양육비 지급청구와 양육비 산정방안

이창규 ( Chang Kyu Lee ) 제주대학교 법과정책연구소 2015 국제법무 Vol.7 No.2

양육비란 「민법」 제4조에 따른 미성년 자녀를 보호·양육하는 데 필요한 비용이다. 우리 민법에서 양육비의 개념은 강학상 논의되어 왔고, 근래에 시행된 양육비 이행확보 및 원에 관한 법률이 시행되면서 법률로서 정의되었다. 이러한 양육비와 관련된 논의는 민법 제정 시부터 논의된 개념은 아니며, 오늘 날 이혼 부부가 많이 늘어남에 따라 양육비 지급채무의 이행에 관한 내용이 부각되면서 중점적으로 논의되었다. 양육비는 자녀의 복리를 위한 금전채권(양육비)의 확보라는 명분을 갖고 있지만 이혼의 당사자 사이의 악화된 감정 등을 이유로 양육비의 이행이 제대로 이루어지지 않는 경 가 종종 발생하였다. 이러한 이유로 2009년 민법과 가사소송법의 개정을 통하여 양육비 이행확보에 관한 집행의 강화와 절차의 편의를 위한 새로운 제도를 도입하였다. 그 나 당사자에게 양육비 관련 사항을 공평하게 분담하지 못하는 한계를 보이면서, 일방에게 양육책임이 맡겨짐 에 따라 자녀복리(福利)에 관한 침해가 발생하였다. 이에 따라 여성가족부의 주도로 양육비 이행확보 및 지원에 관한 법률이 2014년에 제정되고, 2015년부터 시행되게 되었다. 그런데 우리 법에서 자녀 양육비의 지급청구에 관한 제도는 민법·가사소송 법·양육비 이행확보 및 지원에 관한 법률로 분별되어 있는 만큼 각 법에서 시 행 중인 양육비 지급 구에 관한 제도가 어떠한 역할을 하는지에 대한 논의 가 필요하다. 그래서 이 글에서는 새롭게 양육비 이행확보 및 지원에 관한 법률이 시행됨에 따라, 각 법에 규정된 제도 이 법과 어떻게 조화를 이루고 있는지에 대한 검토와 함께 양육비이행법상 양육비 산정기준을 제시하였다. The child support is a cost that is necessary to nurture the children of minors. These child support was defined by the law of the support implementation of the law that have been recently implemented. Child support is for the payment of reasonable child support of minor children. Child support is intended to efficiently secure child support for the children``s welfare. However divorced couples are not to paying child support is not paid child support has occurred frequently. So it amended civil code and family litigation act for the efficient implementation of child support in 2009. Evertheless, since the payment of child support has not been fulfilled, ministry of gender equality and family has established child support implementation method. However, policies regarding payment of child support in the current law is a civil law, family litigation act and support implementation of the law. So is the policy related to child support payments that are in force in each of the law is necessary to discuss what it is. In this paper, it was analyzed should be applied how the policies that are defined in the child support implementation method and of each law.

양육비 채무 이행률 제고를 위한 몇 가지 제언

현소혜 사법발전재단 2023 사법 Vol.1 No.64

Every child support policy aims to promote the welfare of children and reduce the financial burden on the government caused by single-parent families in poverty by securing timely child support payments. To timely child support, the following three steps must operate properly: 1) encouraging child support debtors to fulfill their obligations voluntarily, 2) ensuring that measures for child support enforcement work effectively in cases of deadbeat parents, and 3) making sure that child support payments of a certain amount or more are secured on time, even if the debtors do not perform their debts. This paper suggests several measures to improve the rate of child support payments at each stage. Firstly, internal compliance should be strengthened through counseling and persuasion from the initial stage of default. It is also important to identify the main reasons for default through monitoring and provide customized support programs. Secondly, external compliance should be strengthened through enhancing the effectiveness of fines and detention. Particularly, the detention prioritization must be abolished, as it is a major obstacle to requesting the suspension of a driver's license, prohibiting departure, and to disclosing the list of delinquent parents. Thirdly, a child support payment system should be established to ensure support for every child, regardless of the income level of the debtor or creditor. Prior to this, it is necessary to give the Korean Child Support Agency the authority to investigate the property of debtors without their consent from the early stages. 모든 양육비 관련 정책의 최종 목표는 미성년 자녀를 위해 적시에 필요한 양육비를 확보함으로써 아동의 복리를 실현하고, 한부모가족의 빈곤 문제로 인한 국가의 재정적 부담을 감소시키는 데 있다. 미성년 자녀를 위해 적시에 양육비를 확보하려면 다음의 세 가지 단계가 제대로 작동해야 한다. 첫째, 양육비 채무자가 양육비 채무를 자발적으로 이행할 수 있도록 지원해야 한다. 둘째, 양육비 채무자가 자발적으로 채무를 이행하지 않는 경우에 대비하여 효과적인 이행강제수단을 확보해야 한다. 셋째, 양육비 채무가 제때 이행되지 않더라도 양육비 채권자가 일정 수준 이상의 자녀 양육비를 확보할 수 있도록 해야 한다. 본 논문은 위 각 단계별로 나누어 양육비 채무 이행률 제고를 위한 몇 가지 방안을 제시하였다. 첫째, 양육비 채무 불이행 초기 단계부터 상담 및 권고를 통해 내면적 규범 준수력을 강화해야 한다. 모니터링을 통해 양육비 채무불이행 원인을 파악하고, 맞춤형 지원 프로그램을 제공하는 것도 중요하다. 둘째, 과태료와 감치의 실효성을 제고하여 외면적 규범 준수력을 강화하는 한편, 운전면허 정지 처분요청 제도·출국금지 요청 제도·명단공개 제도 이용에 장애요인이 되고 있는 감치 선행주의를 폐지하여 이행강제수단이 효과적으로 작용할 수 있도록 해야 한다. 셋째, 양육비 대지급 제도를 도입하여 채무자나 채권자의 소득수준과 무관하게 모든 아동을 위해 보편적으로 양육비를 확보해야 한다. 이를 위해서는 먼저 양육비이행관리원의 조사 권한 및 조사 시기 등을 정비하여야 할 것이다.

자녀양육신탁의 효용과 쟁점

이연갑(Lee Yeon Kab) 한국가족법학회 2017 가족법연구 Vol.31 No.2

In constrast to the situation of Anglo-American countries, the child support trust is a rare thing in Korea, despite its long history of trust law. In this article, the author tries to explain the usefulness and structure of the child support trust in terms of Korean trust law. First, the author argues that the child support trust could be used as an incentive for child support payment. At least some of non-custodial parents seems to delay or deny the payments because of concerns that the payments could be used not for the child or children of their broken marriage, but for the custodial parent or her/his newly married spouses or their child or children. If it could be guaranteed that the payment could be used soley for her/his child or children, he/she would be more willing to pay the support. According to the author, the child support trust could provide that guaranty. Second, although in principle, the child support trust should be settled only after the parents agreed to, the author maintains that the family court could order the non-custodial parent to settle the trust for the benefit of the child or children, in certain limited circumstances. Third, the author predicts that the close family member or a friend of the trustor (non-custodial parent) could usually be the trustee of the child support trust, because the size of the trust property is comparatively small, which would make the trust companies less inclined to serve as trustees for the child support trust. Moreover, Capital Market Law of Korea, which provides the minimum standard of capital for the trust business, makes it almost impossible for the lawyers, paralegals or social welfare NGOs to serve as trustees. Therefore, there should be careful assistance by the lawyers for those who are going to serve as trustees, especially in the drafting stage of the trust settlement process.

양육비 지급이행 강제 수단으로서의 운전면허제한에 대한 행정법적 검토 ― 미국의 CES Program(자녀양육이행제도)를 중심으로 ―

이비안 미국헌법학회 2019 美國憲法硏究 Vol.30 No.3

한부모가정의 ‘양육비・교육비 부담’ 어려움을 겪고 있으며, 78.8%가 양육비 채무자로부터 양육비를 받지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 기존의 양육비지급 이행을 위한 제도 개선으로 다소의 성과는 있었다고 평가되고 있기는 하다. 그러나 양육비를 전혀 받지 못하고 있는 한부모가정이 70% 이상이라는 2018년 여성가족부의 조사결과는 현행 제도의 혁신적 개선이 시급하다는 점을 말하여주고 있다. 본 논문은 서론에서 우리나라의 양육비지급이행을 위한 새로운 대안으로 운전면허정지제도를 도입할 필요성에 대하여 제시하고, II에서는 우리나라의 양육비 지급이행상황, 현행 양육비이행법의 내용, 주무관서인 양육비이행관리원에 대하여 소개・검토하고, 저조한 양육비지급이행율의 원인인 현 제도의 한계와 문제점을 분석한다. III에서는 비교적 양육비 지급이행율이 높다고 할 수 있는 미국의 양육비관계법령에 대하여 소개하기로 한다. 우선, 양육비지급의무 미이행을 이유로 하는 운전면허제한제도 시행이 가능했던 배경과 이행실태, 효과를 살펴본다. 또한, 당해 제도 시행과 관련하여 운전면허의 법적 성격 등 주요 법적 쟁점에 대하여 검토한다. IV에서는 우리나라가 양육비지급의무 미이행을 원인으로 하는 운전면허제한제도를 도입・이행하기 위하여 고려하여야 할 법적인 쟁점 및 그 해결안을 모색하였다. 양육비지급미이행으로 인한 운전면허정지제도는 지급의무이행을 유도하는 기능으로 운전면허정지가능성을 국민이 인지하게 함으로써 동제도에 직접적으로 의존하지 않더라도 그 존재만으로도 양육비지급이행률을 향상시킬 수 있다는 점이다. Single parent Family suffer from child support or education expenses. 78.8% of child support creditors are not receiving the expenses from their debtors. Recently, Korea has put a lot of efforts to reform its governmental programs for child support by amending the Civil law and the family law. Their results have been highly evaluated. Nevertheless, there are 70% of the creditors who do not receive any penny for child support. This means a new program, such as driver’s license suspension, is required to enforce debtors to pay child supports. Introduction suggests a need of driver’s license suspension as a new program for failing to pay child supports. Part II shows Korea’s situations of child support payments, child support act and child support agency and then analyzes that limits and problems of the child support programs of Korea which cause low rate of child support payments. Part III shows and studies the Child Support Enforcement Program of the United States which are evaluated successful. It focuses on backgrounds and implementation of Driver’s license suspension for failing to pay child supports. It analyzes whether driver’s license is right or privilege and other legal issues. Part IV suggests what should be considered and solved for introducing driver’s license suspension for failing to pay child support in aspect of the administrative law.

양육비 이행지원 강화방안

박복순(Bok-soon Park) 전남대학교 공익인권법센터 2019 인권법평론 Vol.- No.22

양육비는 부모에게 전적으로 생계를 의지하는 자녀의 기본적인 생계유 지를 위한 비용으로, UN아동권리협약 제27조에서 규정하고 있는 아동의 건강한 성장발달을 보장하기 위해 그 안정적인 확보는 중요하다. 그동안 양육비에 대한 이전이 제대로 이루어지지 않은 현실을 개선하기 위해 법과 정책적 변화를 꾀하며, 많은 노력을 기울여왔지만, 여전히 한계에 봉착해 있다. 그 근본적인 원인은 양육비이행관리원의 역할에 따른 적절한 위상 및권한 미부여, 채무불이행에 대한 이행강제 수단의 미흡, 양육비의 사적 이전이 곤란한 상황에 대한 대체수단 부족 등이 존재하기 때문이다. 우선 양육비의 사적 이전이 곤란한 상황에 대한 대체수단으로 양육비대 지급수당을 도입할 필요가 있으며, 대지급수당 도입 이전의 보완책으로 한시적 양육비 긴급지원제도의 지원요건 완화가 필요하다. 둘째, 양육비채무 불이행에 대한 이행강제 수단으로 사법적 제재조치의 강화와 함께 행정적인 제재조치로서 운전면허 정지･취소 및 출국금지조치의 도입을 고려할 필요가 있다. 셋째, 양육비이행관리원의 역할에 따른 적절한 위상 및 권한 부여를 위해 양육비 이행 관련 모니터링 방식을 개선하여 효율성과 정확성을 기하고, 강제조치 수단의 강화에 따른 비양육부모에 대한 법익 침해 가능성을 최소화할 필요가 있다. 마지막으로 양육비를 안정적으로 확보하지 못해 건강한 성장발달권을 침해받고 있는 아동의 권리를 보호함과 동시에 우리사회에서 양육비를 바라보는 인식의 대전환을 꾀하기 위하여 양육비 지급의무가 있는 비양육부모의 양육비 미지급행위를 아동복지법상의 금지 행위로 다루고 연동하여 처벌의 대상이 되도록 구조화하는 법개정이 요구된다. Child support is a basic living expense for children who financially rely solely on their parents and should be stably secured to ensure the healthy growth and development of children as prescribed in Article 27 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Revising laws and policies, the government has made ceaseless efforts to enable child support to be properly transferred but has yet to produce tangible results. This is deemed to be attributed to the following three reasons: 1) failure to give the Child Support Agency appropriate status and authority based on its roles; 2) lack of means to force defaulters to fulfill their duties; and 3) lack of alternative means to deal with circumstances where child support can hardly be transferred privately. First, in case child support can’t be transferred privately, the advance payment of child support should be considered and introduced as an alternative means. At the same time, prior to the introduction thereof, it is necessary to relieve requirements for eligibility to apply for temporary emergency child support. Second, strengthening legal punishment against those who fail to pay child support, the introduction of administrative measures including the suspension/revocation of driver’s licenses and the prohibition of departure should also be taken into account. Third, the Child Support Agency should be given proper status and authority, considering its roles. To this end,how to monitor the payment of child support needs to improve to increase efficiency and accuracy, minimizing the possibility that tougher compulsory measures can infringe on the legal interests of non-custodial parents. Lastly, children whose rights to healthy growth and development are violated due to failure to secure child support in a stable way should be more effectively protected, promoting a paradigm shift in how we should recognize child support. To this end, related laws should be revised to make it mandatory for non-custodial parents to pay child support pursuant to the Child Welfare Act and to subject defaulters to legal punishment.

양육비이행관리원 체계의 문제점과 개선방안

전경근 조선대학교 법학연구원 2023 法學論叢 Vol.30 No.1

Discussions on strengthening the performance of child support began in 2004. This is because the number of single parents who raised minors increased according to the rapid increase of divorce rate at that time. Initially, the Civil Act was amended to make an agreement on child support expenses as an essential procedure in a divorce by agreement, so that an agreement on the burden of child support was reached between divorced couples. However, given that it was not enough to prepare for compulsion of performance, the court can draw up a report on the burden of child support so that it could be enforced immediately. However, considering that it is difficult for single parents to carry out compulsory execution proceedings on their own, an institution was established that could force the implementation of child support. This is a legislative result about the institution of child support performance that was finally made after a decade of discussion in the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family since 2005. However, by placing the Child Support Agency under the Korean Institute for Healthy Family, it has not been able to secure its status as an independent institution. Therefore, as it became difficult for the Child Support Agency to conduct its own duties and proceed with the lawsuit, it caused a problem of delaying the compulsory performance of chil support. In foreign countries, all child support performance institutions are state agencies or administrative agencies, independent institutions, and have the authority to identify the address or property of the child support debtor. However, our Child Support Agency only secures its status as a public institution. In addition, since the work of the Korean Institute for Healthy Family and Child Support Agency are different, it is difficult to organically combine them to perform the work of compulsory child support. Furthermore, in order to accomplish a result regarding instead payment of child support, which is under discussion recently, the Child Support Agency must have appropriate authority to handle the work. The independence and authority of the Child Support Agency should be strengthened as soon as possible.

개정 가사소송법상 양육비 이행확보제도에 관한 一考

정현수 대한변호사협회 2010 人權과 正義 : 大韓辯護士協會誌 Vol.- No.404

Under our civil law and domestic litigation act, there has been a problem of securing or insuring child support enforcement for the children from the divorced family. Therefore, the revised domestic litigation act was enforced on November 9, 2009, along with the revised civil law of December 21, 2007, in order to reduce such problem. It is expected that the problem of insuring the child support enforcement for the children form the divorced family will be improved by the enforcement of the revised domestic litigation act. However, there are still some problems in some areas which shouldn’t be overlooked. Therefore, this study will briefly introduce the essential part of child support enforcement system under the revised domestic litigation act, and then examine what should be studied for the system to be actualized for the best interest of child in the future. In Part 2, the child’s right to be cared and the necessity to secure the child support were examined. In Part 3, the detailed contents of the child support enforcement system under the revised domestic litigation act, such as Property Description-Property Search System, Maintenance Order,Order of Security Payment and Order of lum-sum Payment, were examined. In Part 4, for the future assignment, some expected problems relating this subject were examined in order to conquest the limitation of this system as the existing law. In the future, this child support issue needs to be studied perceiving this is to bring up the nation’s talents for next hundred years and insuring our children’s welfare. 2007. 12. 21. 우리의 개정민법에서는 이혼가정 자녀의 양육환경을 향상시키기 위하여 협의이혼시 자녀의 양육사항 및 친권자 지정에 대한 합의를 의무화한 바 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 우리 법상 여전히 자녀의 양육에 있어 양육비의 지급에 대한 담보 내지 그 이행에 대한 확보방안이 적절하지 않다는 문제점이 남아 있었다. 이러한 문제를 해소하기 위하여 개정 가사소송법에서는 양육비 이행확보제도로서 ‘재산명시ㆍ재산조회’, ‘양육비직접지급명령’, ‘담보제공ㆍ일시금지급명령’제도를 도입하여 2009. 11. 9.부터 시행하고 있다. 금번 개정 가사소송법의 시행으로 그동안 제기되어 왔던 부부의 이혼 시 자녀의 양육비 이행확보문제는 어느 정도 개선될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. 그렇지만 여전히 일부의 사항에서는 간과할 수 없는 문제점이 발견된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 개정법상의 양육비 이행확보제도에 대한 중요 내용을 간략히 소개하고, 나아가 향후 자녀의 최선의 복리를 실현할 수 있는 양육비 이행확보제도로서는 어떠한 문제가 검토의 대상이 될 수 있을 것인지에 관하여 고찰하였다. 향후 자녀의 양육문제는 국가의 백년대계를 이어갈 국가의 인재를 육성한다는 인식하에 자녀의 복리에 대한 보장적 차원에서 접근해 가야할 것이다. 따라서 이후에는 양육비 산정방식의 법정화 그리고 자녀의 양육문제에 대한 국가의 공적 부조차원의 개입을 위한 양육비선급제도의 도입 등은 필수적이라 할 것이다. 이 외에도 이혼에 따른 자녀의 양육비 이행확보문제는 자녀의 복리와 밀접한 관련을 갖는것으로써 사실상 혼인관계에 있는 당사자 사이에 자녀가 있는 경우, 미혼모의 경우, 부모로부터 버림받아 조부모를 포함한 친족이나 제3자가 양육하고 있는 경우 등에도 적용될 수 있도록 부모의 책임과 국가의 개입을 조화시킬 필요성이 있을 것이다.

Introduction to Child Support after Marital Dissolution in Italy

ZIMBARDO MARTA 경북대학교 법학연구원 2012 법학논고 Vol.0 No.39

This paper, presented at the “International Trends on Child Support after Divorce” symposium held at Kyungpook National University Law School (Daegu, South Korea) on 13th-15th January 2012, aims to provide a general overview on child support after marital dissolution in Italy, to those who wish to have a general knowledge about the topic. To allow a more deep understanding of the matter, the first part of the paper deals with a brief introduction to the Italian legal system and family law system. An outline of history of Italian family law is provided as well as a short summary regarding the family in the Constitution and in the Civil Code. The second part concerns the crisis of the family and gives an overview on current conflicts resolution on family affairs, separation and divorce in Italy. In the third section the child support system is explained in more details. According to the Italian system, in the case of separation, divorce or factual separation of natural parents, minors have the right to keep a balanced and continuous relation with both parents, to receive care, formation and education from both, and to keep a significant relation with ascendants and relatives. In order to enable this, the judge decides on the basis of moral and material interests of the child and specifies the amount of time that the child shall spend with each parent, conditions attaching to such periods, and the manner and extent of each parent’s contribution to the child’s maintenance, care, education and training. Each parent, except in cases in which parents have signed an agreement that provides otherwise, supports the children in proportion to his/her income and in order to fulfill the obligation of child support, the judge, if it is necessary, fixes the payment of periodic payments, taking into consideration: the present needs of the child; the standard of living of that the child enjoyed when he or she was living with the parents; the time that the child shall spend with each parent; both parents’ means; the economic value of domestic and care duties fulfilled by each parents. The duty of support terminates when the child reaches both the age of majority and financial independence. In fact, periodic payments are provided also for children who have reached major age but who are not independent economically. The system grants also for several measures to secure the performance of child support that are briefly explained in the last part of section III. The conclusion part deals with the future challenges concerning child support in Italy.

양육비부담조서에 관한 절차법적 검토

김연 한국민사소송법학회 2015 민사소송 Vol.19 No.2

If there are minor children to the couple to divorce, details about custody and fostering of the children must be decided before their divorce. The details must include who will bear the cost of fostering and how much to pay. However, in case of divorce by agreement by previous provision of Korea, not by the judicial process, the parent to foster a child/children after divorce usually experiences economic difficulties because these details used be indefinite or the legal effect was not sufficient. For that reason Civil Code Article 836-2 para. (5) provides that, the parties to divorce should submit the details of child support agreed between parties when applying for the confirmation of intention to divorce with the Family Court and, the Family Court to establish a Support Order after confirming their will. By this provision, the child support obligee of the Order, as a holder of the title of execution, was supposed to be able to make the compulsory execution to the obligor in the worst case. These legal systems are expected to bring the results to facilitate the implementation of child support. In the actual procedural aspects, to review the true significance of the system is the purpose of this paper. In other words, with respect to the child support, the Order for Implementation and, the Order for Direct Payment, the order to provide a considerable security, the order to pay the child support in whole and many methods have provided already in Korea. It is true that the Support Order could guarantee more reliably the effect of these orders, but it does not mean 100 per cent of success. Especially from the point of procedural law, I think, some more consideration for more efficient enforcement is needed.

한국가사소송법에서 본 이혼 시 미성년자녀의 보호

한숙희 한국민사소송법학회 2010 민사소송 Vol.14 No.2

CIVIL ACT, including the recent amendments to KOREA FAMILY LITIGATION ACT to protect minor children upon divorce, new systems were introduced in. To protect children from second marriage, Changing of a child’s previous surname and its origin was established. Standards exercising parental authority was codified and Divorce procedures by agreement was improved. T0 make Child support decree payed easily and quickly from the child’s immediate family, Child support order, Property statement and Property inquiry in the family litigation proceedings, Order for direct payment of child support, Order for offer of security, Lump sum payment and so on were established. We are expecting to not only have a direct impact on national life, but also bring many changes to future procedures for litigation, non-litigation, divorce by agreement practice. 최근 민법과 가사소송법 등 가족법의 개정으로 이혼 시 미성년자녀를 보호하기 위한 새로운 제도들이 도입되었다 . 재혼가정 자녀의 보호 등을 위하여 성과본의 변경제도를 신설하고, 친권행사 기준을 명문화 하였으며, 협의이혼절차를개선하였다. 비양육친으로부터 미성년자녀의 양육비를 쉽고 빠르게 받을 수 있도록 양육비부담조서 가사소송 , 절차 내의 재산명시, 재산조회, 양육비 직접지급명령, 담보제공명령, 일시금지급명령 등이 신설되었다. 앞으로 국민 생활에 직접적인 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라, 향후 가사소송, 가사비송, 협의이혼 실무에 많은변화를 가져올 것으로 예상한다.