경찰관의 성평등인식이 직무만족에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 : 남성중심조직문화의 조절효과를 중심으로

이은정(Lee, Eun-Jung),박재풍(Park, Jae-Poong) 한국공안행정학회 2020 한국공안행정학회보 Vol.29 No.5

Much criticism and attention has been raised in recent police activities related to gender equality. Among the various police activities, police activities that lack gender equality awareness during patrols as well as handling cases involving female victims are being highlighted as factors that undermine citizens trust in the police. In addition, gender equality awareness and gender sensitivity are emerging as key topics within the organization, and experts are diagnosing the police organization s male-centered organizational culture, known as macho culture, as a hindrance to gender equality awareness in the organization. The study conducted empirical analysis of 779 police officers on gender equality awareness and job satisfaction, as well as the relationship between gender equality awareness and male-centered organizational culture when they interact. As a result, the direct effects between gender equality awareness and job satisfaction has not been verified. However, the relationship between gender equality awareness, male-centered organizational culture and job satisfaction confirmed that the male-centered organizational culture had an negative(-) effect on job satisfaction. In addition, the hypothesis that when gender equality awareness and male-centered organizational culture interact, the relationship between them has an negative(-) effect on job satisfaction through the adjustment effect has been verified. Based on these findings, the following suggestions can be made: First, the improvement of male-centered organizational culture, second, the enhancement of gender equality awareness education and training, and finally, the enhancement of research functions for the change of individual police perception. 최근의 경찰활동에서 많은 비판과 관심이 제기되고 있는 부분은 성평등 관련이슈이다. 여러 경찰활동 중 여성 피해자와 관련한 사건처리는 물론이고, 순찰 시에도 성평등인식이 결여된 경찰활동은 시민의 경찰에 대한 신뢰를 저해하는 요인으로 부각되고 있다. 또한 조직 내에서도 성평등인식과 성인지감수성 등이 핵심 주제로 떠오르고 있으며, 특히 경찰조직의 남성중심조직문화 일명 마초문화가 조직내 성평등인식의 저해요소로 전문가들이 진단하고 있다. 이 연구는 경찰관 779명을 대상으로 성평등인식과 직무만족에 대한 영향관계, 성평등인식과 남성중심조직문화가 상호작용했을 때 직무만족과의 영향관계를 실증분석했다. 그 결과 성평등인식과 직무만족 간의 직접적인 영향관계는 검증되지않았다. 그러나 성평등인식, 남성중심조직문화와 직무만족 간의 영향관계는 남성중심조직문화가 직무만족에 부적(-)인 영향이 나타났음을 확인하였다. 그리고 성평등인식과 남성중심조직문화가 상호작용할 경우, 이 들 간의 영향관계는 조절효과를 통하여 직무만족에 부적(-)인 영향을 미친다는 가설도 검증되었다. 이러한연구결과를 바탕으로 다음과 같은 제언을 할 수 있다. 첫째, 남성중심조직문화의개선, 둘째, 성평등인식 교육훈련의 강화, 마지막으로 경찰 개개인의 인식변화를위한 연구기능의 강화이다.

보육교사의 다문화 인식과 양성평등의식 정도 및 상관성 조사연구

안옥희,차혜경,박성희 한국자료분석학회 2012 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.14 No.3

This study was a descriptive survey to examine degree of recognition of multiculture and awareness of gender equality of nursery teachers, the difference of recognition of multiculture and awareness of gender equality according to demographic characteristics and the correlation between recognition of multiculture and awareness of gender equality. Targeting 368 nursery teachers, it undertook data collection from August to October 2011. Consequently, nursery teachers displayed a positive level of multicultural recognition which stood at 3.42±0.50 on a 5-point scale and a high level of awareness of gender equality which remained at 3.06±0.32 on a 4-point scale. They recorded a lower level of recognition of multiculture in case of younger age, shorter working times, lower education level, less teaching career, and less training experience on multiculture. Their awareness of gender equality became lower in case of older age, male, and shorter working times. 본 연구는 보육교사의 다문화 인식과 양성평등의식 정도를 파악하고 보육교사의 일반적 특성에 따른 다문화 인식과 양성평등의식에 차이 및 두 변수 간의 상관관계가 있는지를 확인하기 위해 시도한 서술적 조사연구이다. 연구대상은 어린이집에 재직 중인 보육교사 368명이었으며, 2011년 8월부터 10월까지 자료를 수집하였다. 연구결과, 보육교사의 다문화 인식 정도는 5점 척도 중 3.42±0.50으로 다문화에 대해 긍정적으로 인식하고 있었으며, 양성평등의식 정도는 4점 척도 중 3.06±0.32로 높은 양성평등의식을 갖고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 보육교사의 나이가 어릴수록, 근무시간이 짧을수록, 학력이 낮을수록, 근무경력이 짧을수록, 다문화에 대한 연수 경험이 없을수록 다문화 인식 점수가 낮게 나타났다. 보육교사의 나이가 많을수록, 남성일수록, 근무시간이 짧을수록 양성평등의식 점수가 낮게 나타났다. 또한, 다문화 인식과 양성평등의식 간에 정적인 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

여행업 종사자의 성 평등 인식차이 및 성인지에 미치는 영향연구

한학진(Han Hag-chin),강혜숙(Kang Hye-sook) 한국호텔관광학회 2016 호텔관광연구 Vol.18 No.2

Tourism offers the potential to contribute to development goals including women``s empowerment and equality in tourism field. This research tries to investigate gender equality and gender recognition of the travel agency employee. The data were collected from 111 employees who are working at small and medium sized travel agency in seoul from February to April, 2015. Several statistical analyses such as frequency, t-test, multiple regression analysis were conducted. The Results of this paper are as follows. First, there was a slight difference between two groups as a result of t-test for gender equality perception. Second, multiple regression analysis showed that factors influencing the gender equality perception among travel agency employee on age, travel agency management types, and satisfaction. Moreover, several items such as decision making participation, supporting from management, sufficient empowerment still influence on the gender equality. Practical implications including policy suggestions were discussed conclusion section.

The Change of Women's Social Status in Korea : Progress and Reaction

Young Lan Kim 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2011 Asian Women Vol.27 No.1

This paper examines changes in Korean women’s social status over the last 30 years, both before and after the enactment of the Women’s Development Act in 1995. Social status is a social form of differentiation and value assessment, and the status of men and women are positioned differently within its process. Thus, social status is not naturally granted, but it shows the vicissitudes of society. Women’s social status appears in the context of overall society, and this research examines the type variation of gender equality- as gender neutrality, gender recognition, and de-gendering or deconstructing the gender- as the status changes in politics, economy, human rights through statistics, and the status changes through laws and systems. By tracing the improvement in Korean women’s social status over the last 30 years, I show that women’s social status has become practically equal to men’s in many social sectors, such as in occupation, legal rights, education, political participation, and other areas. However, despite all this evidence of official equality, there are still questions about the true improvement of women’s social status and gender equality due to remaining inequalities, such as the scarcity of women in professional fields, the prevalent imbalance in housework, and the increase of sexual and domestic violence towards women, the coherent belief in gender differences, and others. In the future, the endeavor for the improvement of women’s social status should explain the paradoxical inequality hidden underneath the superficial success that has been seen thus far.

The change od Women's Social Status in Korea : Progress and Reaction

김영란 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2011 Asian Women Vol.27 No.1

This paper examines changes in Korean women’s social status over the last 30years, both before and after the enactment of the Women’s Development Act in 1995. Social status is a social form of differentiation and value assessment, and the status of men and women are positioned differently within its process. Thus,social status is not naturally granted, but it shows the vicissitudes of society. Women’s social status appears in the context of overall society, and this research examines the type variation of gender equality- as gender neutrality, gender recognition,and de-gendering or deconstructing the gender- as the status changes in politics, economy, human rights through statistics, and the status changes through laws and systems. By tracing the improvement in Korean women’s social status over the last 30years, I show that women’s social status has become practically equal to men’s in many social sectors, such as in occupation, legal rights, education, political participation,and other areas. However, despite all this evidence of official equality,there are still questions about the true improvement of women’s social status and gender equality due to remaining inequalities, such as the scarcity of women in professional fields, the prevalent imbalance in housework, and the increase of sexual and domestic violence towards women, the coherent belief in gender differences,and others. In the future, the endeavor for the improvement of women’s social status should explain the paradoxical inequality hidden underneath the superficial success that has been seen thus far.

유아교육기관의 남자 유아교사에 대한 학부모의 인식변화 연구

조승현,박희숙 한국영유아보육교육학회 2019 영유아보육교육연구 Vol.2 No.2

본연구는유아교육기관의남자유아교사가담당하는학급의부모들이학기초에남자유 아교사에대하여어떤인식을가지고있는지, 남자유아교사가자녀의학급담임교사를담당 한 후에 어떠한변화가 있는지를비교분석함으로써 남자 유아교사의유아교직 적응도와 유아교육기관에서의 남자 유아교사의 필요성, 남자 유아교사의 역할 및 자질을 유아교직 적응도에 관한 기초 자료를제공하는데목적을 두고 연구하였다. 본 연구 대상은남자유아교사 가학급담임교사를하는 유아교육기관에자녀를맡기는11개 유아교육기관의학부모312명 이며, 연구 분석은 SPSS 18.0프로그램을 사용하여 백분율(%)을 구하였고 학부모들의 인식 차이를 알아보기 위해 X2-검증과 t-검정을 실시하였다. 본 연구는 연구결과 남자 유아교사 에대한사회인식, 학부모의인식변화를위해교사교육, 부모교육등의연구를통해인식변 화가 필요하고 남자도 유아교육에 참여할 수 있는 분위기를 만들어 유아교육이 양성교육을 지향하는 곳이 되도록 노력해야함을 시사해준다. This study set out to provide basic data for the adaptation to the profession of early childhood education among male early childhood teachers. The SPSS 18.0 program was used to obtain percentage(%), and X2-test and t-test were conducted to examine differences in parents' recognitions. The findings were summarized as follows:First, parents' recognitions of a need for male early childhood teachers, fitness of education and childcare, provision of various educational programs, and marital status changed in a positive way after they were in charge of a class. Second, there were differences in parents' recognitions of the qualifications and roles of male early childhood teachers before and after they were in charge of a class. Based on those findings, Teacher education and parent education should be provided to change the recognitions of male early childhood teachers in society and among parents. It is also required to create an atmosphere encouraging the participation of male teachers in early childhood education so that early childhood education will pursue gender equality.

체육전공대학생의 양성평등 의식에 관한 연구

권구명(Kwon, Goo-Myeung),김옥주(Kim, Ok-Ju) 한국체육과학회 2019 한국체육과학회지 Vol.28 No.1

The study sought to study the status of the awareness of gender equality by reviving the sense of gender equality among college students in physical education and to provide basic data on the educational programs for college students in physical education. For this purpose, the Commission collected data using the positive equality consciousness questionnaire and utilized the SPSS PC+ 21.0 Version statistical program to collect data from the 237 physical education college students enrolled in universities in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do Province. This resulted in the following conclusions. First, it showed that men perceive gender equality higher than women. Second, it turns out that there are no differences in the sense of gender equality among sports college students. Thirdly, it has been shown that the school’s students’ sense of gender equality is higher in the un-athletes’ group than in the athletes’ group.

The Legal Institution of Korea for Prevention of Sexual Harassment at Work as a Sex Discrimination

이광택 국민대학교 법학연구소 2013 법학논총 Vol.25 No.3

The term “sexual harassment” had not been found in the positive legislation, until the Framework Act on Women Development(WDFA)was enacted in 1995. The judicial court began to use the term “sexual harassment” by the Supreme Court in 1998. After the Supreme Court’s decision, the Seoul Appellate Court in 1999 held that the defendant’s conduct of sexual harassment constituted unlawful act and ordered 5mill. won(USD 4,644) payment to the plaintiff. The liability of employers was recognized by the Seoul District Court in 2002 for the first time. The concept of “sexual harassment” was included in the Gender Equal Employment Act(GEEA) in 1999. The concept of “sexual harassment” in the Act on Ban on Sex Discrimination and Its Relief(SDARA), which existed 1999-2005 was succeeded by the National Human Rights Commission Act(NHRCA). Korea is characterized for tackling the sexual harassment not only from the viewpoint of working environment of workplace, but also from the viewpoint of feminism and further from the human rights. The Government resorts for the prevention, dispute settlement and punishment of the sexual harassment are the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family(MOGEF), the Ministry of Employment and Labor(MOEL) and the National Human Rights Commission(NHRC). Among three resorts of Government institutions, the MOGEF has the responsibility to implement the WDFA. The annual inspection on measures for the prevention of sexual harassment taken by State agencies, etc. is the first mission the MOGEF. The MOGEF is asked to take necessary measures, such as special education for managers,with respect to State agencies, etc. which have taken unsatisfactory measures for the prevention of sexual harassment. The Ministry is required to make public the inspection results in the press, etc. It means that the MOGEF is policy-oriented from the viewpoint of feminism. The GEEWFRSA, which prohibited the sexual harassment at work with a sanction of fine for negligence not exceeding 10 mill. won(USD 9,289), imposed not a few obligations on the employers. They are obliged to conduct education to prevent sexual harassment at work or entrust it to the designated educational institution. It is also the obligation of the employers to take disciplinary measures against the offender. The employers are also required to prevent sexual harassment by the clients. Further the employers have to strive for autonomous dispute settlement, if the workers file report on grievances on the matters of prevention of sexual harassment. The MOEL is apparently oriented from the viewpoint of working environment. The mission of the NHRC on matters of sexual harassment is expected to be comprehensive, as the sexual harassment is regarded as a sex discrimination. With respect to any petition, the Commission may propose to both parties a remedy necessary for the fair resolution and may recommend a compromise. If both parties failed to reach compromise, the conciliation committee may make a decision in lieu of the conciliation. In addition, the Commission may request the Korea Legal Aid Corporation or any other institution to render legal aid to the victims. As the decision of the Commission is directed to fairly settle the dispute from the prospect of human rights, it might be flexible and future-oriented. Since 2005 when the business of sex discrimination was transferred from the MOGE to the NHRC, the cases have been piled up. The NHRC is expected to develop the solution models through an evolution process.

젠더 관점에서 본 여학생들의 치마교복: 부산지역 K여자고등학교를 중심으로

우춘아 ( Chun A Woo ),오경희 ( Kyong Hee Oh ),김희용 ( Hoy Yong Kim ) 한국교육철학학회(구 교육철학회) 2011 교육철학연구 Vol.33 No.4

본 연구는 이제까지 교육과정에서 주변적인 것으로 다루어졌던 학교 일상생활 속에서의 젠더에 관한 주제를 여학생들의 ``치마교복``을 통해 조명해보고자 하였다. 이를 위해, 부산시내 K여자고등학교 1학년 36명(치마교복 착용 30명, 바지교복 착용 6명)을 대상으로 면담, 토론, 문헌연구 연구 등을 병행하여, "왜 여전히 여학생은 치마교복을, 남학생은 바지교복을 입어야 하는가?"라는 질문에 대한 여학생들의 인식과 그들의 요구를 살펴보았다. 그 결과를 살펴보면, 먼저, ``치마교복``에 대한 여학생들의 인식과 교사들의 인식에는 차이가 있었다. 그리고 ``치마교복``은 의복 그 자체의 의미보다는 그것이 지니는 상징적 의미가 더 강하게 영향을 미치고 있었음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 치마교복``의 불편함과 제약에 대한 여학생들의 다양한 대응을 통해, 학생들이 단지 사회구조에 의해 또는 기성세대의 사고에 의해 움직이는 수동적 존재가 아님을 확인할 수 있었다. 이와 같은 논의들을 통해, 학교현장에 아직도 존재하는 성차별적인 사회문화적 환경을 개선하여 보다 진일보된 양성평등 사회를 형성하는 데 기여하고자 하였다. This search aims at reflecting on the issue of gender in students`` everyday lives, which has been considered peripheral in curriculum, through the problem of ``skirt uniform``. Thirty six lst-grade female students(including 30 skirt-wearing girls and 6 trouser-wearing girls) were subjected to the search for their perception to the question "why is it that girls should wear skirts and boys wear trousers for their uniforms?" and their demands, assisted by the method of interview, discussion, and literature studies. To look into the results, there existed a gap in the recognition towards ``skirt uniform`` between female students and teachers and also the act of wearing that was more powerfully influenced by its symbolic meaning rather than the meaning itself has as an outfit. Moreover, various responses to the restrictions and inconveniences of ``skirt uniform`` have ascertained that students are not passive beings at the mercy of social structures and the ideology of the established. These discussions are expected to make some contributions to a more equal society overcoming the sex-discriminational sociocultural environment in schools.

지역 경계를 넘어선 변혁적 젠더 정의론: 결혼이주여성 중심으로 살펴보기

임경희 지역사회학회 2023 지역사회학 Vol.24 No.1

이 글은 프레이저의 다문화주의 사회에 정의적 문제에 함의된 요소로, 경제적 분배와 정체성 인정을 결합한 젠더 정의의 이차원적 접근과 한 걸음 더 나아가서 이차원적 젠더 정의를 가능하게 하는 ‘참여동등의 정의’를 살펴보았다. 구체적인 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 결혼이주여성의 정체성 기반 배제와 차별 문제를 분배와 인정 모두 포괄할 수 있도록 그에 상응하는 젠더 정의의 이차적 접근을 검토하였다. 우선 “젠더” 관련 이슈를 가진 결혼이주여성은 재분배와 인정의 문제가 함께 얽혀 있는 2가 집단임을 확인하였다. 연구자가 2021년 인터뷰한 결혼이주여성 사례를 재분석, 민족과 성에 대한 배제와 같은 인정을 둘러싼 정체성 정치가 경제적 불평등인 분배정치와 맞닿아 있음을 확인하였다. 둘째, 나아가 결혼이주여성 불평등 문제는 프레이저가 논의한 경제적, 사회적, 정치적인 차원에서 다루어져야 하고, 이를 위해서는 경제적 분배와 사회적 인정을 넘어서 정치적 ‘동등한 참여’라는 정의의 기준이 통합되어야 함도 사례를 통해 입증하였다. 마지막으로 셋째, 불평등 분배와 불인정을 시정하고 ‘집단의 특수성을 유지하는 분화 질서를 폐지’하는 방안과 ‘집단의 특수성을 인정함으로써 분화 부추기’는 딜레마의 상황을 해결하는 방법으로 프레이저의 ‘동등 참여’가 제시되었다. 결국 ‘제도적/문화적 장치 바꾸기 방안’은 지역적 경계를 넘어선 변혁적 젠더정의를 실현하는 것이다