Visual Color Difference between Colored-Yarn Mixed Woven Fabrics and Their Instrumentally Measured Colors: the Effects of Individual Yarn Colors and Texture

Youngjoo Chae,Jisoo Hwang 한국섬유공학회 2020 Fibers and polymers Vol.21 No.4

The study investigated the differences between perceived and instrumentally measured colors of woven fabrics inwhich different colored yarns are woven together such that they are perceived as solid colors. Cyan, magenta, and yellowyarns were woven together to produce 63 fabrics in a wide range of colors, the values of which were measuredspectrophotometrically. The measured colors were generated as solid color images on a calibrated cathode ray tube (CRT)monitor. Then the fabrics were scanned and their scanned images were displayed beside their corresponding solid colorimages on the CRT monitor to evaluate the visual color difference between them. The results showed that the individual yarncolors and their interlacement on the fabric surface influenced the overall color appearance. Although the woven and solidcolors in each pair had identical CIELAB color values, the perceived color difference was as large as 5.68 ΔE*ab,10 onaverage. Fabrics composed of various colors of yarn were found to have larger visual color differences from their measuredcolors than those composed of single colors of yarn. The visual color difference varied according to texture, but texturestrength, which has been widely reported as a strong parametric factor in visual color difference evaluation, was not shown tohave had a consistent effect. This study also examined how the overall color attributes, including the lightness, chroma, andhue, of fabrics affected the visual color difference and developed a predictive model of those effects.

Analysis of Color Difference Perception between Color Reproduction Media in Online and Offline Fashion Commerce Environment

( Sungwoo Moon ),( Youngjoo Chae ) 한국감성과학회 2023 한국감성과학회 국제학술대회(ICES) Vol.2023 No.-

In this research, we quantitatively analyzed people's perception of color differences in the fashion commerce environment between online and offline spaces. Additionally, we analyzed the color factors that influence people's subjective perception of these color differences. For this purpose, display samples and fabric samples representing online and offline environments were produced, and visual color assessment was conducted along with physical color measurement. As a result, we observed a large discrepancy between the actual physical color difference and the people's subjective color difference perception. This was found to be influenced by color factors such as the composition ratio of magenta(M) and black(K) among the CMYK primary colors used in the production of the two types of samples and the Lightness(L*₁₀) and Chroma(C*_ab,10) of the display sample. This study proposes a color control method in an online environment that allows consumers to perceive color differences that occur between online and offline environments at a level similar to the actual difference, which increases consumers' positive color satisfaction with fashion e-commerce.

광원의 색온도에 따른 고령자의 실내색채 지각특성에 관한 연구

임오연(Yim Oh-Yon),김병수(Kim Byoung-Soo) 대한건축학회 2008 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.24 No.4

The purpose of this study is to analyse the color perception characteristics in senior housing through the quantitative analysis of correlation between interior lighting and color. We executed subjective evaluation experiment of the color/lighting with Mock-Up after analyzing the visual variation of a senior people, along aging. We used the color differences decreasing method that can calculate a distance between two points in Munsell color space in order to evaluate color differences between the color that testee recoded with the lens filter and the base color of the ceiling, wall and floor. 1. As a result of color shift analysis using the color differences decreasing method, color difference between base color and object color was higher with lower illuminable. And the difference of color shift between two lens filters was low with higher illuminance. 2. In case of 850lux daylight color condition with color temperature higher than 4500K, color difference from base color was higher with YA3 lens filter than Y2. And there was no big difference between Y2 and YA3 in case of bulb color with less than 3500K color temperature. 3. In case of Y2 lens filter(40~50 age), it's better to keep the illuminance in 500lux with warm lamps(3500K), and in case of YA3 lens filter(60~70 age), color shift could be reduced if illuminance is higher than 850lux with daylighting lamp(4500K).

염모제 브랜드별 착색 데이터 비교 연구

이영희 국제보건미용학회 2021 국제보건미용학회지 Vol.15 No.1

This study chose 24 hair dyes from 3 different brands as an experimental group and measured hair coloring results using a colorimeter. Data were then extracted from and analyzed through Korea Standard Color Analysis (KSCA) and color analysis software and the results found the following: ‘L’ company revealed a large difference between the color chart colors and the experimental result colors. Also, it was mostly higher than other companies in terms of lightness. Furthermore, it showed great red coloring in along with ‘A’ company. In terms of color development, orange revealed the greatest performance. In contrast, ‘W’ company was lowest in terms of the difference between the color chart colors and the experimental result colors. In fact, it showed weak red coloring. When hair was colored with medium-lightness dyes, the highest bleaching effects were observed with a great vividness of color. ‘A’ company revealed great coloring in warm colors. A8.55 showed the highest saturation among all types. It was higher in saturation but low in lightness compared to other companies. When the dyed colors were analyzed with the Munsell color system, red, yellow-red, and natural colors were mostly found in ‘L’ company while ‘W’ company primarily focused on yellow-red and yellow colors. In addition, bluish red and reddish violet were found. Furthermore, it revealed a medium-saturated color distribution and showed a great performance in developing a specific color.

Color Characteristics of Naturally Dyed Silk fabrics According to Pantone Color Matching System

An Rye Lee,Badmaanyambuu Sarmandakh,Eunjou Yi 대한인간공학회 2014 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.5

This study was attempted in order to match color of silk fabrics dyed with natural dyes with color in Pantone System and to analyze color of the fabrics according to Pantone System for the application of naturally dyed textiles to the practical color system. A silk fabric was dyed with a variety of natural dyed to express 205 different colors and the color variables such as CIE LABCh were obtained. Each of the colored fabric was matched to more than a Pantone color in Pantone® Fashion Home + Interior with less than 3.0 of CIE color difference, ΔE. Matched colors of naturally dyed fabrics were characterized in terms of color variables including hue, lightness, and saturation and color names in Pantone. Finally unmatched colors of naturally dyed fabrics with Pantone were figured out in CIE for the purpose of their future modification. As results, 55 different naturally dyed silk fabrics were found out to have more than one Pantone color showing less than 3.0 of ΔE, which is said that they may be depicted as 109 different Pantone color names. In terms of Pantone system, many of matched naturally dyed colors could be said to have both lower lightness and lower saturation. Among natural dyes, raw indigo, charcoal, and pomegranate were shown to have colors to match more Pantone colors by being dyed on silk while Gardenia Yellow, Betel Net, Lac, and Anato were revealed to have fewer matched Pantone colors. Most of unmatched naturally dyed colors were thought to show higher saturation and medium lightness in CIE with which colors are likely not to be found frequently in Pantone® Fashion Home + Interior. These results could be useful to develop more naturally dyed fabrics to meet Pantone colors for contemporary fashion industries.

Senescent Effects on Color Perception and Emotion

Jeong-won Han,Bog G. Kim,Inyoung Choi,Soobeen Park 대한건축학회 2016 Architectural research Vol.18 No.3

Senescent effects are the gradual deterioration of function caused by biological aging. Senescent effects on color vision are not clearly understood even after considerable researches. Part of the reason is that the color vision is a complex phenomenon resulting from various factors such as organic systems, and the physical (neuro-optical) and the psychological (experiential) processes of color perception. We performed a field experiment on color perceptional differences due to aging vision. Our experiment was applied to two different groups in South Korea: an experimental group (46 subjects of over the age of 61 years) and a control group (49 subjects in their twenties). The experimental tools are comprised of (1) six gradual yellowing detector board (40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%); (2) pairs of vivid-strong, vivid-deep, grayish-deep, deep-dull, and bright-light tones of Blue (B) and Purple (P) colors; (3) Red (R), Yellow (Y), Green (G), Blue (B), and Purple (P) colors of dull-tones and pale-tones; and (4) a questionnaire on the semantic differential scales of the color images and color differences. A diagnosis system of gradual yellow vision, developed by the authors for this study, was adapted to generate the color detecting boards. The results are as follows. (1) There are significant differences between the two groups in detecting colors that simulate 40% and 50% of yellow vision. (2) As to the color difference detecting ability between similar tones, the experimental group shows difficulties in pairs of vivid-strong tones and deep-dull tones of the B color. And (3), the emotional responses to the dull tone and the pale tone are not stable in the red, the yellow, blue, and purple. Thus, we empirically demonstrate the specific differences in color perception between the old and young groups.

Color Evolution in Single Crystal Colored Cubic Zirconias With Annealing Atmosphere and Temperature

Song, Jeongho,Noh, Yunyoung,Song, Ohsung The Korean Ceramic Society 2016 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.53 No.4

Color change in single-crystal, yellow, red, purple, and colorless cubic zirconias (CZs) was investigated as a function of annealing in vacuum and air atmosphere at $800-1400^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, for development of a damascene process of plugging a precious metal paste at the elevated temperature. Coloring-element contents of the CZs were evaluated using WD-XRF, and the color change determined visually by naked eye, and using a digital camera and UV-Vis-NIR color analyzer. WD-XRF showed that all of the CZs had cubic-phase stabilizer elements and coloring elements. All CZs that underwent vacuum annealing exhibited a slight color change at $<900^{\circ}C$, while their colors began to change to black at $1100^{\circ}C$, and became opaque black at $1400^{\circ}C$. After air annealing, there was almost no color change up to $1400^{\circ}C$. Since red and purple CZs showed greater color difference (CD) values than the others, the degree of CD is likely to depend on the original color of the CZ due to the different stabilities of their coloring elements during annealing. Based on our results, it is suggested that annealing in air at $<900^{\circ}C$ is advantageous, and assorted colored CZs can be used for precious metal damascene.

컬러 매칭 알고리즘을 이용하는 디지털 컬러 장비의 특성화

홍민희,조현태,Hong, Min Hui,Cho, Hyeon Tae 한국섬유공학회 2014 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.51 No.1

There is a strong demand for original color reproduction regardless of the imaging device being used. To reduce color distortion and the problem of color communication, it is necessary to determine the color characteristics of each imaging device. For example, color reproduction varies between different kinds of printers because of the differences between the inks and color gamut of each device. It is well known that the ICC profile is used for printer color reproduction. This raises the issue, however, of whether the inks are manufactured using the same ICC profile. In this study, a new digital color device characterization method based on color matching using the R, G, B spectra and C, M, Y, K spectra is proposed. The ICC profile and the multiple regression analysis method are used to compare the results obtained with the characterization method. The differences between the target colors and the colors actually produced by a digital color device, for example, a monitor and a printer, using the proposed characterization method were found to be smaller than when using ICC profiles or the multiple regression analysis method when a comparison is made without considering the color mapping effect. The colors for which there is a large color difference are distributed toward the boundaries of the device's color gamuts.

직물을 구성하는 실의 시각적 혼색 효과

채영주 ( Youngjoo Chae ) 한국의류학회 2019 한국의류학회지 Vol.43 No.3

This research investigated the effect of individual yarn colors on the perception of overall colors of yarn-dyed woven fabrics. The way the colors of yarn-dyed woven fabrics are perceived is known as visual color mixing: when the different colored yarns juxtaposed on the fabric surface are observed from some distance away, they are visually mixed in our eyes and perceived as a solid color. However, we can still see individual yarn colors that make the fabrics look obviously different from actual solid colors. To quantify this visual color mixing effect, twenty-one sateen fabrics were produced in a wide range of colors using cyan, magenta, and yellow yarns, and the colors were measured instrumentally. The obtained colorimetric values were converted into solid color images on a CRT monitor. Then, the physical fabrics were scanned, and the scanned images were displayed on the monitor with solid color images in pairs for visual color difference evaluation. The woven and solid colors in each pair were of physically identical color; however, the visual color difference was as large as 4.81 ΔE^*_ab on average. A visual color difference model was proposed by considering this parametric effect of individual yarn colors.

검정콩의 종자크기 및 자엽색에 따른 안토시아닌 함량 및 색차

주용하,정길웅,이동진 한국국제농업개발학회 2004 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.16 No.3

재배품종인 검정콩2호, 일품검정콩, 검정옥콩, 청자콩, 다원콩, 진주1호, 쥐눈이콩(Y), 쥐눈이콩(G)를 공시하여 종자크기 및 자엽색에 따른 안토시아닌의 함량 및 색차를 알아보고자 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. D3G, Pt3G 및 총함량은 소립종에서 높았으며, C3G는 대립종과 소립종간에 차이가 없었다. 2. 대립종과 소립종간에 안토시아닌의 색도는 Hunter's value 인 L(명도). a(적색도), b(황색도)값이 모두 차이가 없었다. 3. D3G와 Pt3G는 녹색자엽종의다 황색자엽종에서 높았으며, C3G와 총함량은 황색자엽보다 녹색자엽종에서 높았다. 4. 황색자엽종과 녹색자엽종간에 안토시아닌의 색도는 Hunter's value인 L(명도), a(적색도), b(황색도)값이 모두 차이가 없었다. To proffer the basic data about varietal breeding for specific use through investigation of the content and color difference of anthocyanin due to seed sizes and cotyledon colors. Eight varieties, Geomjeongkong 2, Ilpumgeomjeongkong, Geomjeongolkong, Cheongjakong, Tawonkong, Jinju 1, Juinunikong-Y, and Juinunikong-G were tested in this experiment. Delphinidin-3-glucoside (D3G), petunidin-3-glucoside (Pt3G), and total content of anthocyanin were higher in small seeds but cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) was not different between seed sizes. Color difference of anthocyanins between large and small seeds was no distinguished difference in L (lightness), a (redness), and b(yellowness) as Hunter's value. D3G and PT3G in seed cotyledon color were higher in yellow color than green color and C3G and total content were higher in green color than yellow color. The L, a, and b of anthocyanin between seed cotyledon colors were all not different.