운동과 뇌신경가소성 : 고강도 인터벌 운동의 효과성 고찰

황지선(Ji Sun Hwang),김태영(Tae Young Kim),황문현(Moon-Hyon Hwang),이원준(Won Jun Lee) 한국생명과학회 2016 생명과학회지 Vol.26 No.1

운동은 중추와 말초의 각종 성장인자(BDNF, IGF-1, VEGF)들의 상호작용에 의해 뇌신경가소성을 증진시키고 인지기능을 향상시킨다. 지금까지 저·중강도 지속성 유산소 운동의 효과를 검증하는 선행연구가 주로 이루어졌기 때문에 고강도 운동에 따른 뇌신경성장인자의 발현 및 인지기능 개선 효과에 대한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 하지만 최근의 과학적 증거들은 고강도 인터벌 운동이 시간 효율성, 안전성, 심폐지구력 개선 및 체중 감소에 효과적임을 암시하고 있으며, 미스포츠의학회(ACSM)에서 권장하는 일반인을 위한 운동지침에서도 무리가 되지 않는 수준에서 고강도 인터벌 운동 수행을 강조하고 있다. 특히 최근에 발표된 선행 연구에서 고강도 인터벌 운동은 말초조직과 뇌에서의 BDNF, IGF-1, VEGF의 발현을 증가시키고 그로 인한 인지기능 발달에 기여한다는 것을 보고하였으며, 관련된 유력한 생리학적 기전으로 고강도 인터벌 운동으로 인한 뇌의 저산소화와 뇌신경대사의 부가적인 에너지원이 될 수 있는 젖산 이용성 증가가 대두되고 있다. 따라서 향후 저산소화 및 젖산 이용성 증가에 따른 뇌신경성장인자 발현 개선에 어떤 분자생물학적 기전이 관여하는지를 탐구할 필요가 있으며, 또한 동일한 운동량을 가진 저·중강도 지속성 유산소 운동과의 비교 연구를 통해 뇌신경성장인자의 발현 및 인지기능 개선에 있어 고강도 인터벌 운동의 우수성을 입증하는 연구가 요구된다. Exercise increases the expression and interaction of major neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) at both central and peripheral tissues, which contributes to improved brain and neural plasticity and cognitive function. Previous findings have been to understand the effect of light or moderate intensity aerobic exercise on neurotrophic factors and cognitive function, not that of high intensity aerobic exercise. However, recent findings suggest that high intensity interval training is a safe, less time-consuming, efficient way to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and weight control, thus American College of Sport Medicine (ACSM)’s guidelines for exercise prescription for various adult populations also recommend the application of high intensity interval training to promote their overall health. High intensity interval training also enhances the expression of BDNF, IGF-1, and VEGF at the brain and peripheral tissues, which improves cognitive function. Increased frequency of intermittent hypoxia and increased usage of lactate as a supplementary metabolic resource at the brain and neural components are considered a putative physiological mechanism by which high intensity interval training improves neurotrophic factors and cognitive function. Therefore, future studies are required to understand how increased hypoxia and lactate usage leads to the improvement of neurotrophic factors and what the related biological mechanisms are. In addition, by comparing with the iso-caloric moderate continuous exercise, the superiority of high intensity interval training on the expression of neurotrophic factors and cognitive function should be demonstrated by associated future studies.

일회성 유산소 운동이 흡연자의 동맥경직도, 대뇌혈류량 및 인지기능에 미치는 영향: 중강도 지속성 vs. 고강도 인터벌

황지선 ( Jisun Hwang ),이루다 ( Ruda Lee ),김진수 ( Jin-su Kim ),황문현 ( Moon-hyon Hwang ) 한국운동생리학회(구 한국운동과학회) 2020 운동과학 Vol.29 No.3

PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the acute effects of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) with moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) on arterial stiffness, cerebral blood flow and cognitive function in young smokers. METHODS: Young smokers (23.1 years & 7.2 pack years) were randomly assigned to either MICE (n=5) or HIIE (n=4) group. MICE was implemented at 70% of HRmax for 30 minutes. HIIE was performed at 70% and 90% of HRmax for 24 minutes. Central artery stiffness was assessed by aortic pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), augmentation index (AIx) at pre and post-exercise, and 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 24 hours following the exercises. Cerebral blood flow was continuously monitored using near-infrared spectroscopy technique before and during exercise, and at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 24 hours following the exercises. Cognitive function was assessed by Stroop Color-Word test at pre-exercise, and 30 minutes and 24 hours following the exercises. RESULTS: There was no significant group by time interaction in cfPWV, AIx, cerebral blood flow (HbO₂) level, and cognitive function. Compared with MICE, cfPWV was increased (p=.01) at 30 minutes but AIx was decreased (p=.02) at 1 hour following HIIE. When MICE and HIIE combined, arterial stiffness and cerebral blood flow measures, and cognitive function parameters were improved following even one-bout of exercise (p≤.049). Change in AIx was associated with change in cognitive function at 30 minutes following the exercises (r=.69, p=.06). CONCLUSIONS: Even one-bout of either MIIE or HIIT acutely improves aortic wave reflection, cerebral blood flow and cognitive function in young smokers. The intensity of aerobic exercise does not seem to make meaningful differences in the positive effects on arterial stiffness, cerebral blood flow, and cognitive function in young smokers if both exercises have the same volume.

초미세먼지 환경에서의 일회성 유산소 운동이 동맥경직도에 미치는 영향

김진수 ( Jin-su Kim ),황문현 ( Moon-hyon Hwang ) 한국운동생리학회(구 한국운동과학회) 2021 운동과학 Vol.30 No.2

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the effect of one bout of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on arterial stiffness under ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure. METHODS: In a randomized crossover design, seven healthy young men performed 30 minutes of treadmill running at 70% of heart rate peak under high PM2.5 and low PM2.5 exposure. Arterial stiffness was assessed by measuring the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and augmentation index, a measure of pulse wave reflection before and after each exercise intervention. RESULTS: Regardless of the PM2.5 exposure, brachial systolic blood pressure and heart rate increased in response to one bout of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (p<.05). However, the augmentation index adjusted at a heart rate of 75 beats/min, central diastolic blood pressure, central mean arterial pressure, and brachial diastolic blood pressure were increased after one bout of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise under the high PM2.5 condition (p<.05). CONCLUSIONS: Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise at the high PM2.5 level may result in acute negative arterial stiffness and blood pressure responses even in healthy young men.

일회성 중강도 유산소 운동이 젊은 성인의 대뇌 혈류량과 인지기능에 미치는 영향: 트레드밀 vs. 고정식 에르고미터

강예진 ( Yejin Kang ),이루다 ( Ruda Lee ),황문현 ( Moon-hyon Hwang ),임명주 ( Myong-joo Lim ) 한국운동생리학회(구 한국운동과학회) 2020 운동과학 Vol.29 No.2

PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the acute effects of different types (treadmill vs. cycle) of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on cerebral blood flow and cognitive function in young adults. METHODS: By a randomized crossover study design, ten participants were initially assigned to either treadmill exercise (TE; n=5) or cycle ergometer exercise (CE; n=5) and then they performed the other with seven-day wash-out period. Both exercises were implemented at the target heart rate corresponding to 70% of heart rate reserve for 30 minutes. Cognitive function was assessed by the Stroop Color-Word test at pre- and post-exercise. Cerebral blood flow was continuously monitored using near-infrared spectroscopy technique during rest, cognitive function test (CFT), and exercise. RESULTS: There was a significant group by time interaction in tissue saturation index (TSI) (p=.046). Post-hoc analysis presented that TSI at post-exercise CFT was higher than during exercise in TE (p=.02). In both exercises, TSI at pre-exercise CFT significantly increased compared to the resting value (p=.001). Cerebral oxyhemoglobin level was significantly increased during exercise and at post-exercise CFT compared to the resting value in both exercises (p<.001). The reaction time for certain cognitive tasks such as color, word with matched color, word with color interference, and color with word interference was improved after both exercises (p<.05). CONCLUSIONS: One-bout of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise acutely improves cerebral blood flow and cognitive function even in healthy young adults. Exercise types with the same intensity do not seem to make meaningful difference in the positive effects of aerobic exercise.

젊은 성인의 신체활동 수준과 동맥경직도, 대뇌 혈류량, 인지기능 간 관련성

이루다 ( Ruda Lee ),김진수 ( Jin-su Kim ),이의영 ( Eui-young Lee ),박신영 ( Shin-young Park ),황문현 ( Moon-hyon Hwang ),임명주 ( Myong-joo Lim ) 한국운동생리학회 2021 운동과학 Vol.30 No.4

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship of physical activity level with arterial stiffness, cerebral blood flow, and cognitive function in young adults. METHODS: Forty-six young adults participated in this cross-sectional study. Physical activity levels were assessed for seven consecutive days using accelerometers. To assess arterial stiffness, the carotid-femoral artery pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and augmentation index (AIx) were measured. Cognitive function was assessed using the Stroop Color-Word test, and cerebral blood flow was evaluated using near-infrared spectroscopy devices during the cognitive function test. RESULTS: AIx was inversely associated with axis-1 counts, vector magnitude counts, moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA) time, and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) time (r≤-0.31, p≤.04). The AIx adjusted to the heart rate of 75 beats per minute was inversely correlated with axis-1 counts, vector magnitude counts, step counts, MPA time, and MVPA time (r≤-0.33, p≤.03). There was no relationship between cfPWV and physical activity level parameters (r≤0.10, p≥.51). The difference between oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin levels was positively related to axis-1 counts, step counts, MPA time, and MVPA time (r≥0.31, p≤.04). Regarding cognitive function, the response time for the presented words was negatively associated with step counts (r=-0.42, p<.01) and MPA time (r=-0.29, p=.048), and response time on the presented words with matched color was negatively related to step counts (r=-0.31, p=.04). CONCLUSIONS: More physically active adults are more likely to have lower arterial stiffness, increased brain oxygenation, and better cognitive function, even if they are young and healthy.

가정용 정수기 폐활성탄을 이용한 강우유출수 수질 향상 가능성 평가

최서윤(Seoyoon Choi),신유정(Yu Jeong Shin),채병민(Byeongmin Chae),모서연(Seoyeon Mo),황문현(Moon-Hyon Hwang),이도균(Do Gyun Lee) 대한환경공학회 2023 대한환경공학회지 Vol.45 No.5