한국 땃쥐속 우수리땃쥐 Crocidura lasiura와 작은땃쥐 C. suaveolens, 뒤쥐속 뒤쥐 Sorex caecutiens의 치아형태와 Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy를 이용한 법랑질 표면의 정성적 분석 비교

정순정 ( Soon Jeong Jeong ) 한국치위생과학회 2013 치위생과학회지 Vol.13 No.2

한국 땃쥐속 우수리땃쥐 Crocidura lasiura와 작은땃쥐 C. suaveolens, 뒤쥐속 뒤쥐 Sorex caecutiens의 치아형태와 법랑질 표면의 함유물을 EDX를 이용하여 정성 분석하였다. 우수리땃쥐와 작은땃쥐의 경우, 치식은 I3/1 C1/1 P1/1 M3/3=28이었고, 상악 제1대구치와 제2대구치는 5개의 교두들로 만들어진 균형이 맞지 않는 W형을 가지고 있었고, 상악 제3 대구치는 상악 제1대구치와 제2대구치의 3/1크기였으며, 상악 제1절치는 2개의 다른 크기의 갈고리 모양이었으며, 하악 제1 절치는 매끈하였다. 뒤쥐의 경우, 치식은 I3/1 C1/1 P3/1 M3/3=32이었고, 상악 제1대구치와 제2대 구치는 균형이 맞는 W형을 가졌고 상악 제3대구치는 다른 대구치의 약 절반 크기였으며, 상악 제1절치는 2개의 비슷한 크기의 갈고리 모양이었으며 하악 제1절치는 매끈하지 않은 톱니모양이었다. 치아와 두개골 측정치 비교에서 우수리땃쥐가 3종 중 가장 컸으나(p<0.001), 작은땃쥐와 뒤쥐는 크기에서 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). EDX를 이용한 하악 제1절치와 하악 제1대구치의 법랑질 표본의 정성적 분석으로부터, C, O, P, Ca, Cu가 모든 표본에서 검출되었고 Pb는 몇몇 표본에서만 검출되었다. 3종들에서 이들의 함유량은 통계적 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). Fe는 붉게 착색된 치아를 가지는 뒤쥐의 법랑질 표면에서만 검출되었다. 따라서 Fe가 치아의 붉은 착색의 원인이다. 이상의 결과들은 치아 끝의 색을 포함한 치아 형태학적 특징들이 땃쥐속과 뒤 쥐속의 분류키가 될 수 있음을 시사하고 있다. The tooth morphology and qualitative mineral contents on enamel surface using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, (EDX) were examined in the white-toothed shrew (genus Crocidura) Crocidura lasiura and C. suaveolens and the red-toothed shrew (genus Sorex) Sorex caecutiens. In the case of C. lasiura and C. suaveolens, dental formula was found I 3/1 C1/1 P1/1 M3/3=28. The upper 1st and 2nd molars had an unequal W-shape formed by 5 cusps on the crown. The 3rd molar was found one-third the size of those of 1st and 2nd molars. The upper 1st incisor had two different sized hook-shapes and the lower 1st incisor was even. In the case of S. caecutiens, dental formula was found to be I3/1 C1/1 P3/1 M3/3=32. The upper 1st and 2nd molars had an equal W-shape on crown. The upper 3rd molar was half the size of those of the other molars. The upper 1st incisor possessed two similar sized hook-shapes and the lower 1st incisor had an uneven and serrated form. A comparison with the dental and cranial measurements revealed C. lasiura to be the largest of the three species (p<0.001) and C. suaveolens and S. caecutiens were similar in size (p>0.05). A qualitative analysis of mineral contents on enamel surface of the lower 1st incisor and lower 1st molar using EDX revealed C, O, P, Ca and Cu in all specimens and Pb was detected in several enamel specimens. No significant differences in the mineral contents (% weight) were observed among the three species (p>0.05). Fe was only detected on enamel surface of S. caecutiens with red pigmented teeth. Therefore, Fe is responsible for the red tip of the teeth. These results suggest that tooth morphological characteristics including the color of the tooth tip might be used as the key classifying species belonging to Crocidura and Sorex.

Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic investigation of a fractured non-submerged dental implant associated with abutment fracture

Truc Thi Hoang Nguyen(Truc Thi Hoang Nguyen ),Mi Young Eo(Mi Young Eo),Kezia Rachellea Mustakim(Kezia Rachellea Mustakim ),Mi Hyun Seo(Mi Hyun Seo),Hoon Myoung(Hoon Myoung ),Soung Min Kim(Soung Min Ki 대한구강악안면외과학회 2023 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.49 No.1

The biocompatibility and durability of implant fixtures are major concerns for dentists and patients. Mechanical complications of the implant include abutment screw loosening, screw fracture, loss of implant prostheses, and implant fracture. This case report aims to describe management of a case of fixture damage that occurred after screw fracture in a tissue level, internal connection implant and microscopic evaluation of the fractured fixture. A trephine bur was used to remove the fixture, and the socket was grafted using allogeneic bone material. The failed implant was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), which revealed a fractured fixture with both normal and irregular bone patterns. The SEM and EDS results give an enlightenment of the failed fixture surface micromorphology with microfracture and contaminated chemical compositions. Noticeably, the significantly high level of gold (Au) on the implant surface and the trace amounts of Au and titanium (Ti) in the bone tissue were recorded, which might have resulted from instability and micro-movement of the implant-abutment connection over an extended period of time. Further study with larger number of patient and different types of implants is needed for further conclusion.

Analysis of Tooth Surface Changes after Treatment with Silver Fluoride Using Energy-Dispersive Electromagnetic Radiation Spectroscopy

Su-Bin Yu,Yu-Ri Choi,Seoul-Hee Nam 한국자기학회 2023 Journal of Magnetics Vol.28 No.4

This study sought to examine tooth surface changes and remineralization after treatment with 38 % waterbased silver fluoride (AgF) solution and potassium iodide (KI), which are known to have teeth-remineralization effects. Tooth samples were prepared by exposing enamel and dentin. Riva Star Aqua (SDI, Bayswater, Australia), consist of AgF and KI ,was applied to tooth surfaces, after treatment, stored in artificial saliva for 7 or 14 days. Using scanning electron microscopy, changes in tooth surface shape and remineralization were assessed. Our analysis revealed that upon treatment with AgF for 7 or 14 days, the dentin surface appeared very smooth, indicating remineralization. Analysis of the levels of calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), and argentum (Ag) using electromagnetic radiation spectroscopy revealed changes in the levels of Ca and P in the enamel and that after 14 days, there were significant changes in the levels of Ag in dentin. These findings indicate that the agent applied using AgF and KI led to teeth remineralization, highlighting them as effective remineralization materials.

치과용 레진 연마를 위한 바렐 연마재의 성분 분석 및 표면 잔류물 관찰

정안나,박유진,최성민 대한치과기공학회 2021 대한치과기공학회지 Vol.43 No.4

Purpose: This study aimed to produce resin prosthetics using a dental barrel finishing machine. For dental resin grinding, the ingredients of the barrel finishing media were analyzed, and surface residues of the resin were observed. Methods: Two types of barrel finishing media for dental resin grinding were tested. Specimens were made from thermal polymerized, auto polymerized, and photopolymerized resins. Finishing media were analyzed through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) component analysis and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICPOES) component analysis. Then, the prepared specimen was barrel finished for 25 minutes using two types of barrel finishing media, and scanning electron microscope was photographed to observe the surface residues. Results: As a result of EDS component analysis, both types of finishing media were analyzed for the components of C, O, Zr and Al elements, and industry media (IM) was further analyzed for the components of Si and Mg elements. In the ICP-OES component analysis, Cd and As, which are harmful elements, were detected in IM, and no harmful elements were detected in manufacturing media (MM). Because of observation of surface residues, no residues were observed in the three types of resin specimens that were barrel finished with two types of finishing media. Conclusion: Surface residue wasn’t observed on the specimens polished using two types of finishing media. However, in IM, Cd and As, which are harmful elements, were detected, making it inappropriate for clinical use. In MM, harmful elements were not detected; therefore, clinical use will be possible.

알루미늄-아연-마그네슘 합금의 원자단위 투과전자현미경 관찰 기반 η1 석출물 성장 고찰

김황선,한흥남 대한금속·재료학회 2024 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.62 No.8

Aluminum-Zinc-Magnesium (Al-Zn-Mg) alloys are extensively utilized in aerospace and automotiveindustries because of their exceptional mechanical properties and light weight. These properties of Al-Zn-Mgalloys are significantly influenced by the morphology, distribution, and size of the precipitates within the alloy,which result from the formation of numerous nanoscale precipitates. Among the various types of precipitates,η precipitates are the most representative, with the η1 variant comprising approximately 50% of the total ηprecipitates. In this study, we investigated the atomic-scale growth mechanism of η1 precipitates in Al-ZnMgalloys using high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The investigationrevealed that the growth of η1 precipitates is driven by the separation of Mg and Zn atomic columns alongthe aluminum atomic arrangement near the interface, which facilitates the stepwise growth of theprecipitates. Additionally, it was observed that a unique interfacial segregation layer forms in the directionof η1 precipitate growth, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed that this layer is composedof Mg and Zn. These findings provide critical insights into the microscopic interactions and transformationsthat govern the precipitate formation process. This research offers valuable information for optimizing themicrostructure and enhancing the mechanical performance of Al-Zn-Mg alloys for various high-performanceapplications.

Synthesis of Very Straight Bismuth Oxide Nanowires by Using Thermal Evaporation of Bismuth Powders

이종무,박성훈,김호형,이돈행,홍순선 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.53 No.4

One-dimensional (1D) nanostructures of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) have been prepared by using various techniques, but there has been no report on the synthesis of Bi2O3 nanowires by using thermal evaporation yet. Very straight single-crystal Bi2O3 nanowires with sizes of 50 - 300 nm in diameter and 50 - 100 um in length, depending on the process temperature and the N2/Ar gas flow ratio were successfully synthesized on Au-coated c-plane sapphire (Al2O3) substrates by using thermal evaporation with bismuth powders. The dependences of the morphology of the Bi2O3 nanowires on the process temperature, the oxygen partitial pressure and the substrate material were investigated. The straightness of the Bi2O3 nanowire strongly depends on the oxygen partial pressure. The growth rate of Bi2O3 nanowires is much faster on (0001) Al2O3 than on (100) Si, despite the lattice mismatch (15.5 %) between the c of -Bi2O3 and the a of Al2O3 being much larger than that (3.6 %) between the c of fi-Bi2O3 and the a of Si (5.43 Å). The crystalline nature of the Bi2O3 nanowires was revealed by using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and selected-area electron diffraction (SAED). X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicate that the Bi2O3 nanowires are pure tetragonal fi-Bi2O3 phase single crystals. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis confirms that the Bi2O3 nanowires grow via a vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism in thermal evaporation of Bi powders. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of the Bi2O3 nanowires shows a broad blue emission peak centered at around 450 nm.

Morphological and Chemical Analysis of Various Disposable Acupuncture Needles Used in South Korea

Dong Yong Park,JiYoon Ahn,Hyeon Jeong Park,Doo Suk Lee,Dae-Hyun Jo,Jonghoon Kim,Choulmin Kim,Heebum Chung,Ji Hye Hwang 대한약침학회 2022 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.25 No.4

Objectives: The Korean Industrial Standard (KS) for sterile acupuncture needles was established in 2009 based on research on the quality control of acupuncture needles. We aimed to determine the quality of acupuncture needles available in South Korea in 2021 by examining their surface condition and chemical composition using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Methods: In South Korea, there are 23 brands of acupuncture needles, and we examined 10-15 needles from each brand, resulting in a total of 285 needles. The microstructures of the needles were assessed by SEM. Using SEM images, we evaluated the acupuncture needle tips for the following defects/aspects: scratches, lumps, detached coating, bent tip, and tip sharpness. EDS was used to determine the chemical composition of the selected acupuncture needles. Results: Overall, 88.4% of 285 needles were found to have at least one type of abnormality. The most frequently observed abnormalities were scratches and dents on the surface (68.1%), followed by detached coating (63.2%), and lumps (61.8%); blunt tips were observed in about 24% of them. Of 252 needles with at least one defect, 86.9% had two or more types of defects. The ratio of the number of needles with any defect to that of needles without any defect varied among brands, ranging from 50% to 100%. Regarding foreign materials, higher proportions of Si and O were observed on the needles, indicating incomplete or detached silicone coating. Conclusion: The quality of acupuncture needles varied among brands, suggesting that further improvements can be made through various inspection methods.

The Effects of Commercial Alcoholic Drinks Determined Using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy-dispersive Electromagnetic Wave (X-Ray) Spectroscopy

Hee-Jin Hong,Na-Ra Son,Ji-Su Kim,Min-Ji Kim,Chae-Hee Kim,Su-Yeon Hong,Do-Eun Kim,Ji-Eun Lee,In-Young Chun,Kyu-Won Kim,Seoul-Hee Nam 한국자기학회 2019 Journal of Magnetics Vol.24 No.4

In modern society, drinking is becoming a culture while alcohol consumption continues to increase. Studies show that alcohol consumption in the oral cavity averages 2 hours, and alcohol consumption seems to have a high effect on tooth damage. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of dental erosion due to intake of some alcoholic beverages in the market. Six types of alcoholic beverages were immersed in 1 ml of each alcohol for 10 min, 60 min, and 120 min to obtain only enamel of the tooth and observe changes over time. The crystal structure of the enamel surface was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the changes in calcium and phosphorus, the major constituents of teeth, were analyzed by energy dispersive electromagnetic wave (X-ray) spectroscopy (EDS). Based on the results, the tooth showed a destructive pattern while and loss of calcium (Ca) and phosphorous (P) increased significantly as exposure time to the low pH alcoholic drinks increased. Since this causes the demineralization of inorganic components and greatly affects the risk of tooth erosion, long contact with alcohol should be avoided.

Degradation of a Thin Ag Layer Induced by Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Polystyrene Sulfonate in a Transmission Electron Microscopy Specimen of an Inverted Polymer Solar Cell

Suh, Youngjoon,Lu, Ning,Lee, Sang H.,Chung, Won-Suk,Kim, Kyungkon,Kim, BongSoo,Ko, Min Jae,Kim, Moon J. American Chemical Society 2012 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.4 No.10

<P>It was found that the Ag electrode layer in a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) specimen of an inverted polymer solar cell structure of Ag/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PCBM/TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/ITO/glass (where PEDOT is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), PSS is polystyrene sulfonate, and ITO is indium tin oxide) was broken down into particles as time passed. In order to investigate the cause of Ag particle formation and the effect of the degradation on the performance of solar cells, the temporal change of the cross-sectional TEM micrographs was examined together with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis and electron tomography. Temporal degradation of Ag/Si and Ag/1 nm-Ti/PEDOT:PSS/ITO/glass structures was also studied. Absorption of water by the PEDOT:PSS layer followed by corrosion of the grain boundaries of the Ag layer by the corrosive water was thought to be the reason of Ag particle formation and fast performance lowering of the device.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2012/aamick.2012.4.issue-10/am301818z/production/images/medium/am-2012-01818z_0016.gif'></P>

Quantitative Analysis of the Size Distributions and Elements of the Precipitates in Fe-3%Si Alloy during Secondary Recrystallization Annealing using HAADF Imaging and XEDS

임정열,민아리,주영창 대한금속·재료학회 2009 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.15 No.1

The distribution of precipitates on grain boundaries and their role in abnormal grain growth during secondary recrystallization annealing in Fe-3 %Si alloy is studied. The precipitates and grain boundaries were observed simultaneously using high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy. The chemical composition of the precipitates was also analyzed by X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy. During secondary recrystallization annealing, the number of small precipitates (<9000 nm 2 ) increased in the samples heated up to 900℃ and decreased in the samples heated up to 1000℃. The increase (of the small precipitates) was strongly correlated with the onset temperature of abnormal grain growth above 900℃. In all samples, 50 % to 80 % of the precipitates consisted of complexes containing both Al and Mn. The distribution of precipitates on grain boundaries and their role in abnormal grain growth during secondary recrystallization annealing in Fe-3 %Si alloy is studied. The precipitates and grain boundaries were observed simultaneously using high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy. The chemical composition of the precipitates was also analyzed by X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy. During secondary recrystallization annealing, the number of small precipitates (<9000 nm 2 ) increased in the samples heated up to 900℃ and decreased in the samples heated up to 1000℃. The increase (of the small precipitates) was strongly correlated with the onset temperature of abnormal grain growth above 900℃. In all samples, 50 % to 80 % of the precipitates consisted of complexes containing both Al and Mn.