Different mr-proANP-release in High Volume High Intensity Interval Exercise and Continuous Exercise Regimens with Matched Mean Intensity: A Cross-over Design Study

Julian Eigendorf(Julian Eigendorf ) 사피엔시아 2020 Exercise Medicine Vol.4 No.-

Objectives: Prevalence and risk factors of arterial stiffness and diabetes can be improved through physical activity and exercise. Atrial natriuretic peptid (ANP) does impact vasodilation and lipid metabolism and thus is connected to both pathologies. To extend insights in ANP-release we measured mid regional-proANP (mr-proANP) in different exercise training protocols in rest and at cessation of exercise. We evaluated a high volume high intensity interval (HVHIT), high volume sprint interval training (HVSIT) and a continuous exercise (CE) regimen with matched mean intensity. Methods: Subjects completed HVHIT (30s interval/30s pause), HVSIT (6s interval /24s pause) and continuous exercise (CE) over 45 min, as well as an initial graded exercise test (GXT) to asses maximum power output (PmaxGXT). Intervals during HVHIT were set to 100% PmaxGXT, intervals during SIT were set to 250% PmaxGXT and load during CE was set to 50% PmaxGXT. HVHIT, HVSIT and CE sessions were initiated with a 10 min warm-up and concluded with a 10 min cool-down. Venous blood samples were drawn at rest and after cessation of exercise. Results: Δmr-proANP was significantly different (p=0.048; RM ANOVA) between the three different exercise regimens. Δmr-proANP during CE was 17.8 (±2.0) pmol*l-1, during HVHIT 22.5 (±4.5) pmol*l-1 and during SIT 24.5 (±7.8) pmol*l-1. [Δmr-proANP] was not correlated to absolute power during intervals, peak oxygen uptake or heartrate, but was significantly correlated to Δlactate. Conclusions: We conclude that high intensity exercise causes a higher ANP-release than CE. This can be caused by the recurrent shift from relaxing and stressing of the heart muscle, which is known to trigger ANP-release. Other factors are likely to contribute to ANP-release.

tDCS를 결합한 고강도 인터벌 훈련이 축구선수의 유산소 운동능력에 미치는 영향

양대중 ( Dae-jung Yang ),엄요한 ( Yo-han Uhm ) 대한통합의학회 2021 대한통합의학회지 Vol.9 No.4

Purpose : This study examined the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined high intensity interval training (HIIT) on the aerobic exercise capacity of college soccer players. Methods : The subjects of this study were 30 college soccer players. They were divided into a high intensity interval training group combining transcranial direct current stimulation (Group I) and a high intensity interval training group (Group II). Each group had 15 subjects randomly assigned. After receiving general soccer training, each group additionally received high intensity interval training combined with transcranial direct current stimulation and high intensity interval training for 30 minutes 5 times a week for 8 weeks. Their VO2max and 20 meter shuttle run test, Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test were analyzed before the intervention. After 8 weeks of intervention, the above items were re-measured and an intergroup analysis was performed. Results : As a result of comparative analysis of VO2max intake between groups, 20 meter shuttle run test and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test, a statistically significant difference was found. The high intensity interval training group (Group I) combined with transcranial direct current stimulation showed a significant difference in aerobic exercise capacity compared to the high intensity interval training group (Group II). Conclusion : These results showed that high intensity interval training group combined with transcranial direct current stimulation was more effective for aerobic exercise. Based on this study, this study proposes an effective program for patients as well as elite athletes. In the future, it is necessary to develop an effective transcranial direct current stimulation program and to study how to apply it for various patients.

건강한 젊은 남성에서 일시적 타바타식 운동과 중강도 지속적 운동이 혈관기능에 미치는 효과 비교

박인구 ( In-goo Park ),김영우 ( Young Woo Kim ),조민정 ( Min Jeong Cho ),김현정 ( Hyun Jeong Kim ),제세영 ( Sae Young Jae ) 대한스포츠의학회 2020 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.38 No.3

Purpose: Regular moderate-intensity aerobic exercise confers immense vascular benefits, yet the lack of time remains the most common barrier to a regular exercise routine. A Tabata exercise is a type of high-intensity interval training exercise that is time efficient and has recently been demonstrated to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic profiles, but its benefits on vascular function still remain unclear. We tested the hypothesis that the Tabata-styled exercise would be as effective as moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) in improving vascular function in young healthy adults. Methods: Using a randomized, cross-over design, fourteen healthy men (age, 23.8±2.3 years; body mass index, 23.7±2.2 kg/m2) performed two acute exercise trials, separated at least by 72 hours: a modified Tabata-styled exercise (eight sets of 20-second exercise at 120% of maximal power output using a bike and 10-second rest, total 4 minutes) or a MICE for 30 minutes at a heart rate reserve of 40%-60%. Vascular function was assessed via brachial artery flow-mediated dilation and arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity and augmentation index) at baseline and again at 60 minutes and 120 minutes after exercise. Results: Compared with MICE, a Tabata-styled exercise increased heart rate at 60 minutes (p<0.05). Both exercises improved vascular function to a similar extent, as evidenced by an increase in flow-mediated dilation and a reduction in arterial stiffness at 60 minutes and 120 minutes (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that the Tabata-styled exercise is a time-efficient exercise strategy that is as effective as MICE in enhancing vascular function in healthy young men.

운동과 뇌신경가소성 : 고강도 인터벌 운동의 효과성 고찰

황지선(Ji Sun Hwang),김태영(Tae Young Kim),황문현(Moon-Hyon Hwang),이원준(Won Jun Lee) 한국생명과학회 2016 생명과학회지 Vol.26 No.1

운동은 중추와 말초의 각종 성장인자(BDNF, IGF-1, VEGF)들의 상호작용에 의해 뇌신경가소성을 증진시키고 인지기능을 향상시킨다. 지금까지 저·중강도 지속성 유산소 운동의 효과를 검증하는 선행연구가 주로 이루어졌기 때문에 고강도 운동에 따른 뇌신경성장인자의 발현 및 인지기능 개선 효과에 대한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 하지만 최근의 과학적 증거들은 고강도 인터벌 운동이 시간 효율성, 안전성, 심폐지구력 개선 및 체중 감소에 효과적임을 암시하고 있으며, 미스포츠의학회(ACSM)에서 권장하는 일반인을 위한 운동지침에서도 무리가 되지 않는 수준에서 고강도 인터벌 운동 수행을 강조하고 있다. 특히 최근에 발표된 선행 연구에서 고강도 인터벌 운동은 말초조직과 뇌에서의 BDNF, IGF-1, VEGF의 발현을 증가시키고 그로 인한 인지기능 발달에 기여한다는 것을 보고하였으며, 관련된 유력한 생리학적 기전으로 고강도 인터벌 운동으로 인한 뇌의 저산소화와 뇌신경대사의 부가적인 에너지원이 될 수 있는 젖산 이용성 증가가 대두되고 있다. 따라서 향후 저산소화 및 젖산 이용성 증가에 따른 뇌신경성장인자 발현 개선에 어떤 분자생물학적 기전이 관여하는지를 탐구할 필요가 있으며, 또한 동일한 운동량을 가진 저·중강도 지속성 유산소 운동과의 비교 연구를 통해 뇌신경성장인자의 발현 및 인지기능 개선에 있어 고강도 인터벌 운동의 우수성을 입증하는 연구가 요구된다. Exercise increases the expression and interaction of major neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) at both central and peripheral tissues, which contributes to improved brain and neural plasticity and cognitive function. Previous findings have been to understand the effect of light or moderate intensity aerobic exercise on neurotrophic factors and cognitive function, not that of high intensity aerobic exercise. However, recent findings suggest that high intensity interval training is a safe, less time-consuming, efficient way to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and weight control, thus American College of Sport Medicine (ACSM)’s guidelines for exercise prescription for various adult populations also recommend the application of high intensity interval training to promote their overall health. High intensity interval training also enhances the expression of BDNF, IGF-1, and VEGF at the brain and peripheral tissues, which improves cognitive function. Increased frequency of intermittent hypoxia and increased usage of lactate as a supplementary metabolic resource at the brain and neural components are considered a putative physiological mechanism by which high intensity interval training improves neurotrophic factors and cognitive function. Therefore, future studies are required to understand how increased hypoxia and lactate usage leads to the improvement of neurotrophic factors and what the related biological mechanisms are. In addition, by comparing with the iso-caloric moderate continuous exercise, the superiority of high intensity interval training on the expression of neurotrophic factors and cognitive function should be demonstrated by associated future studies.

비활동성 여성의 고강도 인터벌 운동과, 중강도 지속적 운동이 감정적 반응과 신경전달물질에 미치는 영향

최재일(ChoiJaeil) 한국체육학회 2019 한국체육학회지 Vol.58 No.4

이 연구는 비활동 여성 30명을 대상으로 중강도 지속 운동(moderate-intensity continuous exercise; MICE)과 고강도 인터벌 운동(high-intensity interval exercise; HIIE) 시 감정적 반응과 신경전달물질의 차이를 규명하기 위해 실시되었다. 두 집단 모두 설계된 일회성 트레드밀 운동을 실시하였고, 동일한 운동을 1주일 간격으로 총 3회 반복 실시하였다. MICE는 환기역치(VT) 50% 수준에서 5분간 준비운동 후 90%VT 수준에서 25분간 지속운동을 실시하였고 다시 50%VT 수준에서 5분간 정리운동을 실시하였다. HIIE는 115%VT 수준에서 2분간 6회 반복하였고, 중간의 운동성 회복은 85%VT 수준에서 2분간 4회 반복하였다. 통계분석결과 MICE는 첫 번째 실험에서 운동 중 감정반응과 운동 후 즐거움에 대해 긍정적으로 나타났지만 세 번째 실험에서는 부정적으로 나타났다. 반대로 HIIE는 첫 번째 실험에서 운동 중 감정반응과 운동후 즐거움에 대해 부정적으로 나타났지만 세 번째 실험에서는 긍정적으로 나타났다. 신경전달물질의 경우 3번의 실험에서 두 집단 모두 운동전에 비해 운동 10분 후 유의하게 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 종합해볼 때 비활동 여성에게 HIIE 운동이 운동순응을 높이는 전략이 될 수 있다고 판단된다. This study was conducted to investigate the differences between emotional responses and neurotransmitters in moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) in 30 low-active women. Both groups performed a designed acute treadmill exercise and repeated the same exercise three times at intervals of one week. MICE performed a 25-minute continuous exercise at 90% VT(ventilation threshold) after a 5-minute warm-up session at 50% VT and then cooled down for 5 minutes at 50% VT level. The HIIE was repeated 6 times for 2 minutes at 115% VT level, and the intermediate active recovery was repeated 4 times for 2 minutes at 85% VT level. The results of the statistical analysis are as follows. MICE was showed positive effect for feeling scale and PACES after exercise in the first experiment, but negative effect in the third experiment. Conversely, HIIE was showed negative effect for feeling scale and PACES after exercise in the first experiment, but positive effect in the third experiment. Neurotransmitters were significantly increased in all three groups after 10 minutes of exercise compared to before exercise. In summary, HIIE exercise may be a strategy to increase exercise compliance for low-active women.

고강도 인터벌 운동이 난소절제 쥐의 혈중 지질과 레닌-안지오텐신 시스템(RAS) 관련 인자에 미치는 영향

임은미(Eun-Mi Lim),김제원(Ze-One Kim),윤진환(Jin-Hwan Yoon) 한국생활환경학회 2021 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.28 No.1

In this study, we investigated the effects of high-intensity interval exercise on blood lipids and renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-related factors in ovariectomized rats. The rats were categorized into a control group (CON, n=10), an ovariectomized group (OVA, n=10), and an ovariectomized+high-intensity exercise group (OVA+HIE, n=10). High-intensity interval exercise was performed on a treadmill for 30 min per session, once a day for 12 weeks. Data was analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Compared with the other groups, the total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly reduced and the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly increased in the OVA+TE group after 12 weeks of high-intensity interval exercise. Additionally, ACE1 and AT1R mRNA expression were significantly reduced in the OVA+TE group. However, no significant intergroup difference was observed in SERCA2a mRNA expression. These results highlight that 12-week high-intensity interval exercise produced a positive effect on blood lipids and RAS-related factors in ovariectomized rats.

비만 유·무에 따른 고강도 인터벌 운동과, 중강도 지속적 운동이 감정적 반응, 도파민 및 젖산염 농도에 미치는 영향

성동준(Sung, Dong-Jun),최재일(Choi, Jae-Il) 한국체육과학회 2020 한국체육과학회지 Vol.29 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of emotional response, dopamine and lactate concentrations in moderate-intensity continuous exercise(MICE) and high-intensity interval exercise(HIIE)) according to with or without obesity. The subjects of this study were 30 adult males in their 20s and were divided into obesity group (OG, n=15) and non-obesity group (NOG, n=15). Treadmill exercise was performed with MICE (warm up for 5 minutes at 50% VT, exercise for time to consume 150㎉ at 90% VT, cool down for 5 minutes a t 50% VT) and HIIE ( repeated 5 t imes for 2 minutes at 115% VT, active recovery was repeated 4 times for 2 minutes at 85% VT). The results of the statistical analysis are as follows. MICE showed no difference in feeling scale between OG and NOF, and in HIIE, the feeling scale of OG was significantly negative compared to the NOG. In addition, the OG was more negative than the NOG in the PACES after exercise. Dopamine expression showed that both groups increased significantly after 10 minutes of exercise compared to before exercise in MICE and HIIE. At the concentration of lactate, the OG was significantly higher at the end of exercise than the NOG at HIIE.

Effects of Short-term Repeated Sprint Exercise Training and Moderate Intensity Continuous Exercise Training on Vascular Function in Healthy Young Adults

Hong Hye Rim,Choi Ye Ji,Choi Tae Gu,Kim Jae Yeop,Kim Yun Wook,Jung Yong Joon,Cho Min Jeong,Kim Hyun Jeong,Jae Sae Young 대한스포츠의학회 2024 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.42 No.2

Purpose: Moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) improves exercise capacity with vascular benefits, but time constraints hinder consistent adherence. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has emerged as a time-efficient alternative, with repeated sprint training (RST) being the shortest format. We hypothesized that RST would be as effective as MICT in improving vascular function and exercise capacity in young adults. Methods: Twenty-three adults (mean age, 26.2±3.8 years) were randomly assigned to either RST or MICT. RST involved 20 sets of 4-second cycling sprints followed by 30-second active recovery, totaling 11 minutes. MICT consisted of 30-minute cycling at 50% to 60% of heart rate reserve. Vascular function evaluated via brachial artery flow-mediated dilation. Exercise capacity (maximum oxygen uptake, total exercise load test time) and anaerobic capacity (maximum power, anaerobic threshold) were measured using maximum exercise tests. These variables were measured befre and after a 6-week training. Results: Both groups showed comparable improvements in flow-mediated dilation (p< 0.05). Maximum oxygen intake slightly improved, while total exercise time significantly increased for both (p< 0.05). Anaerobic threshold unchanged, while maximum power improved (p< 0.05). Conclusion: These findings underscore that RST is a time-efficient exercise strategy, which improves vascular function and exercise capacity as effectively as MICT in young adults.

Effects of High-Intensity Interval Exercise Program (Tabata Exercise Program) on Body Composition, Lower Limb Muscle Strength, and Cardiorespiratory Functional Capacity: A Pilot Study

( Alchan Kim ) 융합연구학회 2020 융합연구학회지 Vol.4 No.2

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of the Tabata exercise program on male college students’ body composition, lower limb muscle strength, and cardiorespiratory functional capacity. For this study, eight male college students with an average age of 20.6 participated, and after applying the Tabata exercise program twice a week for 8 weeks, we did a comparative analysis by measuring body composition, lower limb muscle strength, endurance, and maximum oxygen uptake before and after the program. To analyze the differences between measurement values before and after the exercise, we used Wilcoxon’s signed rank test among nonparametric statistical methods. Among the changes in body composition, there was a significant increase in skeletal muscle mass, but the change in weight was not significant. The study exhibited significant statistical increase in the skeletal muscle mass from 31.9 kg to 32.8 kg, and basal metabolism, which increased from 1583 kcal to 1613 kcal. Weight and body fat increased, but no significant statistical change was detected. In muscular strength, the left flexor showed a significant statistical increase, and in muscular endurance, both the right flexor/extensor and left flexor/extensor displayed significant statistical increases. There was also an increase in maximum oxygen uptake, but not much critical difference. These results indicate that the Tabata exercise program, which involves many lower limb movements, enhanced improvements in muscle mass, muscular strength, and muscular endurance when performed for 8 weeks.

Effects of high-intensity interval training and strength training on levels of testosterone and physical activity among women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Mubarra Rao,Amna Aamir Khan,Qurat Ul Ain Adnan 대한산부인과학회 2022 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.65 No.4

ObjectivePolycystic ovary syndrome is a diverse endocrine disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism and ovulatorydysfunction. Hyperandrogenism affects body morphology, resulting in excess weight (overweight or obesity). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of high-intensity interval training on serum testosterone levels, body fatpercentage, and level of physical activity among women with polycystic ovary syndrome. MethodsFifty participants were enrolled in the study and randomly allocated into two groups. Group A performed highintensityinterval training on alternate days per week (total of 12 weeks) and group B performed strength training onalternate days per week (total of 12 weeks). Baseline and 12th-week assessments included serum testosterone levels,body fat percentage using the skinfold method, and level of physical activity assessed using the International PhysicalActivity Questionnaire. ResultsAfter 12 weeks of intervention, both groups showed significant improvements in all the outcomes. However, groupA (high intensity interval training) showed statistically significant results compared to group B (strength training) inlowering serum testosterone levels (P=0.049) and body fat percentage (P=0.001) and increasing physical activity levels(P=0.006). ConclusionAfter 12 weeks of exercise, both exercises benefited the participants; however, high-intensity interval trainingspecifically was found to be a more effective exercise regimen than strength training in reducing serum testosteronelevels and body fat percentage and enhancing levels of physical activity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. 영어