Toxicity Assessment of a No-Pain Pharmacopuncture Extract Using a Standard Battery of In Vitro Chromosome Aberration Tests

Hwang Ji Hye,Hwang Ji Hye 대한약침학회 2024 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.27 No.1

Objectives: Genotoxicity is evaluated through a chromosomal aberration test using cultured mammalian cells to determine the toxicity of no-pain pharmacopuncture (NPP), which has recently been used to treat musculoskeletal pain disorders in Korean medical clinical practice. Methods: An initial test was performed to determine the dosage range of the NPP, followed by the main test. In this study, NPP doses of 10.0, 5.0, and 2.5%, and negative and positive controls were tested. An in vitro chromosome aberration test was performed using Chinese hamster lung cells under short-term treatment with or without metabolic activation and under continuous treatment without metabolic activation. Results: Compared with the saline negative control group, NPP did not significantly increase the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in Chinese hamster lung cells, regardless of the presence or absence of metabolic activation. Additionally, the number of cells with structural chromosomal abnormalities was significantly higher in the positive control group than that in the negative control group that received saline. Conclusion: Based on the above results, the chromosomal abnormality-producing effect of NPP was determined to be negative under these test conditions.

Genotoxicity Test on 3,9-Diferuloyl-6-oxopterocarpen, a New Agent Candidate for Anti-aging Material

Yu-Ri Jung,Sung-Min Park,Nam-Jin Lee,Hyeong-Bae Pyo,Geun Soo Kim,Jong-Hun You,Chun-Mei Lin,Zheng Mei Shu,Jong-Koo Kang 한국실험동물학회 2008 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.24 No.1

To perform the safety studies on 3,9-diferuloyl-6-oxopterocarpen (DFO), we accomplished the reverse mutation assay in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli, in vitro chromosomal aberration assay on Chinese hamster lung cell and in vivo bone marrow micronucleus test in male ICR mice. In the reverse mutation assay, this material treatment at the dose range up to 5,000 ㎍/plate did not induce mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and in Escherichia coli WP2uvrA-with and without metabolic activation. In the in vitro chromosomal aberration assay, this material did not increase the number of cells having structural or numerical chromosome aberration. In the in vivo bone marrow micronucleus assay, no significant increase in the occurrence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was observed in male ICR mice administered this material. In conclusion, we suggested that DFO have no genotoxicity in reverse mutation assay, in vitro chromosomal aberration assay and in vivo bone marrow micronucleus test.

Intralipidos에 대한 변이원성시험

정지윤,이원우,임종희,남정석,제정환,이광훈,강병철,이병희,박재학,이영순,Jung, Ji-Youn,Lee, Won-Woo,Ihm, Jong-Hee,Nam, Jeong-Seok,Che, Jeong-Hwan,Li, Guang-Xun,Kang, Byeong-Cheol,Yi, Beoung-Hi,Park, Jae-Hak,Lee, Yong-Soon 한국독성학회 1998 Toxicological Research Vol.14 No.3

In order to evaluate the mutagenic potential of Intralipidos produced by Greenmate cooperation. We performed Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay, chromosomal aberration test on chinese hamster ovarian cells and in vivo micronucleus assay using mouse bone marrow cells. In the reverse mutation test using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100, Intralipidos did not increase the number of revertant at any of the concentration tested in this study. Intralipidos did not increase the number of cells having structural or numberical chromosome aberration in cytogenetic test. In mouse micronucleus test, no significant increase were observed in the occurrence of micornucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in ICR male mice intraperitoneally administered with Intralipidos. These results indicate that Intralipidos has no genetic toxicity under these experimental conditions.

SDK시제품(가칭)에 대한 변이원성시험

정지윤,이원우,임종희,남정석,제정환,이광훈,강병철,이병희,박재학 한국독성학회 1998 Toxicological Research Vol.14 No.2

In order to evaluate the mutagenic potential of SDK(skin decontamination kit) produced by Agency for Defense Development(ADD), were performed Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay, chromosomal aberration test on chinese hamster ovarian cells and in vivo micronucleus assay using mouse bone marrow cells according to the established regulation of Korean Food and Drug Administration. In the reverse mutation test using Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537 did not in-crease the number of revertant at any of the concentration tested in this study. SDK did not increase the number of cells having structural or numerical chromosome aberration in cytogenetic test. In mouse micronucleus test, no significant increase in the occurrence oj micro nucleated polychromatic erythrocytes were observed in ICR male mice intraperitoneally administered with SDK. These results indicate that SDK has no mutagenic effects under these experimental conditions.

Genotoxicity studies of substance-P by using short-term assay

Hong, Hyun Sook,Yim, Sung-Vin,Son, Youngsook THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF TOXICOGENOMICS AND TOXICOPRP 2016 MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR TOXICOLOGY Vol. No.

Substance-P (SP) can function of mobilizing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the bone marrow to the circulation and exert anti-inflammatory effects by increasing anti-inflammatory M2-type macrophage and regulatory T cells in the circulation. The preclinical efficacy of SP was demonstrated in a variety of conditions including ischemia damages, but its safety was not assessed. In this study, we assessed the genotoxicity of SP by using in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assay, chromosomal aberration assay, and in vivo micronucleus test. The maximum test dose of SP was <TEX>$250{\mu}g/mL$</TEX> in a cell-based assay and 16.6 mg/kg for an in vivo test. Ames test revealed SP did not increase in the number of revertant colonies. An in vitro chromosomal aberration assay with Chinese hamster lung cells showed that SP was not clastogenic even at the maximum dose applied. In vivo micronucleus test also demonstrated that SP did not induce micronuclei formation in the bone marrow cells of male ICR mice. Taken together, our results suggest that SP is not mutagenic to bacterial cells. Moreover, SP does not cause chromosomal damage in mammalian cells either in vitro or in vivo.

Genotoxicity studies of substance-P by using short-term assay

홍현숙,임성빈,손영숙 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2016 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.12 No.4

Substance-P (SP) can function of mobilizing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the bone marrow to the circulation and exert anti-inflammatory effects by increasing anti-inflammatory M2-type macrophage and regulatory T cells in the circulation. The preclinical efficacy of SP was demonstrated in a variety of conditions including ischemia damages, but its safety was not assessed. In this study, we assessed the genotoxicity of SP by using in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assay, chromosomal aberration assay, and in vivo micronucleus test. The maximum test dose of SP was 250 μg/mL in a cell-based assay and 16.6 mg/kg for an in vivo test. Ames test revealed SP did not increase in the number of revertant colonies. An in vitro chromosomal aberration assay with Chinese hamster lung cells showed that SP was not clastogenic even at the maximum dose applied. In vivo micronucleus test also demonstrated that SP did not induce micronuclei formation in the bone marrow cells of male ICR mice. Taken together, our results suggest that SP is not mutagenic to bacterial cells. Moreover, SP does not cause chromosomal damage in mammalian cells either in vitro or in vivo.

Genotoxicity evaluation of a <i>Phragmitis rhizoma</i> extract using a standard battery of <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> assays

Kim, No Soo,Shin, Sarah,Shin, Geon-Gook,Bang, Ok-Sun Elsevier 2019 Journal of Ethnopharmacology Vol.241 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Ethnopharmacological relevance</B></P> <P>A rhizome of <I>Phragmites communis</I> Trinius has been used in traditional medicine to remove a heat, relieve vomiting and fever, nourish body fluids, and treat diseases like cancers. However, the safety of <I>Phragmitis rhizoma</I> has not yet been fully assessed.</P> <P> <I>Aim of the study</I>: The present study evaluated the genotoxicity of an aqueous extract of <I>Phragmitis rhizoma</I> (AEPR).</P> <P><B>Materials and methods</B></P> <P>The genotoxic potential of AEPR was evaluated using both <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> assay systems: a bacterial reverse mutation (AMES) test using auxotrophic mutant strains of <I>Salmonella typhimurium</I> (TA100, TA1535, TA98, TA1537) and <I>Escherichia coli</I> (WP2 <I>uvr</I>A), a chromosomal aberration test using Chinese hamster lung cells, and a micronucleus test using bone marrow cells from male ICR mice subjected to an oral administration of AEPR. All tests were completed in compliance with the OECD guidelines or regional regulatory standards for toxicity study, and Good Laboratory Practice.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>When compared with the negative control, no genotoxic signs related to the AEPR treatment were observed in the AMES test up to 5000 μg/plate of AEPR and in the chromosomal aberration test up to 500 μg/ml of AEPR regardless of metabolic activation. Repeated oral administration of AEPR up to 5000 mg/kg/day for 2 days did not affect the body weight gains or mortalities of the experimental mice and did not induce any significant changes in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>The present study demonstrated that aqueous extract of <I>Phragmitis rhizoma</I> is safe regarding genotoxicity in an experimental model at least under the conditions tested. Further toxicity assessment in a human clinical study should be done to support the safe use of <I>Phragmitis rhizoma</I> by patients and healthcare providers.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Genotoxicity Assessment of Erythritol by Using Short-term Assay

Young-Shin Chung,Michael Lee 한국독성학회 2013 Toxicological Research Vol.29 No.4

Erythritol is a sugar alcohol that is widely used as a natural sugar substitute. Thus, the safety of its usage is very important. In the present study, short-term genotoxicity assays were conducted to evaluate the potential genotoxic effects of erythritol. According to the OECD test guidelines, the maximum test dose was 5,000 μg/plate in bacterial reverse mutation tests, 5,000 μg/ml in cell-based assays, and 5,000 mg/kg for in vivo testing. An Ames test did not reveal any positive results. No clastogenicity was observed in a chromosomal aberration test with CHL cells or an in vitro micronucleus test with L5178Y tk<SUP>+/-</SUP> cells. Erythritol induced a marginal increase of DNA damage at two high doses by 24 hr of exposure in a comet assay using L5178Y tk<SUP>+/-</SUP> cells. Additionally, in vivo micronucleus tests clearly demonstrated that oral administration of erythritol did not induce micronuclei formation of the bone marrow cells of male ICR mice. Taken together, our results indicate that erythritol is not mutagenic to bacterial cells and does not cause chromosomal damage in mammalian cells either in vitro or in vivo.

Genotoxicity Assessment of Erythritol by Using Short-term Assay

Chung, Young-Shin,Lee, Michael Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2013 Toxicological Research Vol.29 No.4

Erythritol is a sugar alcohol that is widely used as a natural sugar substitute. Thus, the safety of its usage is very important. In the present study, short-term genotoxicity assays were conducted to evaluate the potential genotoxic effects of erythritol. According to the OECD test guidelines, the maximum test dose was 5,000 ${\mu}g$/plate in bacterial reverse mutation tests, 5,000 ${\mu}g/ml$ in cell-based assays, and 5,000 mg/kg for in vivo testing. An Ames test did not reveal any positive results. No clastogenicity was observed in a chromosomal aberration test with CHL cells or an in vitro micronucleus test with L5178Y $tk^{+/-}$ cells. Erythritol induced a marginal increase of DNA damage at two high doses by 24 hr of exposure in a comet assay using L5178Y $tk^{+/-}$ cells. Additionally, in vivo micronucleus tests clearly demonstrated that oral administration of erythritol did not induce micronuclei formation of the bone marrow cells of male ICR mice. Taken together, our results indicate that erythritol is not mutagenic to bacterial cells and does not cause chromosomal damage in mammalian cells either in vitro or in vivo.

Genotoxicity Assessment of Erythritol by Using Short-term Assay

이미가엘,정영신 한국독성학회 2013 Toxicological Research Vol.29 No.4

Erythritol is a sugar alcohol that is widely used as a natural sugar substitute. Thus, the safety of its usage is very important. In the present study, short-term genotoxicity assays were conducted to evaluate the potential genotoxic effects of erythritol. According to the OECD test guidelines, the maximum test dose was 5,000 μg/plate in bacterial reverse mutation tests, 5,000 μg/ml in cell-based assays, and 5,000 mg/kg for in vivo testing. An Ames test did not reveal any positive results. No clastogenicity was observed in a chromosomal aberration test with CHL cells or an in vitro micronucleus test with L5178Y tk+/− cells. Erythritol induced a marginal increase of DNA damage at two high doses by 24 hr of exposure in a comet assay using L5178Y tk+/− cells. Additionally, in vivo micronucleus tests clearly demonstrated that oral administration of erythritol did not induce micronuclei formation of the bone marrow cells of male ICR mice. Taken together, our results indicate that erythritol is not mutagenic to bacterial cells and does not cause chromosomal damage in mammalian cells either in vitro or in vivo.