레진 시멘트의 film thickness가 간접 복합 레진 수복물의 접착 효율에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

이상혁,최기운,최경규 大韓齒科保存學會 2010 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.35 No.2

본 연구는 여러 레진 시멘트의 film thickness에 따른 상아질과 간접 레진 수복물 간의 미세인장 결합 강도를 측정하고, 각 레진 시멘트의 중합 수축 및 굴곡 강도, 탄성 계수를 비교 분석하며, 접착 계면 및 파단면의 주사전자 현미경 관찰을 통하여 레진 시멘트의 film thickness가 레진 간접 수복물의 접착 효율에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 시행하였다. 복합 레진형 레진 시멘트인 Variolink II와 Duo-Link, 접착형 레진 시멘트인 Panavia F와 Rely X Unicem의 4가지 레진 시멘트를 사용하였고, 각각의 시멘트를 film thickness에 따라 < 50 μm (control)의 대조군과 50 μm (T50), 100 μm (T100), 150 μm (T150)의 실험군으로 나누어 총 16개의 군으로 분류하였다. 데이터는 ANOVA와 Duncan’s multiple comparison test (p < 0.05)를 이용하여 통계 분석하였으며 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다; 1. Variolink Ⅱ는 모든 film thickness에서 접착형 레진 시멘트보다 높은 결합 강도를 나타냈지만(p < 0.05), Duo-Link는 대조군을 제외하고는 통계학적 유의차가 없었다(p > 0.05). 2. Film thickness가 증가할수록 복합 레진형 레진 시멘트의 결합 강도는 유의성 있게 감소(p < 0.05)하는 경향을 보인 반면, 접착형 레진 시멘트는 통계학적 유의차가 없었다(p > 0.05). 3. Panavia F는 통계학적으로 유의성 있게 낮은 중합 수축량을 나타냈다(p < 0.05). 4. 굴곡 강도와 탄성 계수는 복합 레진형 레진 시멘트가 접착형 레진 시멘트보다 유의성 있게 높게 나타났다(p < 0.05). 5. FE-SEM 관찰 결과 결합 강도가 높은 복합 레진형 레진 시멘트는 균일한 접착층과 잘 발달된 resin tag 소견을 보였으나, 접착형 레진 시멘트는 불분명한 접착층과 resin tag 소견을 나타냈다. 파단면 관찰에서 복합 레진형 레진 시멘트는 혼합형 파괴 양상을 나타냈으나 접착형 레진 시멘트는 접착성 파괴 양상을 나타냈다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of film thickness of various resin cements on bonding efficiency in indirect composite restoration by measurement of microtensile bond strength, polymerization shrinkage, flexural strength and modulus, fractographic FE-SEM analysis. Experimental groups were divided according to film thickness (< 50 μm-control, 50 μm-T50, 100 μm-T100, 150 μm-T150) using composite- based resin cements (Variolink Ⅱ, Duo-Link) and adhesive-based resin cements (Panavia F, Rely X Unicem). The data was analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple comparison test (p < 0.05). The results were as follows ; 1. Variolink Ⅱ showed higher microtensile bond strength than that of adhesive-based resin cements in all film thickness (p < 0.05) but Duo-Link did not show significant difference except control group (p > 0.05). 2. Microtensile bond strength of composite-based resin cements were decreased significantly according to increasing film thickness (p < 0.05) but adhesive-based resin cements did not show significant difference among film thickness (p > 0.05). 3. Panavia F showed significantly lower polymerization shrinkage than other resin cements (p < 0.05). 4. Composite-based resin cements showed significantly higher flexural strength and modulus than adhesive- based resin cements (p < 0.05). 5. FE-SEM examination showed uniform adhesive layer and well developed resin tags in composite-based resin cements but unclear adhesive layer and poorly developed resin tags in adhesive-based resin cements. In debonded surface examination, composite-based resin cements showed mixed failures but adhesive-based resin cements showed adhesive failures.

"The Hidden Melody" - Analysis of the Picture Composition of the Movie

Jing-Feng Tan(감경봉) 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회 2017 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지 Vol.11 No.6

영화 화면은 영사막의 네모난 틀에 한정된다. 그러므로 영화화면은 그림틀과 비슷한 점이 있다. 화면은 물상을 어디에 놓으면 감독님의 의도를 잘 표현할 수 있다. 이런 문제가 바로 화면은 어떻게 구성한 문제이다. 감독님은 장면을 조정하고 미공사는 장면을 어떻게 설계하는 문제도 있다. 아무 평면 유한한 공간에 이미지 설계를 진행하는 것은 모두 그림예술이다. 영화는 조형 예술이고 삼차원 공간이 여기에 충분히 표현할 수 있다. 동시에 이차원 형식에 표현력을 가지고 있다. 구도는 영화화면의 형식 언어 중에서 하나이다. 영화 미술에서 뛰어난 화면 구도 설계가 영화의 심미 가치와 예술 가치를 표현하기가 아주 중요한 역할을 가진다. 관중들이 영화를 감상할 때 첫 번째 느낀 것은 영화의 시각 원소이다. 영화 구도는 먼저 관중들에게 아주 독특한 심미적인 체험을 주어야 한 다음에 시각적인 미감을 나타낼 수 있다. 그리고 영화구도는 영화 미술가의 독특한 예술 개성을 놓아야 한다. 이렇게 한다면 남다른 영화를 제작할 수 있는 중요한 원인이다. 마지막, 구도는 전체 영화 작품을 중심으로 설계해야 하고 줄거리를 발전시키고 영화의 주지를 표현할 수 있도록 한다. The image of cinema description is limited within the frame of the screen; this constitutes the similarities between cinema description and picture frame. In other words, there is a problem about cinema description as to how to place image at a position that could express the director"s intention most appropriately - the composition of cinema description, or how directors do the mise-en-scine and how art designers design the scene. Any art that involves image-building in a flat and limited space can be regarded as painting art. Film is a plastic art, in which three-dimensional space can be fully demonstrated; but, it also has expressive force in two-dimensional form. Composition is also the most important form of formal language in cinema description. With respect to fine art in film, excellent composition is extremely important for the realization of the film"s aesthetic value and artistic value. When watching a movie, the audiences first come into contact with visual elements. Film composition need to bring a unique aesthetic experience to audiences, reflecting its visual beauty. Moreover, the unique artistic personality of film artist ought to be integrated into film composition, which is the key to make a film different. Finally, the overall film should be at the core of composition design, only in this way can it promote the development of the story and reveal and elaborate the film"s subject.

우럭 껍질 젤라틴 복합필름의 특성

백송이(Song-Ee Beak),김혜리(Hyeri Kim),송경빈(Kyung Bin Song) 한국식품영양과학회 2017 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.46 No.3

플라스틱 포장 폐기물로 인한 환경오염을 해결하기 위한 대안으로 생분해성 필름이 많이 연구되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 우럭 껍질 젤라틴(RFG)과 nano-clay(Cloisite Na<SUP>+</SUP>, 10A)의 복합필름의 특성에 관하여 연구하였다. 우럭 껍질로부터 젤라틴을 추출하여 sorbitol을 가소제로서 첨가한 단백질 필름을 제조하였고, 제조된 RFG 필름의 tensile strength(TS), water vapor permeability(WVP), water solubility(WS)는 각각 15.0 MPa, 2.70×10<SUP>-9</SUP> g m/m<SUP>2</SUP> s Pa, 53.8%였다. RFG에 nano-clay를 첨가한 복합필름은 TS가 증가하고 WVP와 WS는 감소하였다. XRD 분석과 SEM 측정 결과를 통하여 RFG/nano-clay 복합필름 내부에 박리형 구조를 형성함을 확인할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 본 연구 결과 RFG/nano-clay 복합필름은 생분해성 포장재로 적용될 수 있음을 시사한다. To resolve environmental pollution caused by synthetic packaging materials, biodegradable films have been studied as an alternative. In this study, we prepared rockfish skin gelatin (RFG) and nano-clay (Cloisite Na<SUP>+</SUP> and Cloisite 10A) composite films to compare the effects of nano-clay on the physical properties of RFG film. Gelatin was extracted from rockfish skin and used to prepare RFG film with sorbitol as a plasticizer. Tensile strength (TS), water vapor permeability (WVP), and water solubility (WS) of the RFG film were 15.0 MPa, 2.70×10<SUP>-9</SUP> g m/m<SUP>2</SUP> s Pa, and 53.8%, respectively. Addition of nano-clay to the RFG film increased TS and decreased WVP and WS. The X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopic results suggest that RFG/nano-clay composite films formed an exfoliated structure. These results indicate that RFG/nano-clay composite films can be applied as biodegradable packaging materials in the food industry.

PREPARATION AND ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF BaFe12O19–Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4/POLYPYRROLE COMPOSITE FILM

YAN WANG,YING HUANG,Qiufen Wang,QIAN HE 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2013 NANO Vol.8 No.2

BaFe12O19–Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4/Polypyrrole composite film [including three doping acids, dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA), camphor sulfonic acid (CSA) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (TSA)] was prepared by sol–gel method and in situ chemical oxidative polymerization. The structure, morphologies, conductivities, magnetic properties and microwave absorption properties of the composite film were characterized by using XRD, FESEM, FTIR, Four-probe tester, VSM and Vector network analyzer. The results show that the conductivity of acid-doped Polypyrrole composite film is higher than that of pure Polypyrrole composite film. The saturation magnetization (Ms) and remanent magnetization (Mr) of the composite film are lower than those of BaFe12O19–Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 film. However, the electromagnetic properties are in the contrary. The microwave absorption properties of the composite film are much better than those of BaFe12O19–Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4, which mainly depends on the increasing of the dielectric loss. A minimum reflection loss of the DBSA-doped composite film is −17.6 dB at 9.3 GHz with the thickness at 3.0 mm.

인쇄회로기판 용 Epoxy/BaTiO$_3$내장형 커패시터 필름에 관한 연구

조성동,이주연,백경욱 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2001 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.8 No.4

경화 전 상온 보관성이 우수하며 넓은 면적에 균일한 두께와 균일한 유전특성의 커패시터를 쉽게 형성할 수 있는 epoxy/$BaTiO_3$composite커패시터 필름을 제조하였다. 이 필름은 필름 형성특성과 가공성, 그리고 상온 보관성이 우수한 에폭시계 이방성 전도 필름(Anisotropic Conductive Film: ACF)용으로 개발된 레진을 기본으로 하고, 유전상수를 높이기 위한 충진제로 2종류의 $BaTiO_3$분말을 사용하였다. X선 회절을 통하여 두 분말의 결정구조와 이에 따른 유전상수의 변화를 살펴보았으며, 점포 측정을 통해 분산제의 양을 정하였다. 필름의 경화온도와 적정한 경화제의 양을 결정해주기 위해 differential scanning calorimeter (DSC)와 커패시터의 특성 분석을 통해 경화제 양에 따른 필름 및 커패시터 특성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 이 필름을 이용하여 두께 7 $\mu\textrm{m}$에서 10 nF/$\textrm{cm}^2$ (이때의 유전상수는 80)의 높은 전기용량을 가진 우수한 커패시터를 성공적으로 제작하였다. Epoxy/$BaTiO_3$composite capacitor films with excellent stability at room temperature, uniform thickness, and electrical properties over a large area ware successfully fabricated. The composite capacitor films with good film formation capability and easy process ability were made from epoxy resin developed for ACF as a matrix and two kinds of $BaTiO_3$powders as fillers to increase the dielectric constant of the composite film. The crystal structure of the powders and its effects on dielectric constant of the films were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). And the optimum amount of dispersant, phosphate ester, was determined by viscosity measurement of suspension. DSC and dielectric property tests were conducted to decide the right curing temperature and the optimum amount of the curing agent. As a result, the capacitors of 7 $\mu \textrm{m}$ thick film with 10 nF/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and low leakage current were successfully demonstrated.

Preparation and Characterization of Fluorine-Containing Polybenzoxazole Composite Films including Graphene Oxide as a Reinforcing Material

강찬솔,백두현 한국섬유공학회 2021 Fibers and polymers Vol.22 No.8

The fluorine-containing polyhydroxyamide (F-75-PHA) was synthesized by using low-temperature solution polycondensation of 2,2-bis(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane (BAHHFP, 75 mol%) and 3,3'-dihydroxybenzidine (DHB, 25 mol%) with terephthaloyl chloride (TPC) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) without metal salts. The F-75-PBO (polybenzoxazole)/GO (graphene oxide) composite films with different GO contents (0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 wt%, respectively) were prepared by heat-treatment of their precursors (F-75-PHA/GO composite films), and the effects of reinforcing material (GO) on the structural, thermal, and mechanical properties of them were studied systemically. FE-SEM images that the F-75- PBO matrix and GO sheets had a superior hydrogen bonding interaction and formed a three-dimensional (3D) network structure in composite films having a great bendability. FT-IR spectra indicated that the incorporation of GO in composite films could be reacting hydroxyl (-OH) groups on F-75-PHA matrix to carboxyl (-COOH) and/or -OH groups in GO sheets, and thus the O-H stretching peak (23.8 %) for F-75-PHA/GO-0.1 composite film mostly disappeared in comparison with that (100 %) of F-75-PHA film. DSC heating curves revealed that the thermal cyclization temperature (Tc) of the F-75-PHA/GO composite films decreased with an increment of GO content. Interestingly, for F-75-PHA/GO-0.1 composite film, the Tc decreased by up to 254 °C. However, despite the outstanding reinforcing effect of GO sheets, an interesting phenomenon was confirmed that 3D network structure including an excellent hydrogen bonding interaction did not largely influence the mechanical properties of F-75-PBO/GO composite films.

Emulsion-directed liquid/liquid interfacial fabrication of lanthanide ion-doped block copolymer composite thin films

Hong, Ming,Geng, Yuanyuan,Liu, Mei,Xu, Yuan,Lee, Yong-Ill,Hao, Jingcheng,Liu, Hong-Guo Elsevier 2015 JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE - Vol.438 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>An emulsion-directed assembly and adsorption approach has been used to fabricate composite films of polystyrene-b-poly(acryl acid)-b-polystyrene (PS-b-PAA-b-PS) and Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> and La<SUP>3+</SUP> ions at the planar liquid/liquid interface of the polymer DMF/chloroform (1:1, v/v) mixed solution (lower phase) and aqueous solutions of the corresponding salts (upper phase). The lower phase gradually transformed to a water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion via spontaneous emulsification due to the “ouzo effect”. Polymer molecules and the metal ions assembled around emulsion droplets that adsorbed at the planar liquid/liquid interface at last, resulting in formation of composite films. The film morphologies and structures depend on Ln<SUP>3+</SUP> ions: polymer/Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> composite films were foam films composed of microcapsules ranging in size from several hundreds of nanometers to micrometers, while polymer/La<SUP>3+</SUP> composite films were composed of hollow spheres several tens of nanometers in size. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra revealed that the coordination modes of carboxyl groups to Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> and La<SUP>3+</SUP> were bridging bidentate and ionic, respectively, in the two types of composites. These results indicate that stable microcapsules can be fabricated around droplets for polymer/Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> systems, while microcapsules of polymer/La<SUP>3+</SUP> are unstable. This leads to different film morphologies and structures. Compositions of these films were characterized using energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In addition, foam films of polymer/Eu<SUP>3+</SUP>/2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) were fabricated using this approach, and their photoluminescence properties were investigated.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Composite films of block copolymer/Ln<SUP>3+</SUP> were fabricated at liquid/liquid interfaces. </LI> <LI> Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> and La<SUP>3+</SUP> have great effects on morphologies and microstructures of the films. </LI> <LI> Polymer/Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> and polymer/Eu<SUP>3+</SUP>/bpy films exhibit good luminescent properties. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

폴리아크릴산 나트륨 염이 함침된 흡수성 고분자 복합 필름의 제조 및 특성 연구

이윤석 ( Youn Suk Lee ),최홍열 ( Hong Yeol Choi ),박인식 ( Insik Park ) 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.52 No.4

수분은 제품의 물리적 변화, 미생물 성장, 화학적 반응을 일으켜 품질을 저하시키는 주요 요인이 된다. 본 연구는 기능성 포장 필름으로 응용하기 위하여 수분을 흡착력이 우수한 폴리아크릴산 나트륨 염(polyacrylic acid partial sodium salt, PAPSS)을 선상저밀도폴리에틸렌(LLDPE) 고분자 수지에 함침된 수분 흡착 기능을 가진 복합 필름을 제조하였다. 제조한 수분 흡착 복합 필름은 PAPSS 물질 입자가 LLDPE 고분자 매트릭스에 잘 분포되어 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 PAPSS 첨가량이 증가됨에 따라 필름의 투명도가 저하되었다. 고분자에 첨가되는 PAPSS 물질의 증가는 복합 필름의 인장강도와 신장률 값이 감소됨을 확인할 수 있었으나 각각 0.5, 1, 그리고 2% PAPSS 필름들 간에는 큰 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 반면 4% PAPSS 함침 필름은 다른 농도로 PAPSS 물질이 함침된 필름과 비교하여 인장강도 및 신장률 값의 급격한 감소를 나타냈다. PAPSS 함량의 증가는 필름의 산소 및 수분 투과도 값이 감소됨이 관찰되어 고분자에 PAPSS 첨가는 필름의 가스 차단의 개선을 나타냈다. PAPSS 함침 필름들은 상대적으로 높은 습도 환경 조건에서 우수한 수분 흡착율을 나타내는 것을 확인하였으며, 특히 4% PAPSS 함침 필름이 다른 PAPSS 농도 함침 필름들에 비하여 높은 수분 흡착율을 보였다. 25 ℃ 조건에서 필름 샘플의 수분 흡착 등온 곡선에 가장 적합하게 묘사되는 최적의 모델 방정식은 GAB 모델로 나타냈다. PAPSS 첨가는 고분자 필름의 결정화 및 녹는 온도 변화에 영향을 보였으나, 열중량 변화에는 큰 차이가 없이 안정된 열적 특성을 나타냈다. Moisture is a major factor causing the deteriorative physical change, microbial growth, and chemical reaction of the products. In this study, the moisture absorbing composite films have been prepared with moisture absorbing material f polyacrylic acid partial sodium salt (PAPSS) impregnated on LLDPE polymer for the functional packaging applications. The results showed that PAPSS impregnated film illustrated uniformly dispersed PAPSS particles in the LLDPE polymer matrix. The transparency of the PAPSS impregnated film decreased slightly at higher PAPSS concentrations. An increase in the PAPSS content for moisture-absorbing films showed a similar decrease in tensile strength, percent elongation at break, and tear strength. Their values of films impregnated with PAPSS of 0.5, 1, and 2% showed no significant difference. Meanwhile, 4% PAPSS films significantly decreased the values of mechanical properties compared to the films impregnated with different PAPSS levels. Values of the oxygen permeability and water vapor permeability for PAPSS impregnated films decreased significantly with greater PAPSS. The results indicate that 4% PAPSS impregnated in LLDPE films had high affinity of moisture absorbencies compared to the other films. The mathematical equation that best described the moisture sorption isotherm of each film sample was the GAB equation at 25 oC. The crystallization and melting temperatures of PAPSS films were influenced by the addition of PAPSS material, but showed good thermal stability.

Influences of Annealing Temperature on Characteristics of Composite Materials Consisting of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes and Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 Thin Films

곽진호,한진규,조삼연,부상돈 한국물리학회 2012 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.60 No.2

We report the synthesis and the characterization of composite materials consisting of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (CNT-PZT) in a film structure. The CNT-PZT films were prepared by using a sol-gel process, a spin-coating method and a rapid thermal annealing process. CNT bundles in 2-methoxyethanol solution were mixed with a 7-wt% PZT sol-gel solution. The CNT-PZT solution was deposited onto (111) Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by spin-coating at 3000 rpm for 60 s and was then pyrolyzed. The samples were annealed at various temperatures in an oxygen atmosphere for crystallization. The morphological, structural and electrical properties of CNT-PZT composite films were studied with a field-emission scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and polarization-voltage hysteresis loops, respectively. We found that, during the annealing process,the thickness of CNT-PZT films dramatically decrease, especially in the range of 500 to 600 C,which may be related with the loss of CNTs in that temperature region due to burning. The CNTs also affect the orientation of and the number of defects in the PZT films, which change the ferroelectric properties of the films. We report the synthesis and the characterization of composite materials consisting of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (CNT-PZT) in a film structure. The CNT-PZT films were prepared by using a sol-gel process, a spin-coating method and a rapid thermal annealing process. CNT bundles in 2-methoxyethanol solution were mixed with a 7-wt% PZT sol-gel solution. The CNT-PZT solution was deposited onto (111) Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by spin-coating at 3000 rpm for 60 s and was then pyrolyzed. The samples were annealed at various temperatures in an oxygen atmosphere for crystallization. The morphological, structural and electrical properties of CNT-PZT composite films were studied with a field-emission scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and polarization-voltage hysteresis loops, respectively. We found that, during the annealing process,the thickness of CNT-PZT films dramatically decrease, especially in the range of 500 to 600 C,which may be related with the loss of CNTs in that temperature region due to burning. The CNTs also affect the orientation of and the number of defects in the PZT films, which change the ferroelectric properties of the films.

Microstructures and piezoelectric performance of eco-friendly composite films based on nanocellulose and barium titanate nanoparticle

Choi, Hyeong Yeol,Jeong, Young Gyu Elsevier 2019 Composites Part B, Engineering Vol.168 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Eco-friendly nanocellulose-based composite films including different barium titanate (BaTiO<SUB>3</SUB>) nanoparticle contents were fabricated by an efficient aqueous suspension casting and following electric poling. The microstructures, dielectric/electrical property, and piezoelectric performance of the nanocellulose composite films were investigated as a function of the BaTiO<SUB>3</SUB> content. The electron microscopic images demonstrated that the BaTiO<SUB>3</SUB> nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed in the nanocellulose-based composite films. The X-ray diffraction results confirmed the presence of piezoelectric tetragonal BaTiO<SUB>3</SUB> nanoparticles in the nanocellulose matrix with cellulose II phase. The dielectric constant and loss tangent of the composite films were found to increase and decrease with increasing the BaTiO<SUB>3</SUB> content, respectively, which is favorable to achieve high piezoelectric outputs. On the other hand, the piezoelectric performance of the composite films increased with the BaTiO<SUB>3</SUB> content up to 40 wt% and it decreased for the composites with 50–60 wt% BaTiO<SUB>3</SUB>, which results from the trade-off effect between the piezoelectric performance and the mechanical stiffness of BaTiO<SUB>3</SUB> nanoparticle. Accordingly, the nanocellulose composite film with 40 wt% BaTiO<SUB>3</SUB> was found to attain maximum piezoelectric outputs of voltage of ∼2.86 V, current of ∼262.4 nA, and electric power of ∼378.2 nW under a relatively low compressional stress of 5 kPa, which was high enough to charge microcapacitors after rectification.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>