Association between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of the Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Gene and Newcastle Disease Virus Titre and Body Weight in Leung Hang Khao Chickens

Molee, A.,Kongroi, K.,Kuadsantia, P.,Poompramun, C.,Likitdecharote, B. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.1

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II gene on resistance to Newcastle disease virus and body weight of the Thai indigenous chicken, Leung Hang Khao (Gallus gallus domesticus). Blood samples were collected for single nucleotide polymorphism analysis from 485 chickens. Polymerase chain reaction sequencing was used to classify single nucleotide polymorphisms of class II MHC. Body weights were measured at the ages of 3, 4, 5, and 7 months. Titres of Newcastle disease virus at 2 weeks to 7 months were determined and the correlation between body weight and titre was analysed. The association between single nucleotide polymorphisms and body weight and titre were analysed by a generalized linear model. Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified: C125T, A126T, C209G, C242T, A243T, C244T, and A254T. Significant correlations between log titre and body weight were found at 2 and 4 weeks. Associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms and titre were found for C209G and A254T, and between all single nucleotide polymorphisms (except A243T) and body weight. The results showed that class II MHC is associated with both titre of Newcastle disease virus and body weight in Leung Hang Khao chickens. This is of concern because improved growth traits are the main goal of breeding selection. Moreover, the results suggested that MHC has a pleiotropic effect on the titre and growth performance. This mechanism should be investigated in a future study.

포유기 장쇄지방산과 중쇄지방산의 급여가 이유자돈의 증체와 균일성에 미치는 영향

손영곤,김두완,이승수 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2013 농업생명과학연구 Vol.47 No.6

This study has been conducted to investigate the effect of vegetable unsaturated fatty acid complex on growth performance and uniformity to weaning piglets. The numbers of animal experimented were 110 Landrace sows and 248 piglets in normal breeding farms. As a treatment, long-chain fatty acid complex had fed from entering maternity barn to weaning for 4 weeks in sow experiment. In piglet experiment, liquid medium-chain fatty acid complex had fed to mouth two times during lactation period. In sow experiment, there were no difference between treatment and control in the number born alive per litter and the litter-weight at birth, but the treatment was significantly higher than the control in the litter weight at weaning and feed intake of sow (P<0.01). For days wean to estrus, the treatment did not significantly differ from the control but the treatment has come 0.3 day earlier than the control. Average daily gain in lactation period had significant difference due to the positive correlation with weaning weight. In piglet experiment, the treatment was significantly higher than the control in weaning weight and weight gain. The Uniformity indicators of piglets (CV and kurtosis) showed no significant differences between the treatment and the control. As a result, the feeding long-chain fatty acids in lactating period has increased the proportion of unsaturated fatty acid, e.g. oleic acid and linoleic acid, and has increased lactation of milk and feed intake of sows, and has contributed to the growth of piglets in early stage. The feeding piglets on medium-chain fatty acids has made increase of weaning weight as well. 본 연구는 식물성 불포화지방산 복합제로 이루어진 보조사료를 첨가하여 이유자돈의 균일성과 증체성적에 미치는 효과를 구명하기 위하여 수행하였다. 공시동물은 일반 종돈장의 Landrace 모돈 110두와 포유자돈 248두를 공시하였다. 시험구는 모돈시험에서는 장쇄지방산 복합제제를 분만사입식부터 이유시까지 약 4주간 급여하였고 자돈시험에서는 액상 중쇄지방산 complex를 포유기간 중 2회 구강투여 하였다. 모돈 시험에서 복당생존자돈수와 복당생시체중은 처리구간 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 복당이유자돈수와 복당이유체중에서는 시험구가 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.01). 모돈의 사료섭취량은 시험구가 유의적으로 높았으며, 발정재귀일령은 유의적으로 차이는 없었으나 시험구에서 평균 0.3일 정도 빠르게 나타났다. 포유기간내 일당증체량 역시 이유체중과 양의 상관관계를 갖고 있어 유의적인 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 자돈시험 결과 시험구는 포유기간내 이유체중이 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높았으며 생시체중 대비 증체량도 같은 기간에 많은 차이를 나타내었다. 자돈의 이유체중에 대한 변이의 지표를 보면 시험구와 대조구간 변이의 차이는 없는 것으로 나타나 개체간의 균일성에 대해서는 처리간 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 결론적으로 포유기의 장쇄지방산 급여는 모돈의 젖에서 올레인산, 리놀산 등 불포화지방산의 함량을 증가시키고, 젖 분비량과 사료섭취량을 증가시켜 자돈의 초기증체에 기여하는 것으로 나타났고, 자돈에 대한 중쇄지방산의 급여도 이유체중을 증가시키는 효과를 가져왔다.

복합표본설계 데이터의 분석방법 비교

김승현,김규곤 한국자료분석학회 2017 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.19 No.5

본 연구에 사용된 국민건강영양조사 데이터는 복합표본설계방법인 2단계층화확률추출법에 의하여 표본추출되었으며 층화, 집락, 가중치 등의 요소를 반영한 데이터이다. 이와 같은 데이터를 단순임의표본추출로 간주하여 분석할 경우 분산 추정치에서 편향된 결과를 얻을 수 있다. 따라서 표본의 대표성과 부정확한 분산 추정을 고려하여 결측 자료의 처리와 복합표본설계의 3요소인 가중치, 층, 집락 요소를 반영하여 분석해야 한다. 단순임의표본분석과 복합표본분석에 사용되는 통계기법에는 차이가 있으며, 복합표본설계에 의한 범주형 자료의 경우 피어슨(Pearson) 카이제곱검정에 필요한 조건을 만족하지 못하여 검정력을 증가시키므로 라오-스콧(Rao-Scott) 카이제곱검정을 하여야 한다. 따라서 복합표본추출법(complex sampling)과 단순임의표본추출법(simple random sampling), 표본 가중치(sample weights)를 적용한 단순임의표본추출법의 세 가지 방법에 대한 차이를 파악하고자 한다. The data of the Korean national health and nutrition examination survey (KNHANES) used in this research is sampled by the two-stage sampling; complex sampling, and it reflects some elements such as stratification, clustering and weights. If we analyze such data as simple random sampling, we can obtain the biased result in the variance estimates. Therefore, considering representativeness of sample and inaccurate variance estimate, we should analyze it reflecting the processing of missing value, and weights, stratification and clustering which are three elements of complex sample design. There are some differences in statistics methods which are used in simple random sampling analysis and complex sampling analysis, and in case of categorial data that is of complex sample design, it should conduct Rao-Scott test due to the fact that the data does not satisfy required condition for Pearson chi-square test and it rather increases power. For this reason, we look at the differences about three methods; complex sampling, simple random sampling, and simple random sampling which applies sample weight.

Analysis of Performance of Particle Swarm Optimization with Varied Inertia Weight Values for solving Travelling Salesman Problem

Ashima Chopra,Mandeep Kaur 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.9 No.5

Particle Swarm Optimization is a popular heuristic search technique developed by Eberhart and Kennedy in 1995 which takes its inspiration from the social and cognitive learning of birds or fishes. This algorithm comprises the involvement of swarm intelligence technique for optimization. The most widely accepted variation of the basic PSO technique is PSO with Inertia weight which substantially controls the convergence behaviour and exploration exploitation trade-off in the basic PSO technique. From its initialization onwards a huge range of modifications of Inertia Weight strategy have been recommended. This paper involves the use of PSO with varying values of inertia weight for solving the Travelling Salesman Problem. An analysis of how different inertia weight values effect the solution in terms of time complexity, space complexity and convergence in carried out in order to know the value best suited for setting up the inertia weight.

초고층 주거복합 건축물의 지속가능성 평가지표의 가중치 설정 및 모의 평가 연구

이규인(Lee Kyu-In),염동우(Yeom Dong-Woo) 대한건축학회 2008 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.24 No.3

In these days, construction of super high-rise residential complexes have been increased in Korea. Therefore, developing assessment method to attain high sustainability of super high-rise residential complexes became critical issues. The former study for this subject had been done about assessment indicators and sustainable assessment standards of super high-rise residential complexes. As a follow-up study, the objective of present study is to establish weight of assessment indicator for developing assessment method of super high-rise residential complexes, and to test scoring super high-rise residential complexes for studying present condition on sustainability. For this purpose, importance level of assessment indicators on social, economical, and environmental sustainability has been searched through designers who have experiences on super high-rise residential complex design, and weight for each field and importance level for each assessment indicator were analyzed. And then, assessment scores were produced by weight of each assessment indicator. These weight and scores are basis of grade system for assessing sustainability, and also foundation for developing assessment method for sustainability.

저탄소 녹색도시 조성을 위한 친환경 요소의 비중도 분석: 수도권 신도시내 친환경 인증 아파트단지 사례

정성훈 ( Sung Hoon Jung ),김정인 ( Jeong In Kim ) 한국환경정책평가연구원 2011 환경정책연구 Vol.10 No.3

저탄소 녹색도시 조성에 있어서 쾌적한 주거환경의 필수조건인 친환경 요소에 대한 정성적(qualitative) 계획요소분류체계를 발전적으로 확장하여 정량적(quantitative) 계량분석이 가능한 비중도 개념으로 구체화하였다. 이 비중도 개념을 저탄소 녹색도시 조성에 있어서의 다양한 친환경 요소의 발굴과 그에 따른 객관적 평가지표의 새로운 대안으로서 제시하였다. 실증분석을 위하여 첫째, 설문조사는 국내 수도권 신도시내 현지거주자(50명) 및 외부전문가(50명)등 총 100명을 대상으로 실시하였으며, 둘째 사례조사는 수도권 신도시내 74개소의 친환경 인증 아파트단지를 대상으로 실시하였다. 친환경 요소의 항목별, 유형별 합산 비중도를 분석한 결과에서 항목별로는 실내환경 및 생태환경, 유형별로는 탄소저감형 및 탄소흡수형이 큰 비중도로 나타났다. 이런 결과에 따라 최근 수도권 신도시에서는 생태주거 및 신ㆍ재생에너지 등의 미래지향적이고 지속가능성을 위주로 한 다양한 친환경 요소에 대한 인식도 및 선호도가 상당히 보편화 단계에 이르렀다는 긍정적인 의미를 확인하였다. 또한, 장기적 투자 효과를 유발하는 탄소저감형 및 탄소흡수형 위주의 친환경 요소의 도입이 초기 투자비용의 부담에도 불구하고 점차 새로운 주거 트렌드로 정착되어 가고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. The paper affirms the weight proportion concept as an element, which could be empirically analyzed quantitatively through the developmental expansion of qualitative empirical analysis on taxonomy that is required for the construction Low-Carbon Green Cities and their eco-friendly elements, such as a pleasant residential environment The weight proportion concept is proposed as a new measure to identify eco-friendly elements and as an objective assessment indicators. To perform an empirical analysis, surveys were first given to the residents of Metropolitan Newtown (50 persons) and outside experts (50 persons) for the total of 100 persons. Second, the paper surveyed 74 sites of Eco-Environmental Certified Apartment Housing Complexes. Upon analysis of eco-friendly elements by their type and total weight, the largest weight proportion was expressed in the interior and eco-environmental elements, carbon-decrease types, and carbon-absorption types. The results of this paper confirm recent positive sentiments and preference toward a variety of future-oriented and sustainable eco-friendly elements like the eco-housing and new renewable energy, In addition, the paper affirmed the new housing trend towards constructing eco-friendly elements, such as carbon-decrease and carbon-absorption, that induce long-term investments, despite their need for higher investments.

Adaptive Pinning Synchronization of Complex Networks with Negative Weights and Its Application in Traffic Road Network

Dan Wang,Wei-Wei Che,Hao Yu,Jia-Yang Li 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2018 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.16 No.2

As local traffic congestion and uncertainty factors existing on roads may lead to cascading failures or even large area traffic network congestion, a pinning control method is proposed to divert the traffic and then restore the smooth flow of traffic. To eliminate the impacts of uncertainties and negative weights for the traffic network performance, the adaptive pinning control and coupling adjustment strategies are designed to estimate controller parameters and adjust coupling strength to compensate for the impacts on the pinned nodes and unpinned nodes. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, adaptive pinning controllers and network adjusters are developed to guarantee the achievement of network synchronization even in the presence of the uncertainties and negative weights. In addition, we investigate the effects of the type of nodes on pinning synchronization performance. Numerical simulations show that if the network’s degree and the single node energy index are considered, better synchronization performance can be obtained by comparing with the pervious pinning schemes.

Characterization of size fractionated dissolved organic matter from river water and wastewater effluent using preparative high performance size exclusion chromatography

Chon, Kangmin,Chon, Kyongmi,Cho, Jaeweon Elsevier 2017 Organic geochemistry Vol.103 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Structural and functional characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is challenging due to its inherent heterogeneity and coherent complexity. Here, a relatively new method based on preparative high performance size exclusion chromatography using deionized water as mobile phase (recovery rate of total carbon mass>97%) was developed to fractionate DOM depending on molecular size and identify molecular weight (MW)-dependent DOM characteristics presumably associated with its potential for formation of complexes with inorganic species (i.e. metals and metalloids), membrane fouling and disinfection byproducts. Size fractionated DOM from different types of source (river water vs. wastewater effluent) provided similar patterns in water quality, fluorescence properties and biopolymer composition. This suggested that discharge of municipal wastewater had an impact on the river water. However, the propensity for complexation between each size fractionated DOM sample and various inorganic species was substantially different, due to the differences in fluorescence spectral properties and associated biopolymer composition. Among three distinct size fractionated DOM samples, the fraction with medium MW and the main biopolymers polyhydroxy aromatics exhibited a relatively higher potential for metal complexation and the normalized ratio of metals and metalloids to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) [metal/DOC (fraction i, i=I, II, III)] to [metal/DOC (fraction I)] than the other size fractionated DOMs. The results indicate that the biopolymer composition of DOM plays a critical role in its complexation with inorganic species.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Preparative HPSEC using DI water as mobile phase effectively reduced heterogeneity of DOM. </LI> <LI> Negligible DOC loss (recovery>97%) observed after preparative HPSEC. </LI> <LI> Structural alteration of DOM after preparative HPSEC was not significant. </LI> <LI> Biopolymer composition played a key role in complexation of DOM with inorganic species. </LI> </UL> </P>

자연과학편 : Complex Training과 Weight Training이 아이스하키 선수들의 1RM 향상에 미치는 영향

이창영(ChangYoungLee),이수경(SooKyungLee) 한국체육학회 2009 한국체육학회지 Vol.48 No.1

본 연구는 대학교 아이스하키선수 20명을 대상으로 8주간 complex training group과 weight training group으로 나누어 트레이닝을 실시하여 트레이닝 전, 4주 후, 8주 후에 1-RM 향상에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구결과로서 상체 1-RM 검사 결과 5 종목 중에서 complex training group이 Bench press(p<.02)와 Triceps(p<.01)가 측정 집단과 측정 시점 간 상호작용 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 하체에서도 complex training group이 Back squat(p<.004), Leg curl(p<.03), Standing calf raise(p<.0001), Leg extension(p<.0001)과 Hip sled(p<.0001)등 5 종목 모두 측정 집단과 측정 시점 간 상호작용 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 아와 같이 본 연구를 통해 8주간의 단계별 complex training이 weight training에 비하여 유의한 근력 향상을 가져와 아이스하키 선수들의 체력 향상 트레이닝 프로그램으로서 적합하며, 경기력 향상을 위해 실용적으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 또한 상체에서 보다 하체에서 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the phased complex training and weight training for 8 weeks on 1 repetition maximal strength in ice hockey players. Twenty male ice hockey players who participated in the phased complex training and weight training for 8 weeks were pre-(0week), mid-(4weeks), and post-(8week) tested to take the measurement of their 1 repetition maximal strength. They performed 1RM test by Bench press, Biceps curl, Triceps, Crunch, Lat pull down for upper body and Back squat, Leg curl, Leg extension, Standing calf raise, Hip sled for lower body. Among the 5 kinds of 1RM test for upper body, significant group-by-time interactions were found in Bench press(p<.02) and Triceps(p<.01) in complex training group. In the test for lower body, significant group-by-time interactions were found in Back squat(p<.004), Leg curl(p<.03), Standing calf raise(p<.0001), Leg extension(p<.0001) and Hip sled(p<.0001) in complex training group. The data obtained from this study have shown that the phased complex training for 8 weeks led to improvements in 1 repetition maximal strength of ice hockey players. Therefore, this indicate that complex training has a positive effect on 1 repetition maximal strength in ice hockey players.

체육측정평가학 : 6주간 복합트레이닝이 농구선수의 근 파워와 초대 근력에 미치는 영향

유영규(YoungKyuYu),송원석(WonSukSong),정연성(YonSungJung) 한국체육학회 2005 한국체육학회지 Vol.44 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects in reinforcement training of leg muscular power and maximum strength for six weeks. Research subjects were some of 12 university athletes who play basketball.They were divided into three group ; three types of experimental groups. the changes of the leg muscular power and maximum strength were compared and analyzed. Results found from such a comparative analysis study were as follows ;1. The change of leg muscular power.1) The measured value of standing long jump, standing triple jump, and vertical jump had an effect on training for six weeks in the order of complex training group, plyometric training group, and weight training group. And complex training group showed a most largely improvement but, it wasn't statistically significant difference among the three groups.2) The measured value of 25m single leg hop had an effect on training for six weeks in the order of weight training group, complex training group, and plyometric training group. And weight training group showed a most largely improvement but, it wasn't statistically significant difference among the three groups.2. The change of leg maximum strength.Result of training for six weeks, the measured value of leg maximum strength had an effect in the order of complex training group, plyometric training group, and weight training group. And complex training group showed a most largely effect but, it wasn't statistically significant difference among the three groups.In conclusion, the change of leg muscular power and leg maximum strength were statistically significant difference before and after training but, it wasn't statistically significant difference among the three groups.