보리의 잡종강세에 대한 연구

정원복,이재헌 東亞大學校生命資源科學大學附設 農業資源硏究所 1998 農業生命資援硏究 Vol.7 No.1

6조맥 4품종, 2조맥 3품종으로 각각 이면 교잡하여 얻은 F₁잡종으로 각 형질에 대한 Heterosis와 Heterobeltiosis 의 정도를 산출한 결과는 다음과 같다. 6조맥에 있어서 각 형질별의 Heterosis는 간장· 절간직경·망장·지엽장·1000립중이 Ⅰ·Ⅱ집단에서 정의 강세를 보였고, 분얼수·지엽폭·1수립수는 Ⅰ·Ⅱ집단에서 부로 나타났다. Heterobeltiosis는 지엽장과 1000립중이 Ⅰ·Ⅱ집단에서 정의 강세를 보인 반면 간장·분얼수·절간직경·망장·지엽폭·1수립수는 Ⅰ·Ⅱ집단에서 부의 현상이었다. 6조맥의 교배조합에 있어서 2 × 3(Suwon #6 × Samdugjeonbug #45)조합은 Heterosis에서 간장이 11.73, 절간직경이 6.75, 망장이 88.27, 지엽장이 36.10, 1000립중이 23.45%로 정의 강세를 보였고, Heterobeltiosis에서 간장이 7.52, 절간직경이 3.25, 망장이 51.66, 지엽장이 29.95, 1000립중이 21.66%로 각각 정의 강세를 보였다. 2조맥에서 각 형질별의 Heterosis는 지엽장·지엽폭·1수립수·1000립중이 Ⅰ·Ⅱ집단에서 정의 강세를 보였고, 간장·분얼수·망장이 부로 표현되었다. Heterobeltiosis는 절간지경과 1수립수가 Ⅱ집단에서 정의 강세를, 간장·분얼수·망장·지엽장·지엽폭·1000립중이 Ⅰ·Ⅱ집단에서 부의 현상이었다. 2조맥의 교배조합에 있어서 2 × 3(Cygen × Plumage)조합은 Heterosis에서 1수립수가 24.27, 1000립중이 17.45%이고, Heterobeltiosis에서 1수립수가 4.74, 1000립중이 3.81%로 각각 정의 강세를 보였다. This study was conducted by reciprocal diallel crosses using four six-rowed barley and three two-rowed barley to observe the degrees of heterosis and heterobeltiosis from F₁hybrid. The results obtained were as follows. In the six-rowed barley positive heterosis was observed in culm length, culm diameter, awn length, length of flag leaf, and 1000 grain weight from population Ⅰ and Ⅱ, while negative heterosis was showed in tiller number, leaf width, and number of grains per spike from population Ⅰ and Ⅱ, Moreover, positive heterobeltiosis was found in length of flag leaf and 1000 grain weight from population Ⅰ and Ⅱ, but negative heterobeltiosis was showed in culm length, tiller number, culm diameter, awn length, leaf width, and number of grains per spike from population Ⅰ and Ⅱ. In the cross of six-rowed barley Suwon #6 × Samdugjeonbug #45 combination showed positive heterosis as 11.73 percent in culm length, 6.75 in culm diameter, 88.27 in awn length, 36.10 in length of flag leaf, and 23.45 in 1000 grain weight. Also, in the same combination positive heterobeltiosis was observed as 7.52 percent in culm length, 3.25 inculm diameter, 51.66 in awn length, 29.95 in length of flag leaf, and 21.66 in 1000 grain weight, In the two-rowed barley positive heterosis was showed in length of flag leaf, leaf width, number of grains per spike, and 1000 grain weight from population Ⅰ and Ⅱ, while negative heterosis was found in culm length, tiller number, and awn length. Moreover, positive heterobeltiosis was showed in culm diameter and number of grains per spike from population Ⅱ, but negative heterobeltiosis was showed in culm length, tiller number, awn length, length of flag leaf, leaf width, and 1000 grain weight from population Ⅰ and Ⅱ. In the cross of two-rowed barley, Cygne × Plumage combination showed positive heterosis as 24.27 percent in number of grains per spike and 17.45 in 1000 grain weight. Also, in the same combination positive heterobeltiosis was observed as 4.74 percent in number of grains per spike and 3081 in 1000 grain weight.

Heterotic Performances for Seed Yielding on Inter-Varietal Hybrids in Cowpea(Vigna sinensis)

CHANG, KWON YAWL,KIM, JIN HYEONG 경상대학교 유전공학연구소 1989 遺傳工學硏究所報 Vol.8 No.-

In F_1 and F_2 of cowpeas, the heterotic effects for seed yielding were estimated to obtain the potentiality of sequential utilization of heterosis in cowpeas breeding, and to search the cross combinations having higher heterosis. Mean heterosis of the fifteen hybrids in F_1 was high as 83.52% over mid parent, 53.66% over better parent. Hybrids showing significant positive heterosis were exhibited as eleven in each parent over mid-and better, and the hybrids between TVu 1857×TVu 2702, TVu 2702×TVu 2885 and J 78×J 80 had twice superiority to their better parents. The greatest specific combining ability effect was observed for hybrid between J 78 and J 80, and the hybrids which had higher heterosis showed also comparatively high positive SCA effects. In F_2 following one generation of selfing, the significant positive heterosis over mid-parent was found out eight hybrids, and mean heterosis of all hybrids was relatively decreased as compared with F_1's. Only one hybrid between TVu 1857×TVu 2885 showed the significant positive heterosis more than 100% over better parent and high specific combining ability. On the whole, heterosis of hybrids which are TVu 1857×TVu 2885, TVu 2702×J 78 and TVu 2702×J 80 were a little low in F_1's, but showed rather increasing heterosis in F_2's. Accordingly, the result suggested that these hybrids were very good hybrids to be sequentially for early generations in heterosis breeding of cowpeas.

An Analysis of Heterosis in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori (L.)

Singh, Tribhuwan,Saratchandra, Beera,Murthy, Geetha N. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2002 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.5 No.1

The introduction of hybrid and exploitation of heterosis has played a vital role in Indian sericulture industry, which clearly depicts a quantum jump in silk production during the last four decades. Since, the introduction of heterosis, progress in silkworm breeding has depended on success or failure in identifying better combiners. Systematic procedures developed have enabled the breeders to identify the best combiners by combining ability test, line ${\TIMES}$ tester analysis or $D^2$ analysis for maximum expression of heterosis. The level of heterosis expressed in the crossbreed population is determined by the interaction between genotype and prevailing environmental factors. Except some of the pre and post cocoon parameters, heterosis is invariably higher in single crosses compared to three-way and double crosses. However, during hot and humid season, when rearing of F1 bivoltine hybrid is unsuccessful at field level and indigenous races results in very low and poor quality yield, three-way and double crosses can play an important role as an intermediary technology. The objective of this article is to review briefly the concept and causes of heterosis, utilization of different forms of heterosis in silk production and its significance in silkworm, Bombyx mori breeding.

QTL analyses of heterosis for grain yield and yield-related traits in indica-japonica crosses of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

추상호,Wenzhu Jiang,이주현,진중현,고희종 한국유전학회 2012 Genes & Genomics Vol.34 No.4

Two sets of rice materials, 166 RILs derived from a cross between Milyang 23 (Korean indica-type rice) and Tong 88-7(japonica Rice), and BC1F1 hybrids derived from crosses between the RILs and the female parent, Milyang 23, were produced to identify QTLs for heterosis of yield and yield-related traits. The QTLs were detected from three different phenotype data sets including the RILs, BC1F1 hybrids, and mid-parental heterosis data set acquired from the definition of mid-parental heterosis. A total of 57 QTLs were identified for nine traits. Of eight QTLs detected for yield heterosis, five overlapped with other heterosis QTLs for yield-related traits such as spikelet number per panicle, days to heading, and spikelet fertility. Four QTLs for yield heterosis, gy1.1, py6, gy10, and py11,were newly identified in this study. We identified a total of 17 EpQTLs for yield heterosis that explain 21.4 ~ 59.0 %of total phenotypic variation, indicating that epistatic interactions may play an important role in heterosis.

누에 絹·絲質에 관한 雜種强勢 및 組合能力檢定

文炳圓,韓鏡秀 한국잠사학회 1994 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.36 No.1

The study was conducted to obtain the genetic information on heterosis and combining ability of the quantitative characters for F1, hybrid breeding in silk worms. Six parental varieties and each set of 30 diallel crosses in F1's and F2's were used as materials. and bred on the randomized complete block design with three replications. Fourteen characters were observed with the twenty samples in each tray. The data were analyzed for (1) heterosis and combining abilily in F1 hybrid. The heterosis in the weight and the length of cocoon showed positively high at 24.51%, and 23.43%, respectively and the weight of the whole cocoon as well as the weight of the whole cocoon layer showed a significant heterosis ranging from 15.56% to 15.71% and from 17.14% to 19.01%, but the fifth and the total instar period showed negative heterosis. It was found that the combination between, C70 X Romogua and N9 X Romogua showed highly a negative heterosis on the fifth instar period and for the cocoon weight. The female of N9 Sansuian and the male of Romogua X Sansurian have a high heterosis effect, on the cocoon shell weight, and Sansurian X Romogua (reciprocal) on the length and the weight of cocoon filament with no regard to sexuality. The significant maternal and cytoplasmic effect on heterosis of the cocoon weight and the cocoon shell weight were observed with the combinations. N9 X C5, N63 X C70 and on the length of the cocoon filament with the combinations, Sansurian X N63, Sansurian X C5, Sansurian X C70 and N9 X C70, N63 X C70 on the weight of cocoon filament. As mean squares of GCA, SCA and RCA were sinificant with these combining abilily for all characters resulted from additive and non-additive altogether and there is a significant difference between reciprocals. Sansurian showed a negative GCA effect on the fifth and total larval duration, but the higher positive GCA effects took places with varieties N9 and C5 on the length, width, weight of cocoon, cocoon shell weight, Percentage of cocoon shell weight, length and weight of cocoon filament, percentage of raw-silk with no regard to both generations and silkworm sexuality. The values of SCA between the cross combinations varied generation- wise and sex-wise. It was shown that SCA value for the fifth instar period was highly negative for Sansurian X C70, Romogua X C70, Sansurian X C5, Romogua X C5, but it was positive effect on the cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight with N9 X C5, and C70 X Sansurian, on the length of cocoon filament with N9 X C5, Romogua X Sansurian on the weitht of cocoon filament between Romogua and N63 and on the percentage of raw-silk between the combination of Sansurian X Romogua.

참깨 F1世代의 雜種强勢效果과 優秀交配組合

李喆浩,李信雨 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 2006 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.19 No.-

참깨 13품종과 이들을 二面交雜하여 얻어진 78개의 F_(1)조합들을 대상으로 11개형질의 성적을 조사하여 heterosis효과를 검정한 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 交配親과 F_(1)의 형질을 비교해 보면, 開花期間, 成熟日數, 着□節數의 3형질을 제외한 모든 형질들에서 交配親에 비해 F_(1)의 형질들이 높게 평가되었다. 2. F_(1)에서 나타난 形質들의 heterobeltiosis를 보면 대부분의 형질에서 負의 有意性이 인정되었다. 3. 株當種實重은 23.76%의 가장 높은 heterosis효과를 보였고, 分枝數와 千粒重도 비교적 높게 평가되었으나 개화기간은 부의 heterosis효과가 높게 나타났다. 4. F_(1)세대에서 우수양친의 최대치보다 높게 나타난 조합이 많았던 형질들은 천립중, 주당수량, 착삭절수 등이었다. 5. 각 조합들의 수량에 대한 잡종강세효과를 보면 조합에 따라 그 정도와 방향이 달랐으나 -60.2~185.7%의 범위에서 높은 heterosis효과를 나타냈다. 6. 잡종강세효과가 가장 높게 인정된 조합을 보면 FAM2 및 수원11호의 교배조합들이었다. Heterosis and superior cross combinations for 13 agronomic characters in sesame were studied over cross populations from 13×13 diallel crosses. The significant positive heterosis over mid parent were observed for all characters, except days to flowering, days to maturity stem and number of capsule bearing node. Grain weight(yield) was expressed as the highest heterosis with -60.02~185.7%, the cross combinations of variety of FAM2 and Suweon 11 were superior among the other combinations.

Identification of Heterosis QTLs for Yield and Yield-Related Traits in Indica-Japonica Recombinant Inbred Lines of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

김창국,추상호,박한용,서정환,김백기,이길응,고희종,진중현 한국육종학회 2017 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.5 No.4

Supplying sufficient rice to growing populations is a global challenge. Hybrid indica rice varieties exploiting heterosis have increased yields, but inter-subspecific crosses between indica and japonica varieties are hampered by sterility. Examination and genetic understanding of yield heterosis in indica/japonica crosses addressing yield barriers are basic requirements. In this study, QTLs for heterosis of yield traits were identified in indica-japonica recombinant inbred lines (RILs) using a total of 178 RILs originating from Dasanbyeo (indica) × TR22183 (japonica) (DT-RILs) and their backcrossed populations. Nine of sixty-six major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) identified in DT-RILs exhibited heterosis. Heterosis QTLs clustered with other traits on chromosomes 1, 4, and 8, and clusters were conserved between different RILs. The clusters contained several known yield enhancement genes/QTLs. Specific heterotic allele combinations contributed to four major heterosis QTLs, particularly for panicle and spikelet number traits. Heterosis for yield and yield-related traits was explained by the harmonized effects of overdominance, dominance, and epistatic interactions in inter-subspecific breeding populations.

Correlations of Genic Heterozygosity and Variances with Heterosis in a Pig Population Revealed by Microsatellite DNA Marker

Zhang, J.H.,Xiong, Y.Z.,Deng, C.Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.5

Correlation of microsatellite heterozygosity with performance or heterosis was reported in wild animal populations and domestic animal populations, but the correlation with heterosis in a crossbreeding F$_1$ pig population remained uncertain. To explore this, we had random selected and mated Yorkshire${\times}$Meishan (F, n = 82) and their reciprocal (G, n = 47) to F$_1$, and used the two straightbreds as control groups (Yorkshire = 34, Meishan = 55), and observed the heterosis of birth weight (BWT), average daily gain (ADG) and feed and meat ratio (FMR). Two Kinds of measurement-individual heterozygosity (IH) and individual mean d$^2$ (lg value, ID) were used as index of heterozygosity and variance from 39 microsatellite marker loci to perform univariate regression analysis against heterosis. We detected significant correlation of IH with BWT in all of F$_1$ (F+G) and in F. We observed significant correlation of ID with ADG in all of F$_1$ (F+G), and with FMR in all of F$_1$ (F+G) and in F. There was significant maternal effect on heterosis, which was indicated by significant difference of means and distribution of heterosis between F and G. This difference was consistent with distributions of IH and ID, and with difference of means in F and G. From this study, it would be suggested that the two kinds of genetic index could be used to explore the genetic basis of heterosis in crossbreeding populations but could not determine which is better.

Genome-wide analysis of heterosis-related genes in non-heading Chinese cabbage

Yi, Hankuil,Lee, Jeongyeo,Song, Hayong,Dong, Xiangshu,Hur, Yoonkang The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2017 식물생명공학회지 Vol.44 No.3

Heterosis or hybrid vigor describes a phenomenon that superior phenotypes compared to the two parents are observed in the heterozygous $F_1$-hybrid plants. Identification and characterization of heterosis-related genes (HRGs) will facilitate hybrid breeding in crops. To identify HRGs in Brassica rapa, we analyzed transcriptome profiling using a Br300K microarray in non-heading Chinese cabbage at three developmental stages. A large number of genes were differentially expressed in $F_1$ hybrids and non-additive expression was prominent. Genes that are expressed specifically for $F_1$ hybrid at all three stages were Brassica-specific uncharacterized genes and several defense-related genes. Expression of several photosynthesis- and stress-related genes were also $F_1$ hybrid-specific. Thirteen NBS-LRR class genes showed high and specific expression in $F_1$ hybrid Shulu: some of them were characterized as defense genes in Arabidopsis, but most have not been. Further characterization of these defense-related genes in Brassica species and its application will be helpful for understanding the role of defense responses in heterosis. In addition, results obtained in this study will be valuable to develop molecular markers for heterosis and disease resistance in B. rapa.

Genome-wide analysis of heterosis-related genes in non-heading Chinese cabbage

이한길,허윤강,이정여,송하용,Xiangshu Dong 한국식물생명공학회 2017 JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY Vol.44 No.3

Heterosis or hybrid vigor describes a phenomenon that superior phenotypes compared to the two parents are observed in the heterozygous F1-hybrid plants. Identification and characterization of heterosis-related genes (HRGs) will facilitate hybrid breeding in crops. To identify HRGs in Brassica rapa, we analyzed transcriptome profiling using a Br300K microarray in non-heading Chinese cabbage at three developmental stages. A large number of genes were differentially expressed in F1 hybrids and non-additive expression was prominent. Genes that are expressed specifically for F1 hybrid at all three stages were Brassica-specific uncharacterized genes and several defense-related genes. Expression of several photosynthesis- and stress-related genes were also F1 hybrid-specific. Thirteen NBS-LRR class genes showed high and specific expression in F1 hybrid Shulu: some of them were characterized as defense genes in Arabidopsis, but most have not been. Further characterization of these defense-related genes in Brassica species and its application will be helpful for understanding the role of defense responses in heterosis. In addition, results obtained in this study will be valuable to develop molecular markers for heterosis and disease resistance in B. rapa.