Edge Computing-Based Medical Information Platform for Automatic Authentication Using Patient Situations

Gyu-Sung Ham,Mingoo Kang,Suck-Tae Joung,Su-Chong Joo 한국인터넷정보학회 2023 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.17 No.4

Recently, with the development of IoT, AI, and mobile terminals, medical information platforms are expanding. The medical information platform can determine a patient's emergency situation, and medical staff can easily access patient information through a mobile terminal. However, in the existing platform, emergency situation decision is delayed, and faster and stronger authentication is required in emergency situations. Therefore, we propose an edge computing-based medical information platform for automatic authentication using patient situations. We design an edge computing-based medical information platform architecture capable of rapid transmission of biometric data of IoT and quick emergency situation decision, and implement the platform data flow in emergency situations. Relying on this platform, we propose the automatic authentication using patient situations. The automatic authentication protects patient information through patient-centered authentication by using the patient's situation as an authentication factor, and enables quick authentication by automatically proceeding with mobile terminal authentication after user authentication in emergencies without user intervention. We compared the proposed platform with existing platforms to show that it can make quick and stable emergency decisions. In addition, comparing the automatic authentication with existing authentication showed that it is fast and protects medical information centered on patient situations in emergency situations.

초헌법적 국가긴급권에 대한 위헌심사 연구 - 헌법재판소 2015. 3. 26. 2014헌가5 결정을 중심으로 -

승이도 한국공법학회 2016 공법연구 Vol.45 No.1

There are few thses on constitutional examination of the ultra-constitutional state emergency power. From the normative point of view, the ultra-constitutional state emergency power should always be unconstitutional because it exceeds the requirements & limitations of the state emergency power which are written on the constitution. From the practical point of view, there are few chances that the constitutional court can examine the ultra-constitutional state emergency power which is performed through the highly political determination of the President. But in some certain circumstances, there could be an extreme emergent situation that can not be solved through the regular state emergency power. And in such situations, there could be an urgent necessity that we should approve the ultra-constitutional state emergency power in order to overcome such crises. The Constitutional Court Decision 2014Hun-Ka5(Mar 26, 2015) provided a clue to solve the problems. In this case, the Constitutional Court of Korea implied a concern and conclusion for the constitutional examination of the ultra-constitutional state emergency power and the extreme emergent situation. Both President and Constitutional Court are the guardians of the constitution. But the determination of the President (that should cope with an urgent crisis through the state emergency power in order to protect the Constitution from the crisis) and the decision of the Constitutional Court (that should review whether the exercise of the emergency power was constitutional in order to protect the Constitution from the emergency power) can be different. And such a difference is the natural consequence of the separation of powers which sovereign citizens previously expected. In this thesis, I discussed the structure about the constitutional examination of the ‘ultra-constitutional state emergency power’, and I hypothetically researched the detailed contents for the ‘extreme emergent situation’ & ‘burden of proof’. Judgment whether there was an extreme emergent situation or not carries significant meaning in constitutional examination of the ultra-constitutional state emergency power. 초헌법적 국가긴급권의 위헌심사에 관한 연구는 많지 않다. 규범적 측면에서 보면 초헌법적 국가긴급권은 헌법이 예정한 국가긴급권의 요건과 한계를 넘어선 것이므로 당연히 위헌이고, 사실적 측면에서 보면 고도의 정치적 결단에 따라 이루어진 초헌법적 국가긴급권에 대해 사후적으로 위헌심사할 기회도 많지 않기 때문이다. 그러나 구체적 상황에 따라서는 헌법에 규정된 국가긴급권으로 극복할 수 없는 위기상황이 존재할 수 있고, 이러한 위기상황에서 헌법을 수호하고 국민의 안전을 보장하기 위한 초헌법적 국가긴급권을 예외적으로 인정해야 할 필요성이 있을 수도 있다. 이러한 문제에 대해 해답의 실마리를 제시한 것이 헌재 2015. 3. 26. 2014헌가5 결정이다. 이 사건에서 헌법재판소는 초헌법적 국가긴급권의 위헌심사에 있어 극단적 위기상황 및 다양한 쟁점들에 대한 헌법재판관의 고민과 결론을 시사하였다. 대통령과 헌법재판소는 모두 헌법의 수호자이다. 다만 당면한 국가적 위기상황에서 국가긴급권을 통해 이를 현재적 또는 예방적으로 대처해야 하는 대통령의 결단과 상황이 정리된 후에 이를 사후적으로 돌아보고 국가긴급권의 발동이 합헌적이었는지를 판단해야 하는 헌법재판소의 결정은 다를 수 있는데, 이것은 주권자이자 헌법개정권력자인 국민이 예정한 권력분립의 자연스런 결과이다. 이 글에서는 위 결정의 심판대상이었던 국가보위에관한특별조치법을 바탕으로 ‘초헌법적 국가긴급권’에 대한 위헌심사 구조를 살펴보면서, 초헌법적 국가긴급권에 대한 위헌심사 가능성, 위헌심사 준거규범, 발동요건 측면에서의 원칙적 위헌성 및 예외적 정당화 사유로서 ‘극단적 위기상황’과 그 입증책임, 사후통제 절차 및 시간적 한계 측면에서의 위헌심사에 대해 구체적으로 검토하였다. 극단적 위기상황에 대한 판단은 초헌법적 국가긴급권의 위헌심사에 있어 중요한 의미를 가진다.

환자상황 기반의 자동인증시스템 구축 및 성능평가

함규성,주수종 한국인터넷정보학회 2020 인터넷정보학회논문지 Vol.21 No.4

In the current medical information system, a system environment is constructed in which Biometric data generated by using IoT or medical equipment connected to a patient can be stored in a medical information server and monitored at the same time. Also, the patient's biometric data, medical information, and personal information after simple authentication using only the ID / PW via the mobile terminal of the medical staff are easily accessible. However, the method of accessing these medical information needs to be improved in the dimension of protecting patient's personal information, and provides a quick authentication system for first aid. In this paper, we implemented an automatic authentication system based on the patient's situation and evaluated its performance. Patient‘s situation was graded into normal and emergency situation, and the situation of the patient was determined in real time using incoming patient biometric data from the ward. If the patient's situation is an emergency, an emergency message including an emergency code is send to the mobile terminal of the medical staff, and they attempted automatic authentication to access the upper medical information of the patient. Automatic authentication is a combination of user authentication(ID/PW, emergency code) and mobile terminal authentication(medical staff’s role, working hours, work location). After user authentication, mobile terminal authentication is proceeded automatically without additional intervention by medical staff. After completing all authentications, medical staffs get authorization according to the role of medical staffs and patient's situations, and can access to the patient's graded medical information and personal information through the mobile terminal. We protected the patient's medical information through limited medical information access by the medical staff according to the patient's situation, and provided an automatic authentication without additional intervention in an emergency situation. We performed performance evaluation to verify the performance of the implemented automatic authentication system. 현 의료정보시스템에서는 환자에게 부착된 IoT 또는 의료기기를 통해 생성된 생체데이터를 의료정보서버에 저장과 동시에 모니터링 할 수 있는 시스템 환경이 구축되고 있다. 또한 의료진의 이동단말기를 통해 ID/PW만을 이용한 간단한 인증 후 환자의 생체데이터및 의료정보, 개인정보에 쉽게 접근이 용이하다. 그러나 이러한 의료정보 접근방법은 환자 개인정보보호차원에서 개선되어야하며, 응급처치를 위한 신속한 인증시스템이 제공되어야 한다. 이에 본 논문에서는 환자상황기반의 자동인증시스템을 구축 및 성능평가 하였다. 환자상황을 정상상황과 응급상황으로 분류하고, 병동으로부터 들어오는 환자 생체데이터를 이용하여 환자상황을 실시간으로 판별하였다. 환자상황이 응급상황일 경우 의료진의 이동단말기에 응급코드를 포함한 응급메시지가 수신되고, 의료진은 환자 상위의료정보를 확인하기 위해 애플리케이션을 통해 자동인증을 시도한다. 자동인증은 사용자인증(ID/PW, 응급코드)과 이동단말기인증(의료진역할, 근무시간, 근무위치)이 결합된 인증방법으로써 사용자인증 이후 의료진의 추가개입 없이 자동으로 이동단말기인증이 진행된다. 모든인증을 마친 의료진은 의료진 역할과 환자상황에 따라 접근권한을 부여받고, 애플리케이션을 통해 환자의 등급화 된 의료정보에 접근이 가능하도록 구현하였다. 환자상황에 따른 의료진의 제한적 의료정보접근을 통해 환자의 의료정보를 보호하고, 응급상황 시 추가개입 없는 자동인증을 구현하여 신속한 인증을 제공하였다. 구현된 자동인증시스템의 수행성 검증을 위해 성능평가를 실시하였다

응급상황에서 자동인증지원을 위한 빅데이터 처리 및 에지컴퓨팅 기반의 의료정보플랫폼 연구

함규성,강민구,주수종 한국인터넷정보학회 2022 인터넷정보학회논문지 Vol.23 No.3

Recently, with the development of smart technology, in medical information platform, patient‘s biometric data is measured in real time and accumulated into database, and it is possible to determine the patient’s emergency situations. Medical staff can easily access patient information after simple authentication using a mobile terminal. However, in accessing medical information using the mobile terminal, it is necessary to study authentication in consideration of the patient situations and mobile terminal. In this paper, we studied on medical information platforms based on big data processing and edge computing for supporting automatic authentication in emergency situations. The automatic authentication system that we had studied is an authentication system that simultaneously performs user authentication and mobile terminal authentication in emergency situations, and grants upper-level access rights to certified medical staff and mobile terminal. Big data processing and analysis techniques were applied to the proposed platform in order to determine emergency situations in consideration of patient conditions such as high blood pressure and diabetes. To quickly determine the patient’s emergency situations, edge computing was placed in front of the medical information server so that the edge computing determine patient’s situations instead of the medical information server. The medical information server derived emergency situation decision values using the input patient’s information and accumulated biometric data, and transmit them to the edge computing to determine patient-customized emergency situation. In conclusion, the proposed medical information platform considers the patient's conditions and determine quick emergency situations through big data processing and edge computing, and enables rapid authentication in emergency situations through automatic authentication, and protects patient’s information by granting access rights according to the patient situations and the role of the medical staff. 최근 스마트기술의 발달로 의료정보플랫폼에서 환자의 생체데이터가 실시간으로 측정 및 데이터베이스에 축적되며, 환자의 응급상황을 판단할 수 있다. 또한, 의료진은 이동단말기를 이용하여 간단한 인증 이후 환자정보에 쉽게 접근이 가능하다. 그러나 이동단말기를 이용한 의료정보 접근에 있어 환자상황과 이동단말기를 고려한 인증에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 응급상황에서의료진의 이동단말기를 이용한 의료정보 접근허가를 위해 빅데이터 처리 및 에지컴퓨팅 기반의 자동인증지원 의료정보플랫폼에 대해 연구하였다. 기 연구된 자동인증 시스템은 응급상황에서 사용자인증과 이동단말기인증을 동시에 수행하며, 상위 의료정보 접근권한을 인증된 의료진과 이동단말기에 부여하는 인증 시스템이다. 환자의 고혈압, 당뇨와 같은 환자상태를 고려한 응급상황을 판단하기 위해 빅데이터 처리 및 분석기법을 제안한 플랫폼에 적용하였다. 또한 환자의 빠른 응급상황 판단을 위해 에지컴퓨팅을 의료정보서버 앞단에 두어 의료정보 서버 대신 에지컴퓨팅에서 응급상황을 판단하도록 하였다. 의료정보 서버는 입력된 환자정보와 축적된생체데이터를 이용하여 응급상황 판단수치를 도출하고, 에지컴퓨팅에 전달하여 환자 맞춤형 응급상황을 판단하도록 하였다. 결론적으로, 제안한 의료정보플랫폼은 빅데이터 처리와 에지컴퓨팅을 통해 환자상태를 고려하고 응급상황을 빠르게 판단하였으며, 자동인증을 통해 응급상황에서의 신속한 인증과, 환자상황과 의료진의 역할에 따른 접근권한 부여를 통해 환자정보를 보호하였다.

돌발상황 하의 작업자 반응을 고려한 계기판 설계 요소에 대한 연구

금영정(Youngjeong Keum),김영수(Youngsu Kim),양용석(Yongseok Yang),최준영(Junyoung Choi),윤명환 대한인간공학회 2008 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.10

Many studies on safety issues of human-machine interaction are conducted recently, especially taking emergency situations into consideration. In light of this view, the importance of objective and reliable measurement of users’ reactions under emergency situations is becoming more important than ever in reflecting such issues in the design of everyday things. However, despite the need to consider the humanmachine interactions and human performances at the design stage, many products are not designed to incorporate human performances under emergency situations. This study proposes a design method to include such human factors under emergency situations during human-machine interactions. This is achieved through an experiment where operators are instructed to perform a task under a certain emergency situation, and by analyzing the results in a human factors perspective the behavioral pattern of the operators is explained. Finally the method is applied to an industrial application to derive the optimal position for the emergency lamp. Analysis reveals that in designing a center fascia for a car, gender differences should be taken into consideration and that the emergency lamp should be located to the right of the center.

위기관리 핵심 수단으로서 상황관리 관계 법률 검토

강대훈 (사)위기관리이론과실천 2022 Crisisonomy Vol.18 No.9

The goal of emergency management is not only to secure the safety of the people, territory, sovereignty, and core infrastructure, but also to minimize damage by managing the emergency situations well. Methods to achieve this goal include the establishment of an integrated management system and emergency operation center, governance, and integrated command & control. The concrete and direct practice of these Methods can be done by managing the situation. Situation management requires specific legal reservations because it has urgency, importance, and the possibility of infringement of civil rights and interests. However, there are no or insufficient provisions on situation management in the laws enforced by each agency performing the situation management task. The law on situation management needs to be supplemented in the sense that it can protect workers at situation management, increase work efficiency, and more reliably guarantee people’s rights and interests. This review suggests a way to strengthen the legal system necessary for the situation management function to operate more efficiently. 위기 상황을 잘 관리하여 국민⋅영토⋅주권⋅핵심기반 등의 안전을 확보하거나 피해를 최소화하는것이 위기관리의 목표이다. 이 목표를 달성하는 방법은 통합관리시스템⋅위기운영센터 구축, 거버넌스, 통합된 지휘⋅통제 등이 있다. 이러한 방법론을 구체적이고 직접적으로 실천하는 것이 상황관리라고 할 수 있다. 상황관리는 긴급성, 중요성, 국민권익 침해 가능성 등을 속성으로 하기 때문에구체적인 법률유보를 요구한다. 그러나 상황관리 업무를 수행하고 있는 각 기관의 소관 법률에는상황관리에 관한 법률 조항이 없거나 불충분하다. 법률을 통해서 상황관리 업무 종사자들을 보호하고 업무 효율성을 높일 수 있으며 국민권익을 더욱 확실히 보장할 수 있다는 측면에서 상황관리에관한 법률을 보완할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 상황관리 기능이 더 효과적이고 효율적으로 작동하는데 필요한 법체계를 강화하는 방안을 제시하고 있다.

돌발 상황 하의 사용자 반응을 고려한 자동차 중앙 계기판 버튼의 최적 배치 방안 연구

최준영(Jun Young Choi),김영수(Young Su Kim),반상우(Sang Woo Bahn),윤명환(Myung Hwan Yun),이면우(Myun Woo Lee) 대한인간공학회 2010 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.29 No.3

Many studies on safety issues of human-machine interaction are being conducted, especially taking emergency situations into consideration. In light of this view, the importance of objective and reliable measurement of users' reactions under emergency situations is becoming more important than ever in reflecting such issues in the design of everyday things. However, despite the need to consider the human-machine interactions and human performances at the design stage, there were few studies which considered human performances and behaviors under emergency situations. This study is about an evaluation method and design guide to include such human performances under emergency situations during human-machine interactions. This is achieved through an experiment where operators are instructed to press the emergency button at an experimentally designed location under a random emergency situation. By analyzing the results in a human factors perspective, the response time and the accuracy of the operators' behaviors are explained. Analysis revealed that in designing the center fascia for automobiles, there is a tradeoff between response time and accuracy, and the optimal size of buttons differ in each part of the center fascia. This method is expected to be applicable to industrial situations to derive optimal position for emergency buttons.

국내 체류 외국인을 위한 응급 상황 대비 한국어교육 어휘·표현 목록 선정

김은혜,원미진 한국언어문화교육학회 2020 언어와 문화 Vol.16 No.4

The purpose of this study is to help foreigners living more safely while staying in Korea by providing Korean vocabulary and expression lists necessary to inform and resolve the situation on their own in emergency situations. The six most widely used university textbooks were analyzed, and a questionnaire survey was conducted on foreigners residing in Korea to find out the current situation. In addition, this paper classified emergency situations ‘fire, rescue and first aid’ by analyzing the guidelines of the 119 emergency center in Korea, and presented a list of Korean expressions that must be known in each emergency situation and dialogues that can be applied to actual situations based on the list. This can be said to have various values ​​as it can be used not only in Korean language education textbooks, but also as essential educational materials for foreigners staying in Korea. .

신임 함정요원의 상황인식을 통한 조함 교육 개선에 관한 연구

장은진 한국해양경찰학회 2022 한국해양경찰학회보 Vol.12 No.4

Recently, as interest in marine safety increases, new navigational equipment using advanced technologies is being developed. However, many maritime accidents occur due to the failure of situational awareness of human factors. This study analyzed the correlation with the korea coast guard academy's ship handling education through factors that affect the situation awareness of marine police officers. As a result of the analysis, the boundary and understanding factors were analyzed higher than the behavior factors during the situation recognition process. Psychological factors were found to be the highest among the factors of overcoming situation awareness in emergency situations. As for the correlation between ship handling education and situational awareness, it was found that the faculty's competency had more influence than the teaching content and teaching method. Therefore, it is necessary to develop scenarios that deal with various maritime situations and to improve the space of the education system that is not limited by time, place, and space. This study will contribute to the design of the correct ship operation education and the development of the maritime police ship education system in line with the changing educational environment. 최근 해양안전에 대한 관심이 증가하면서 최신 장비 보급과 첨단 기술들을 이용한 새로운 항해 장비들이 개발되고 있다. 하지만 해양사고는 여전히 인적요인에 의해 발생 되며, 이러한 인적요인 중 상황인식의 실패로 인한 사고가 가장 많은 부분을 차지한다. 본 연구는 신임 함정요원의 상황인식에 영향을 미치는 요소를 통해 해양경찰 함정에서 발생하는 조함 기술의 핵심적 요인을 알아보고, 해양경찰교육원에서 실시중인 조함 교육과의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 분석 결과 상황인식 과정은 상황 대처하는 행동보다는 해상상황을 경계하고 인지하는 경계 요소와 분석하는 과정인 이해 요소가 높게 나타났다. 비상 상황 시 상황인식 극복 요소에는 심리적 요소가 가장 높게 나타나며 조함 교육 반복 효과가 있었다. 조함 교육과 상황인식 간 상관관계는 교수요원의 역량이 교수 내용, 교육 방법보다 많은 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 교수요원의 역량에 따른 교육에서 다양한 해상상황을 다룬 시나리오 개발과 시간, 장소, 공간에 제한받지 않는 교육시스템 공간이 마련되어야 할 것이다. 본 연구는 변화하는 교육환경에 맞춰 함정 요원에게 필요한 교육 체계의 올바른 방향 설정과 함정 사고를 예방하고, 해양경찰 함정교육 체계 발전에 기여 할 것이다.

마이크로그리드의 비상상황시 자율 대처 운전 방안에 관한 실증적 연구

홍지송(Ji-Song Hong),김현우(Hyun-Woo Kim),안선주(Seon-Ju Ahn),최준호(Joon-Ho Choi),윤상윤(Sang-Yun Yun) 대한전기학회 2018 전기학회논문지 Vol.67 No.12

The biggest obstacle to the commercialization of small and medium size microgrid (MG) is the reliability and economics of MG operation and maintenance. In this paper, we propose an autonomous operation method that is implemented as an application program installed in the MG operating system in emergency situations. The proposed algorithm consists of four steps of distinction, recognition, determination and control of emergency situations that can occur in MG. A fuzzy-based situation decision algorithm has been proposed to eliminate the barriers of autonomous operation in actual emergency situation such as occurrence of bad data and communication delay. In addition, countermeasures have been suggested for cases where multiple emergency situations have occurred in combination. The proposed algorithm was tested in a 500㎾ actual microgrid site of a university. Through the test, the validity of the proposed method and its applicability to practical MG operation are verified.