in the trust. This is the appearance of the king and the military families that was created as a mutual insurance. They had also kept thoroughly of typical type of military families. 함평이씨 함성군파 무반가계는 경기도 화성지역을 중심으로 집성촌을 형성, 세거하면서 무반가문으로서는 드물게 많은 고문서 자료들을 생성․보존하여 왔다. 지금까지 대개의 무반가문들이 그 가계와 관련한 문서의 생성이나 보존에 대하여 잘 드러내지 않으려는 경향이 많았다. 그러한 가운데 조선시대 전형적인 무반가문이었던 함평이씨 함성군파 종가에서 소장하고 있던 고문서를 공개함으로써이 방면 연구에 많은 도움을 얻게 되었다. 함평이씨 함성군파는 조선 중기 이래 봉담읍 분천리를 중심으로 대대로 세거하면서 그들의 武的인 속성을 유감없이 발휘한 가문이다. 특히, 조선 중기 이래 문중의 중요성이 더욱 강조되면서 사회적 명성이 높은 집안일수록 문중행사가 더적극적이었는데, 함평이씨 또한 이러한 조선 사회의 문중적 특색을 고스란히 지니면서 조상을 받들고 후학을 양육하는 문중 경영을 철저히 고수하고자 한 가문이다. 세세로 君號를 承襲하여 가문의 영예를 지키고자 하였고, 종족 간의 결속을 통하여 문중 경영을 철저히 하였다. 그러한 것들이 족보 간행이나 문중계의 형태로지속되었다. 그러면서도 鄕里의 세거지를 토대로 하여 지속적으로 중앙관직 사회로 진출하였으며, 나아가서는 왕권과의 밀착도를 더욱 긴밀히 하여 사회 신분적보장과 문중적 위상을 공고히 하고자 하였다. 그러한 것이 대대로 국왕 지근에서近密職 관직을 역임하는 것에서 잘 나타나고 있었다. 이러한 모습은 조선 후기 국왕과 무반 공신가문 간의 상호 보험적 유대 속에서이뤄지는데, 함평이씨 함성군파 무반가계 또한 이러한 전형을 철저히 고수한 무반집안이었다.

조선후기 한성부 한 무관 집안의 가계이력과 사회ㆍ경제적 지위

장필기(Jang Pil-ki) 역사실학회 2006 역사와실학 Vol.30 No.-

The Joseon dynasty was the society where the social composition setup is operated by the Confucianism order of bureaucracies. It will be the nobility identity whose military official order is same consequently it will increase and honorablely it cannot stand oneself it was an existence. Like this with recognition and effect, the descendants of military official order's household do not distinguish the household history or the ancestor of the themselves at the outside. Consequently from reference data or the manuscripts about the military families household it is not easy to try to search them. Also this is one of the cause which controls the research regarding the household of these military families. This research regarding the families history and the social economic position of Seongju Yissi's military families household on lived 18~20 century in Seoul(漢城府). The result which tries to observe the manuscripts data of this household, these people lived in Youngsan-hyun(靈山縣) of Youngnam(嶺南), after Yi Ji-geon(李枝建) was bacame to live in Seoul, these people continuously lived in Yeonhwa-bang(蓮花坊) and Myungchoel-bang(明哲坊). The country scholar entered consequently in Seoul and not to see a bureaucracy examination and it was almost impossible to advance with the official post society. It was not the possibility also the thought doing. Consequently Yi Ji-geon is had the role of the Pogyeomsabok(砲兼司僕) in order to have the job is belonged to a vulgar people's official Byulpajin(別破陣) position. Like that him initially the place which starts a Seoul life with Chongno 4 ga and. Yeonhwa-bang region of now. The Yeonhwa-bang region is the place which arranges the houses of the army for escorts the royal palace. Yi Ji-geon was being started a Seoul life consequently from the YeonHwa-bang region and it was rightly the first button where this household does to advance with a military family origin. After his Seoul life where he dwells in the Yeonhwa-bang region, it was stabilized which degree and. also the descendants who advances to the middle subordinate official post of the military who discharges the military service examination successful examinee originated. After these families connected. the military occupational area and a military official post of the multi branch and both in name and reality became the military nobility families. In most part, the military nobility families it got married between the household whose social position and their identity is similar. As well as these marriage relationship came to make the household for it is to very similar situation. Like this fact civil official only high official circles of order and military official order the bay it knows, middle subordinate class of military official order each the schedule one frame which gets married between the household which is to social identity of the themselves and the situation where the position is similar is maintained was the instance which it confirms. Compared to it has the features which this household which further lives in the Yeonhwa-bang region which is a central place of Seoul changes the possibility which to aim the social economic position of these family budget. Socially the scholar of the country from Seoul lives was belonged to the special occupational area with the method for, this is to do to bring a fluctuation in his identity and role. Socially, these family budget won and middle subordinate Jig but, it advanced identity and position, firmly relationship of marriage it led and and this with military official order and as the yangban more firmly. Economically, origin from the situation which does not have also anyone it moves in Seoul and comes and as the back military official order lower stratum which the some name servant has it had the economic power of which degree, there is a possibility of seeing. Life volume it changes but again as it appears to be going back in the life which is harmonious. A

직업군인의 일과 가정 양립을 위한 제도개선 방안 연구 - 군인가족의 특수성을 중심으로

강석우 육군사관학교 화랑대연구소 2024 한국군사학논집 Vol.80 No.1

군인가족은 군 조직원은 아니지만, 군인의 직업적 특징으로 인해 교육, 의료, 복지의 사각지대인 전방에서 헌신하고 있다. 과거에는 헌신이 당연시되었지만 변화하는 사회환경에서 군인가족은 이를 당연하게 생각하지 않는다. 또한 여성과 남성의 전통적인 성 역할이 변화하여 남성의 육아 참여가 증가하고 있는 환경에서 군인가족은 현실과 이상 사이에서 마찰을 겪고 있다. 이러한 마찰은 양육 스트레스를 증가시켜 군인가족에 갈등을 만들 수 있으며, 가족 내 갈등은 직업군인의 군 복무의지 저하로 이어질 수 있다. 이러한 배경 속에서 이번 연구는 군인가족의 특수성을 바탕으로, 직업군인의 일과 가정 양립제도는 어떠하며, 개선 방안은 무엇인지에 대해 법령과 행정규칙을 중심으로 연구했다. 법령과 행정규칙은 구성원이 아닌 군인가족을 배제하고 여군 위주의 육아 제도를 갖는다. 법령과 행정규칙에서 군인 남성은 육아의 주체가 아닌 생계부양자며, 육아의 주체를 군인가족 배우자로 산정하고 제도가 만들어져 남군을 육아에서 배제하고 있다. 이러한 제도는 기존의 성 역할 고정관념을 통해 만들어진 것으로 보이나, 제도화됨으로써 오히려 기존의 의식을 강화하는 효과를 낳는다. 이는 조직 내 성 평등 인식을 악화시킬 수 있다. 이번 연구는 군인가족의 특수성을 이해하고, 구속력 있고 변경 가능한 법령에 대한 연구 통해 군인가족의 육아문제 해결에 실질적으로 접근했다는 의의가 있다. 또한 군인가족 문제는 단순히 개별 군인에 대한 복지 문제가 아니라 직업군인의 복무 의지, 그리고 조직 내 성 평등 인식을 개선할 수 있다는 점에서 중요하다는 것을 밝혔다는 의의가 있다. Military families are not military members, but they are devoted to the forward area, which is a blind spot for education, medical care, and welfare due to the professional characteristics of soldiers. Dedication was taken for granted in the past, but military families do not take it for granted in a changing social environment. In addition, in an environment which men's participation in childcare is increasing due to the change in the traditional gender roles of women and men, military families are experiencing friction between reality and ideals. Such friction can increase parenting stress and create conflict in military families, and conflict within the family can lead to a decrease in professional soldiers' willingness to serve in the military. Against this background, this study focused on the system for work-life balance of professional soldiers and how to improve them based on the characteristics of military families. The System excludes military families, not members, and has a female-oriented childcare system. According to the law, military men are not the main body of childcare, but the main body of childcare is calculated as a military family spouse, and a system has been created to exclude the male soldier from childcare. These systems seem to have been created through existing gender role stereotypes, but the system has the effect of strengthening existing consciousness. This can worsen the perception of gender equality within the organization. This study is meaningful in that it understood the characteristics of military families and approached the problem of raising children of military families through research on binding and changeable system. It is also meaningful that the military family issue is not just a welfare issue for individual soldiers, but also important in that it can improve the willingness of professional soldiers to serve and awareness of gender equality in the organization.

조선후기 무반벌족과 진주류씨 무반가계 -류형(柳珩)계를 중심으로-

張弼基 ( Jang Pil Ki ) 한국계보연구회 2019 한국계보연구 Vol.9 No.-

조선후기의 무반벌족(武班閥族)은 문치중심의 사족지배체제 속에서 정권의 실질적 기반이 되는 군사력의 상층부를 형성하고 있던 존재였다. 이들은 17세기 이후 군권에 대한 중요성의 인식과 함께 벌열가문의 무반가계를 중심으로 형성되기 시작하여 18세기 후반 왕권강화를 기점으로 더욱 성장한 무반가문들이었다. 이들 가문의 대부분은 왕실의 외척(外戚)이었다. 뿐만 아니라 통혼(通婚)과 출계(出系)관계 등 매우 폐쇄적인 관행과 세습적인 관직체계를 토대로 하여 그들자신의 사회 신분적 정체성 확보와 유지에 주력할 수 있었다. 그러나 당시 문반에 의하여 상대적으로 경시되었던 만큼 이들은 독자적인 하나의 정치세력으로까지는 성장하지 못하였다. 하지만 어느 정권이든지 군권(軍權)을 기반으로 하지 않고는 제대로 존속할 수 없었던 만큼, 또한 이들 무반가문으로 대표되는 무반벌족 세력을 포용하지 않으면 안 되었다. 이러한 점에 있어서 조선후기의 집권세력과 무반벌족은 상호 의존적이었다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 조선후기 무반가문의 벌족화 또한 이러한 관점에서 이해되어야 할 것이다. 진주류씨 무반가계는 대개 중시조 류인비(柳仁庇)의 6세손인 자해(子偕)・자문(子文)・자행(子行) 3계열로 나누어져 각각 그 당색을 달리 하는데, 자해・자행계는 北人인데 비하여 자문계는 남인(南人)계통이었다. 따라서 자해・자행계는 문반가계이면서 광해조 이후 북인의 몰락으로 관직 진출자가 그렇게 많지 않았다. 이에 비하여 자문계는 전통 무반가를 이루어 끊임없이 무반관직자를 배출하면서 무반의 상층부를 형성하고자 하였다. 그 정점에 충경공(忠景公) 류형(柳珩)이 있다. 류형은 임진왜란 당시 이순신(李舜臣)의 막료로서 크게 활약한 용장으로 진주류씨 무반가계를 벌족으로 나아가게 한 원초적 인물이기도 하다. 류형 이후 이 가계의 성장과정은 여느 무반벌족가문과 크게 다를 바 없이 무반 청요직을 거친 장신(將臣)들을 배출하면서 그들의 위상을 더욱 굳건히 하고자 하였다. 진주류씨 무반가계는 명문거족(名門鋸族)의 무반벌족 관계망 속에서 지속적인 통혼과 더불어 동종 입후(立後)라는 관행을 통해서 가문의 사회적 지위와 가격(家格)을 유지하고, 나아가 무반벌족으로서의 면모를 더욱 공고히 하였다. 이렇듯 진주류씨 충경공파 무반가계는 끈임 없는 무반 관직자를 생성 배출하면서 대대로 국가로부터 은전과 후대를 받으며 무반의 최상층부를 형성하는 위치에 이를 수 있었다. Military noble families(武班家門) in the late period of the Joesun Dynasty were established at around late half of the 18th century when the political recognition of military power was emphasized more than ever before. They were linked with the royal family by making a marriage relationship with them. And the families tried to establish their identity through closed marriage relationship between them. But they couldn't grow up to become a independent political power. In that Joesun Dynasty was influenced by the Confucian culture, so military aristocrats tended to be slighted rather than Confucian scholars. Nonetheless, the military power was actual basis for the political regime since the foundation of the country. The ruling power is closely connected to the military power. Therefore, the military noble clans in the late period of the Joesun Dynasty can be said to be a existence that was maintaining mutual dependent relationship with the ruling power. One of the direct descendant line of JinJu Ryu’s family, Jamun(子文) had an intention of forming the upper part of the military while continuously through passed the state military examination. Especially, Ryu -Hyung(柳珩), who was a staff officer of general Yi-Sun-Sin(李舜臣), was the most representative of them. After Ryu-Hyung, the family formed continuously the layer of the military noble family. Ryu’s family also tried to maintain their position as military nobility through the marriage alliance within the direct relative family. Until around late half of the 18th century, they had consolidated their position as military noble family.

군인가족의 심리적 특성 이해를 통한 영적 지지

전요섭 ( Jeon Joseph ) 한국복음주의상담학회 2019 복음과 상담 Vol.27 No.2

이 연구의 목적은 군인가족(배우자와 자녀)의 심리분석을 통한 영적 지지에 대하여 다루고 군목회상담의 효율성을 극대화할 수 있는 자료 제시에 있다. 군인가족은 군대와 관련하여 일반인 가족과는 양상이 다른, 군 상황에서만 발생하는 심리적 특성과 스트레스에 노출되어 있다. 군인가족은 남편/아버지의 야간 근무, 비상, 특수 임무, 기동, 군사 훈련 및 해외파병, 잦은 인사이동 등으로 가족구조의 영향을 받는다. 남편/아버지는 이런 임무를 수행으로 군인가족의 불안정성을 야기하며 정신건강에 악영향을 미치게 된다. 배우자의 심리는 군의 폐쇄성으로 인한 고립감, 고독감이 나타나고 군인자녀는 부성부재로 인해 다양한 문제가 나타난다. 부성부재를 극복하는 애착이론의 보상가설은 군인자녀에 대한 대안적 이론으로 제시될 수 있다. 이 연구는 군인가족에 대한 영적 지지와 돌봄으로 가족 탄력성(복원력), 강인성의 요인으로서 신앙의 중요성을 다루었다. 군인가족의 영적 지지기반이 확고하지 않으면 군인가족이 스트레스에 압도되어 정신건강 및 영적 건강을 유지하기 어렵게 된다. 군인가족을 위한 영적 지지 가운데 가장 중요한 것은 가정예배이다. 가정예배를 포함한 영적 지지는 군인가족의 우울증, 불안증, 스트레스감소에 긍정적 영향을 미친다. This research is based on the literature review. The purpose of this study is to clarify that spiritual support and mental health maintaining for military family in Korean military: centering around military member’s spouse and children. Korea has relatively few studies on military families compared to the United States military. Multidimensional studies of mental health and psychological problems for active military, reservists and military families have been actively conducted, however the contents of spiritual support for military families have been difficult to find. This research dealt with the military families’s psychological characteristics in order to solve their problems. The researcher observed this problem from the point of view of the ministry, pastoral care and counseling in military. One of the best spiritual supports is family worship. Spiritual support including family worship was found to have a positive effect on depression, anxiety and stress reduction in the military family. Family worship also makes the family hardiness, family resilience and family healthiness. Also, one of the supporting methods for a child who has absence of fatherhood of military family is compensation hypothesis of attachment theory. Family worship as compensation hypothesis is a mean of spiritual support methods for absence of fatherhood child.

고려말, 조선초의 신흥무인(新興武人) 마천목(馬天牧)

변동명 ( Byeon Dong-myeon ) 택민국학연구원 2017 국학연구론총 Vol.0 No.20

이 글에서는 마천목을 고려말 조선초에 등장한 새로운 세력, 곧 신흥무인의 한 사례로 검토하였다. 먼저 마천목의 사회적 배경과 함께 그가 벼슬길에 오르기까지를 더듬었으며, 뒤이어 조선초기의 정변에 가담하여 공신으로 책봉되고 또한 이후 공신이자 고위 무신으로 활약한 내용을 훑어본 다음, 마지막으로 마천목의 그러한 출세에 힘입어 마씨 일족이 곡성 지역사회의 주요한 일원으로 뿌리내린 모습을 살폈다. 마천목은 長興府 會寧縣이 본관이었는데, 모친 平山申氏의 연고를 좇아 谷城으로 이주 하였다. 그는 24세 되던 우왕 7년(1381)에 散員으로서 처음 환로에 올랐다. 장흥 내지 곡성의 토착세력이라는 사회적 배경을 바탕으로, 전라도의 軍籍에 올라 鄭地의 휘하에서 군사 활동을 통해 添設職을 얻었다. 마천목은 고려말에 지방의 토착세력으로서 무공을 세워 첨설직을 받아 관직에 진출하였다고 하는 이른바 신흥무인의 한 전형이었다. 마천목은 조선왕조의 개창과 함께 靖安君 李芳遠 곧 후일의 태종 휘하로 들어갔다. 그리하여 군사적 능력과 충직함을 바탕으로 태종의 신임을 얻어 司直으로 발탁되었다. 마천목은 정변에서 태종의 명을 직접 시행하는 측근 무인이었다. 태종을 받들던 공신들 중에서 행동집단에 속하는 인물이었거니와, 그 결과 사직에서 대장군으로 특진하고 뒤이어 상장군에 올라 고위 무장의 반열에 들었으며, 태종이 즉위한 후 좌명공신으로 책봉되었다. 공신에 오른 이후 마천목은 줄곧 군사적 직임을 맡아 활약하였다. 중앙군 최고지휘부의 일원으로 궁궐 숙위와 도성의 순찰을 관장하였다. 권력의 향배를 좌우하는 軍權의 행사에 마천목이 깊이 관여하였으며, 군부의 유력자로서 무시할 수 없는 정치적 비중을 지닌 존재였다. 마천목은 국방의 문제에도 관여하였다. 여진족의 움직임에 대비하도록 지명된 고위 무신 중의 하나였으며, 또한 전라병영성을 축조한다든지 혹은 축성을 통한 군비 확충의 필요성을 제기하는 등 국방력 강화에도 관심을 기울였다. 고려말에 신흥무인으로 몸을 일으켜 조선왕조에 들어 태종의 신임 속에 공신으로 책봉되고 군부의 유력자로 활약했던 그는, 평생을 武職에만 전념한 전통시기 무인의 전형이었다. 마천목의 비상한 출세는 곡성의 장흥마씨에게 성장의 기회를 제공하였다. 장흥마씨는 처음 모계인 평산신씨의 도움으로 곡성에 정착하였지만, 머잖아 지역사회에서 손꼽히는 유력 가문으로 자리를 잡았다. 마천목이 지역의 협조를 얻어 豆可川 魚梁을 개설하였다든지, 혹은 마씨 일족의 거처를 피해 知申驛이 다른 곳으로 옮겨갔다는 풍설 등이 그 증거였다. 외부에서 이주해온 세력이었음에도 곡성의 장흥마씨는 마천목의 출세에 힘입어 비교적 이른 시일 내에 유력 가문으로 자리를 잡았으며, 조선후기에 이르도록 내내 그 지위를 유지하였다. Ma Cheonmok was a newly risen military officer in late Goryeo and early Joseon. Though his clan seat(bon’gwan) lay in Hoeryeong county, he moved sometime to Gokseong county conforming to his mother’s ties to depend upon. When he was 24 years old, in the seventh year of King U(1381), he made a start to enter the government service as Sanwon. He was listed in the army register of Jeolla province as a man from indigenous influential family in Hoeryeong or Gokseong county and distinguished in war under a famous general Jeong Ji. By means of such distinguished military service, he gained his first official post Sanwon which was a sinecure appointment. In a word, Ma Cheonmok was a model of newly risen military officer who gained a sinecure appointment by means of distinguished military service as a person from indigenous local elites and entered the official world in late Goryeo. While Joseon, a new dynasty was established, Ma Cheonmok joined the troops under Yi Bangwon(the later King Taejong, 1400~1418). Because Yi Bangwon took charge of Jeolla province army in Joseon’s early years. Ma Cheonmok was chosen and promoted by Taejong based on his military ability. He obtained Taejong’s confidence through exerting himself faithfully. Ma Cheonmok took an active part in two coups d’etat in Joseon’s early years as a confidential retainer of Taejong’s. As he was a soldier standing by lord’s side who executed Taejong’s direction immediately, he was so to speak a member of action group among Merit Subjects supporting Taejong. As a result he got a double promotion of military grade from Sajik to Daejanggun and soon was raised to Sangjanggun, the highest military grade. After Taejong came to the throne, he was invested with Merit Subjects. Ma Cheonmok played an active part in military functions all along since he was raised to Merit Subjects. He took charge of guarding the palace and patrolling the capital as a member of the highest army circles that commanded the central government forces. He participated deeply in exercising military command which had a great influence upon political power and took an active part with political weight as an influential person over the military. Ma Cheonmok had part in national defence affair. He was one of high military commanders who were designated to watch northern Jurchen’s movement. Still more he was concerned about strengthening the national defence. He constructed the castle of Jeolla Army Command and proposed necessity to build up armaments through fortification. Ma Cheonmok who advanced in life as a newly risen military officer in late Goryeo, being invested with Merit Subjects and playing an active part as an influential person over the military with Taejong’s confidence in early Joseon, was as it were a typical warrior in traditional age who devote his attention to military duties through life. Owing to Ma Cheonmok’s success in the military officer order, the Jangheung Ma families became a prominent figure in Gokseong county. Though they moved to Gokseong from Jangheung county during the confused period, the Ma families established themselves as a prominent family admitted by indigenous local elites within relatively short time. Since then the Jangheung Ma families maintained their position as a influential family up to late Joseon.

한국군의 발전과정별 군인가족 처우개선 변화 분석

홍창국(Hong, Chang-gug) 국방부 군사편찬연구소 2013 군사 Vol.- No.86

Professional Soldiers" wives require abilities in variety of areas where their husbands are not available due to the peculiarities of their job requirements. Living in an isolated environment, worse living conditions, frequent moving, poor housing, lack of support in child education and care, and limited medical service and lack of leisure facilities, with their husbands serving 24 hours as commanders, administrators, and instructors, they have to be experts in maintaining households. The improvement of the Republic of Korea Army today owes much to the military families. Few people seem to recognize the sacrifices and sufferings of the military families, who contributed greatly to intangible combat power and to Republic of Korea Army’s advancement into internationally recognized strong army through six decades. However, it is undeniable truth that while there are researches on the Korean army, there are not much researches on the military families. Just like women’s study, the researches on military families have been neglected. Finding the data and source materials on the Republic of Korea Army’s military families will provide the basis for the future researches help making the political decisions on the litary. Therefore this study on the Republic of Korea Army’s advancement in history will be divided into the followings; establishment of the ROK(1945~1949) and the development of National Defense Position(1991~present). Through these timeline, data and sources on military families will be analyzed to find changes in them. Through this research, hopefully, correct understanding of military families will be possible and this will contribute to the future studies on the military.

고려시대 귀족가문 연구의 성과와 과제

이윤정 한국중세사학회 2009 한국중세사연구 Vol.0 No.27

A study on aristocrat family is important because it provides the clues that can understand politics, society and status in the Goryeo Dynasty and can grasp about the ruling class in the Goryeo Dynasty. A study on aristocrat family in the Goryeo Dynasty focused on some authority families such as Inju Lee clan(仁州李氏) or Jungan Im clan(定安任氏) in the early study after beginning study of Inju Lee clan(仁州李氏) of Hujida Ryosaku(藤田亮策) on a full-scale. However, the study objects were gradually intended for general aristocrat families. In addition contents of study became abundant and various with the study achievements that analyzed the family from the social, economic and philosophical point of view as well as political standpoint. Primarily, a study on aristocrat family in the Goryeo Dynasty needs to analyze according to the period and the themes. Secondly, it is necessary to study about the background of military official order(武班) family formation, the process of becoming military official order(武班), marriage and holding two offices civil official order(文班). Thirdly, it is needed to define the Gaeban(改班) more exactly and to grasp the background their features of Gaeban(改班) family. Then, it is necessary to compare with civil and military official order(文武班) family in the Age of the Military(武人政權期). Besides that, it is expected to continue to study of prerequisite to be an aristocrat family and status issue of civil and military official order(文武班). A study on aristocrat family is important because it provides the clues that can understand politics, society and status in the Goryeo Dynasty and can grasp about the ruling class in the Goryeo Dynasty. A study on aristocrat family in the Goryeo Dynasty focused on some authority families such as Inju Lee clan(仁州李氏) or Jungan Im clan(定安任氏) in the early study after beginning study of Inju Lee clan(仁州李氏) of Hujida Ryosaku(藤田亮策) on a full-scale. However, the study objects were gradually intended for general aristocrat families. In addition contents of study became abundant and various with the study achievements that analyzed the family from the social, economic and philosophical point of view as well as political standpoint. Primarily, a study on aristocrat family in the Goryeo Dynasty needs to analyze according to the period and the themes. Secondly, it is necessary to study about the background of military official order(武班) family formation, the process of becoming military official order(武班), marriage and holding two offices civil official order(文班). Thirdly, it is needed to define the Gaeban(改班) more exactly and to grasp the background their features of Gaeban(改班) family. Then, it is necessary to compare with civil and military official order(文武班) family in the Age of the Military(武人政權期). Besides that, it is expected to continue to study of prerequisite to be an aristocrat family and status issue of civil and military official order(文武班).

조선후기 동래거주 함종(咸從) 어씨(魚氏)의 무임(武任) 가문(家門)으로의 성장과 그 사회문화적 의의

진상원 ( Sang Won Jin ) 한국고문서학회 2012 古文書硏究 Vol.41 No.-

Hamjong(咸從) Eossi(魚氏) family was one of military families residing in Dongnae(東萊) county. They emigrated and settled down in Dongnae county around the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592-1598) and manchu invasions of Korea(1627, 1636). The family are Known as military family but their inside is much more complicated than expectation. The family is dived into three pedigrees that originated from three sons of Eo, Shin-Gae(魚信개) the progenitor of the family in Dongnae county. Each pedigree is very different in the aspect of social status of its descendants. At the first, descendants of Eo, Bong-In(魚奉仁) the oldest son held not only military officer but also local clerk(吏胥). Originally their position as military officer was mainly low-ranking. But suddenly after the mid-nineteenth century, they got the Choonggoon(中軍) the highest rank of military officer and local clerk(吏胥). The next oldest son-Eo, Bong-Seon(魚奉善)`s descendants also started from low military officer and sometimes they had higher positions such as Byeoljang(別將), Baekchong(百摠). But since then, there`s no record of them so regarded as ruined. The youngest son-Eo, Bong-IL(魚奉日)`s pedigree is very special. Their start was not that different from others in the aspect of low-ranking military officer. However, they`ve made great effort for the seven generation including passing of mukwa(武科及第) and getting a citation for filial conduct. By those things, they`ve got through higher status and in the mid-nineteenth century, finally turned out the Choonggoon(中軍). In these process, they drew family tree and participated in publication of genealogy. These things were done for establishing the family`s noble identity as a posterity of yangban(兩班). And by receiving the citation, they were recognized as the people who practiced well confucianism, regarded as that only yangban could practice, by yangban. On the other hand, there is a noticeable fact in the genealogy. 60% of Eossi who recorded on Mucheongseonsaengan(武廳先生案), the book which records the name of military officer, and Bucheongseonsaengan(府廳先生案), the book which records the name of local clerk(吏胥), weren`t found in the genealogy. In Chosun Dynasty, putting one`s name on a genealogy was very important because it reflected one`s social status. So take these things into consideration, the fact that 60% of the family couldn`t put their names on the record means they mostly were ruined. Aspiration for higher status and collapse of sociocultural status, these two antithetic concepts are not only shown in the Hamjong Eossi`s case but also reflect social differentiation of military groups in Dongnae county. These differentiation appeared not in turbulent times like war but in peaceful time. It shows that the system of Dongnae county could be stable in such a dynamic and gradual social movement.

回復的 軍司法制度의 導入에 관한 硏究

金正鎭(Kim Jung-Jin) 한국법학회 2008 법학연구 Vol.31 No.-

주지하듯이, 2008년 5월말 제17대 국회가 종료되면서 회기 중 처리하지 못한 군사법 개혁안을 포함한 많은 법안들이 자동 폐기되었다. 이에, 새로운 ‘법’을 만드는 것에 비해 상대적으로 제정과 적용이 용이한 ‘제도’를 고찰해 보면서, ‘회복적 군사법제도’의 도입을 주장한다. 회복적 군사법제도란 기존의 군형사사법제도에 회복적 사법을 도입시키는 것인 바, 강제징집제도에 의해 10대 후반부터 20대 초반의 청소년층 연령으로 의무복무 중인 병사들에게도, 일반사회에서 동일 연령대 청소년들에게 적용하고 있는 회복적 소년사법 업무처리와 같은 사법의 기회를 제공하는 것이다. 즉, 군범죄를 저지르는 많은 병사들이 성숙된 사회생활을 경험하지 못한 채 군대에 입영했기 때문에, 현행과 같이 엄벌주의에 입각한 획일적인 군형벌로 처벌하기 보다는 일반사회의 청소년과 같은 보호의 대상으로 간주하여 일반 사회의 청소년에 대해 실시하고 있는 회복적 사법 적용을 군 병사들에게도 같은 개념으로 적용해야할 것이다. 한편, 이 제도의 성공적인 정착을 위하여, 세계 각 국에서 실행하고 있는 여러 가지 회복적사법 프로그램들을 우리나라 회복적 군사법제도에 잘 적용시킴이 바람직하다. 이에 대한 구체적 실행 방법에는 군형사화해중재 프로그램, 군범죄가족협의 프로그램, 군범죄피해자를 위한 군내 원스톱 지원체계, 군내 상담센터 설치 등이 있다. 강조하건데, 일반형사사법절차에서 한순간의 우발ㆍ충동적인 실수로부터 앞날을 어둡게 하지 않으려고 과거부터 비행청소년들에게 선도조건부 기소유예, 보호관찰 등의 사법 기회를 주어 오다가 최근에는 회복적 사법제도를 효과적으로 잘 활용하고 있는 점을 감안하여 우리 군에 회복적 군사법제도를 조속히 도입할 것을 재삼 주장한다. Since there is a limit in functional improvement plan for the existing Military Criminal Justice, introduction of Restorative Justice to Military Criminal Justice System, discussed occasionally as a structural counterproposal in these days, needs to be adopted actively. 'Military Criminal Reconciliation and Arbitration Program', 'Conference for Military Criminals and their Families', 'One-Stop Supporting System for Military Crimes', 'Counseling Centers for Military Criminals' are the examples of the introduction. Such 'Military Restorative Justice' programs can be great counterproposal plans which can bring a win-win-win effect to both 'Wrongdoer' and' Victim' of the military crime and the 'Military' itself. Soldiers in military service are mostly young adults who are more likely to commit a contingent and impulsive crimes. 'Sincere forgiveness from arbitration' and reconciliation are desperately needed in such a special group like the military. Start with the contingent and impulsive crimes of young soldiers in military service. Military Restorative Justice should gradually expand its application to more military crimes and reconciliation in military should be based on 'Sincere Forgiveness from Arbitration', not like in the general public.