Investigation of technical gaps between DEMO blanket and HCCR TBM

Cho, Seungyon,Ahn, Mu-Young,Choi, Ji-Hyun,Chun, Young-Bum,Im, Kihak,Jin, Hyung Gon,Kim, Chang Shuk,Kim, Dongjun,Kim, Suk Kwon,Ku, Duck Young,Lee, Cheol Woo,Lee, Dong Won,Lee, Eo Hwak,Lee, Youngmin,Par Elsevier 2018 Fusion engineering and design Vol.136 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Korea has own programs toward DEMO and fusion reactors that will require further improved DEMO blanket and energy utilization systems. Primary goals of DEMO blanket development in Korea are to develop and verify the integrated blanket design tools; to develop blanket materials, cooling and tritium fuel cycle technologies; and to develop and evaluate fabrication and joining technologies. The concept of helium-cooled ceramic reflector (HCCR) blanket is adopted to be tested in ITER as Test Blanket Module (TBM). Currently, the design and R&D activities are mainly performed through the ITER TBM program in Korea. It is expected to demonstrate the major objectives of the breeding blanket: extraction of heat from burning plasma, tritium self-sufficiency and its integrity within the whole systems considering safety features. Although TBM program will provide very essential data and experience, there will be a considerable technical gap from DEMO blanket. This paper presents the technical gap in the main technical categories of the breeding blanket based on the experience of the development of HCCR TBM and breeding blanket. It is found that still about 60–70% of the DEMO blanket technology can be achieved through the HCCR TBM depending on the technology maturity level, and some ways to DEMO blanket from HCCR TBM are proposed.</P>

쪽 이불의 불면증상에 미치는 효능: 이중맹검, 위약, 무작위 예비연구

권영남,신원철,성민지,조한아,장은주,박광애,박장운,전은진,김은하,이승훈,유희천,하태일 대한수면연구학회 2014 Journal of sleep medicine Vol.11 No.1

Objective: Because 30~50% of general population could experience the transient insomnia symptoms, it is needed that easily accessible and comfort methods to improve the sleep quality. To assess the effect of indigo blanket on sleep promotion, we conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Methods: Thirty subjects were recruited in this study and were randomly divided into two groups, indigo blanket and placebo blanket group. The subjects went to sleep with indigo or placebo blanket for one week. All subjects were asked to complete the sleep questionnaires (insomnia severity index, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, WHO 5 Well-being Index) and to record the sleep diary before and after they use the blanket. The effect of indigo blanket was evaluated by estimation of improvement of sleep quality and sleep satisfaction after they use the blanket based on the sleep diary and sleep questionnaires. Results: Estimated total sleep time (268 min vs 318 min) was increased in indigo blanket group (p<0.05). Estimated sleep latency and sleep efficacy, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, WHO-5 index, and insomnia severity index scores were not different among two groups Conclusion: This pilot study suggests that the indigo blanket could have sleep promoting property and may warrant further research about effects of indigo blanket on sleep quality.

Feasibility study of fusion breeding blanket concept employing graphite reflector

Cho, Seungyon,Ahn, Mu-Young,Lee, Cheol Woo,Kim, Eung Seon,Park, Yi-Hyun,Lee, Youngmin,Lee, Dong Won Elsevier 2015 Fusion engineering and design Vol.98 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>To obtain high tritium breeding performance with limited blanket thickness, most of solid breeder blanket concepts employ a combination of lithium ceramic as a breeder and beryllium as a multiplier. In this case, considering that huge amount of beryllium are needed in fusion power plants, its handling difficulty and cost can be a major factor to be accounted for commercial use. Korea has proposed a Helium-Cooled Ceramic Reflector (HCCR) breeding blanket concept relevant to fusion power plants. Here, graphite is used as a reflector material by reducing the amount of beryllium multiplier. Its feasibility has been investigated in view point of the nuclear performance as well as material-related issues. In this paper, a nuclear analysis is performed under the fusion reactor condition to address the feasibility of graphite reflector in breeding blanket, considering tritium breeding capability and neutron shielding and activation aspects. Also, the chemical stability of the graphite is investigated considering the chemical stability under accident conditions, resulting in that the adaptation of graphite reflector in breeding blanket is intrinsically safe and plausible under fusion reactor condition.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A Helium-Cooled Ceramic Reflector (HCCR) breeding blanket concept adopts graphite as a reflector material by reducing the amount of beryllium multiplier. </LI> <LI> Its feasibility was investigated in view point of the nuclear performance as well as material-related issues. </LI> <LI> A nuclear analysis is performed under the fusion reactor condition to address the feasibility of graphite reflector in breeding blanket. </LI> <LI> Also, the chemical stability of the graphite is investigated considering the chemical stability under accident conditions. </LI> <LI> In conclusion, the adaptation of graphite reflector in breeding blanket is intrinsically safe and plausible under fusion reactor condition. </LI> </UL> </P>

19세기 말~20세기 초 신부 가마덮개의특성과 양식 변천

박윤미,오준석 국립문화재연구원 2023 헤리티지:역사와 과학 Vol.56 No.2

In the late Joseon Dynasty, when the bride would ride a palanquin when she went to live with her in-laws, it was a custom to cover the palanquin with tiger skin to ward off misfortunes that may come her way. The higher classes used tiger skin or leopard skin for this purpose, but the common people had to substitute this expensive item with a tiger pattern painted on a blanket. Such blankets were called hotanja, hogu, hoguyok and the like. The term “hotanja” is a pure Korean word. It is not known when the cover for the bridal palanquin was first used, but it was popular from the end of the 19th century and then gradually disappeared. This is due to the introduction of new Western style weddings that eliminated the need for a bridal palanquin. The tiger print blanket was used not only to cover the bride’s palanquin but also to cover a table or floor during the wedding ceremony. This study ran a material analysis on nine pieces of tiger print blankets. All of the blanket artifacts examined in this study had an outer cover and a lining made of fabric that used cotton thread for the warp and wool thread for the weft. Two kinds of wool were found in the weft thread in the outer covers: fat-tailed sheep hair from China and goat hair for carpets from the Hebei province, China. Records show that “blankets with painted tiger patterns” were imported from Russia, and the imported blankets were from Russia and China. The outer cover can be categorized into six types, and the lining into three types depending on the weave and direction of the thread twist. The hem facing can be divided into four types. The lining and outer cover use the full width of the fabric, which was woven in wide widths of 135 cm or wider. The tiger pattern on the blanket was made by stenciling. The stencil design of the body and tail of the tiger were placed on a red blanket to be painted in white, and then the background color of the tiger, which is yellow, would be painted over the white, and then black stripes would be added. The pattern of the tiger varies, which shows that the blankets were made by various craftspeople. The pattern of the tiger print blanket is usually of a tiger lying down, but there were tiger print blankets with a tiger standing up. The pattern of the tiger grew smaller over time, and flower patterns were added in the background. Decorative elements were gradually added to the tiger print blanket patterns, but its function as a palanquin cover became lost. By taking the features of tiger print blankets into consideration, it can be assumed that there are imported pieces among the remaining pieces, and were produced in various places because it was popular at that time.

Effect of Balustrade Heights and Blanket Types on Mechanism of Falling Accident during Shaking-Off the Dust of the Blanket from Balcony

Hyun, Seunghyun,Ryew, Checheong The Institute of Internet 2020 International journal of advanced smart convergenc Vol.9 No.2

The shaking-off the dust from balustrade of higher stories may cause the higher risk of falling accident rate. Main purpose of this study was to quantify an effect of balustrade heights and blanket types on possibility of falling accident relative to one's motor controllability during shaking-off the dust of the blanket from balcony. Female participants, who consisted of total 10 under condition of balustrade height of 3 kinds (90 cm, 110 cm, 130 cm) and blanket types (0.4 kg, 1.6 kg, 3 kg, 200^⁎230 cm), performed repetitively the task of shaking-off the dust of the blanket. Vertical position and velocity of center of mass due to increase of blanket weigh in case of balustrade height of 90 cm was increased, but vertical ground reaction force was decreased swiftly. That is, the higher balustrade height was, the less distance difference between center of mass and center of pressure was.

An intelligent optimization method for the HCSB blanket based on an improved multi-objective NSGA-III algorithm and an adaptive BP neural network

Zhou Wen,Sun Guomin,Miwa Shuichiro,Yang Zihui,Li Zhuang,Zhang Di,Wang Jianye 한국원자력학회 2023 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.55 No.9

To improve the performance of blanket: maximizing the tritium breeding rate (TBR) for tritium selfsufficiency, and minimizing the Dose of backplate for radiation protection, most previous studies are based on manual corrections to adjust the blanket structure to achieve optimization design, but it is difficult to find an optimal structure and tends to be trapped by local optimizations as it involves multiphysics field design, which is also inefficient and time-consuming process. The artificial intelligence (AI) maybe is a potential method for the optimization design of the blanket. So, this paper aims to develop an intelligent optimization method based on an improved multi-objective NSGA-III algorithm and an adaptive BP neural network to solve these problems mentioned above. This method has been applied on optimizing the radial arrangement of a conceptual design of CFETR HCSB blanket. Finally, a series of optimal radial arrangements are obtained under the constraints that the temperature of each component of the blanket does not exceed the limit and the radial length remains unchanged, the efficiency of the blanket optimization design is significantly improved. This study will provide a clue and inspiration for the application of artificial intelligence technology in the optimization design of blanket.

Effect of Balustrade Heights and Blanket Types on Mechanism of Falling Accident during Shaking-Off the Dust of the Blanket from Balcony

Seunghyun Hyun,Checheong Ryew 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2020 Journal of Advanced Smart Convergence Vol.9 No.2

The shaking-off the dust from balustrade of higher stories may cause the higher risk of falling accident rate. Main purpose of this study was to quantify an effect of balustrade heights and blanket types on possibility of falling accident relative to one’s motor controllability during shaking-off the dust of the blanket from balcony. Female participants, who consisted of total 10 under condition of balustrade height of 3 kinds (90 cm, 110 cm, 130 cm) and blanket types (0.4 kg, 1.6 kg, 3 kg, 200*230 cm), performed repetitively the task of shaking-off the dust of the blanket. Vertical position and velocity of center of mass due to increase of blanket weigh in case of balustrade height of 90 cm was increased, but vertical ground reaction force was decreased swiftly. That is, the higher balustrade height was, the less distance difference between center of mass and center of pressure was.

입법 방식 중 일괄개정 방식의 타당성 검토- 약칭 「지방일괄이양법」의 논의를 중심으로 -

박성진 한국입법학회 2019 입법학연구 Vol.16 No.1

The Korean government submitted 「the Act of blanket-handover to local autonomy」 on October 26, 2018. This bill was proposed in the form of a enactment of an Act, but the contents of the Act is the same as the majority of the amendment bill. In the Korean constitutional history, this type of Act had been submited 17 times in the 9th National Assembly, the Legislative Assembly Secretariat for National Security and the 15th National Assembly. Among these, 1 was passed by original bill, 4 by revised bill, and 11 by abolition bill. With respect to the blanket-revised method bill, since 1998 the National Assembly have been reject that type of bill. And even if the government submits it, the committee has established a precedent in which it is divided into the form of revised legislation for each individual bill. The blanket-revised method is that the overall policy objectives can be pursued in a uniform manner and that it can be handled relatively quickly. But it has four disadvantages at least. Because of the disadvantages, there are three alternatives. From this point of view, The 「the Act of blanket-handover to local autonomy」 that is currently submitted to the 20th National Assembly is likely to cause many side effects due to the problem of legal form. 정부는 2018년 10월 26일 「중앙행정권한 및 사무 등의 지방 일괄 이양을 위한 물가안정에 관한 법률 등 66개 법률 일부개정을 위한 법률안」을 제출하였는데 이 법률안은 대다수의 개정 법률안과 그 실질은 같으나 형식상으로는 제정 법률안인 일괄개정 법률안이라는 방식으로 제안되었다. 일괄개정 방식의 법률안은 우리 헌정사에서 제9대 국회부터, 국가보위입법회의, 제15대 국회까지 16건이 정부 제출안으로 제안된 바 있으며, 현재 20대 국회에 제출되어 있는 「지방일괄이양법」을 포함하면 모두 17건이 된다. 이 중 원안가결 1건, 수정가결은 4건, 원안과 대동소이한 대안이 반영된 대안반영폐기 1건, 원안과 달리 각각의 개정안으로 대안이 제시된 대안반영폐기 3건, 임기만료폐기 등 일반 폐기 법안 7건이 있었으며, 지방일괄이양법은 현재 심사 중에 있다. 일괄개정 방식의 법률안과 관련하여 국회는 98년 이후 일괄개정 방식의 법률안은 우리의 입법 환경과 맞지 않아 접수하지 않고, 정부가 제출 하더라도 위원회에서 각각의 개별 법률안에 대한 개정 법률안의 형태로 나누어 심사하는 선례를 확립해 왔다. 일괄개정 방식의 법률안은 전체 정책적 목표를 통일성있게 추진할 수 있다는 점과 비교적 신속하게 처리가 가능하다는 점에서 장점이 있다고 할 수 있으나, 상임위 소관주의를 위배하여 전문성 없는 심사가 이루어질 가능성과 일괄개정 방식의 법률안 자체적으로 발생하는 제・개정 등에 관한 논리적 모순이 발생할 가능성, 졸속심사 논란이 발생할 가능성, 일괄개정 방식이 논란이 있는 법안을 쉽게 처리하기 위한 정치적 도구화가 될 수 있다는 가능성 등의 단점 또한 존재한다고 할 수 있다. 이러한 일괄개정 방식의 법률안에 대한 대안으로는, 관련 개정 법률안을 모두 모아 처리하는 특별위원회를 설치하는 방법, 국회 연석회의제도를 활성화하는 방법, 각각 개정 법률안들의 통일성을 기하기 위한 다른 위원회의 가결을 전제로 법안을 처리하는 방안의 활성화 등이 제시될 수 있다. 이러한 관점에서 보았을 때, 현재 제20대 국회에 제출되어 있는 「지방일괄이양법」은 단순히 표현을 일괄 수정하는 것이 아닌, 조문 하나하나가 각각 쟁점화 될 수 있는 내용임에도 불구하고 일괄하여 처리하게 됨으로 인한 많은 부작용이 발생할 우려가 있다. 해외의 사례인 일본과 프랑스, 독일의 사례가 각각 그 나라의 정치제도 및 환경이 우리와 다르다는 점을 고려할 때 우리에게 그대로 적용하기는 어려우며, 더욱이 일괄개정 방식의 법률안의 발의 요건, 처리 절차 등도 규정되어 있지 않은 현재 우리의 입법 현실을 고려하면 일괄개정 방식의 법률안이 아닌 각각의 개정 법률안을 제출하는 방식으로 제출하는 것이 우리 입법 환경에 맞는 절차적 정당성을 확보할 수 있는 방안이라고 할 것이다.

2P-270 Fabrication of well-dispersed aerogel blanket by ambient drying method

송봉관,홍창국 한국공업화학회 2017 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2017 No.1

Silica aerogel is a nanostructured-porous materials with high surface area, high porosity. Due to this properties, it has a number of applications such as thermal insulator, acoustic absorbent, catalytic supports. However, silica aerogel generally have poor mechanical property and stability owing to its structure. Fiber-reinforced aerogel blanket is one of the most famous method to make aerogel composites. But this preparation method has poor dispersion of aerogel in the blanket. To improve the dispersity of aerogel in blanket, non-woven fiber and surface modified silica aerogel was dispersed in solution. Dispersity of aerogel in blanket, scanning electron microscope images was employed.

Effect of LiOT on the Tritium Inventory of $Li_{2}O$ Fusion Blanket Breeder Material

Cho S.,Abdou M.A. Korean Nuclear Society 2003 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.35 No.6

Tritium behavior in the solid breeder blanket is one of the key factors in determining tritium self-sufficiency, as well as safety, of fusion reactors. Recently, a model has been developed to describe the tritium behavior in solid breeder material, which can predict the tritium release and inventory in the blanket. However, the model has limitation to account for tritium solubility effects, mainly existing as LiOT, especially inside the $Li_{2}O$ solid breeder. In order to improve the capability of predicting the LiOT precipitation in $Li_{2}O$ solid breeder, a new logic is developed and integrated in the existing tritium release and inventory calculation code. With the logic developed in this work, the code can have capabilities to analyze tritium release and inventories in $Li_{2}O$ under steady and transient conditions. It can be found that tritium inventory as LiOT is an important mechanism under pulsed operation, and the amount of inventory becomes higher as the tritium generation rate increases and the temperature decreases. Also, the temperature limits for the generation of LiOT precipitation are determined. Therefore the developed logic helps understand the tritium transport mechanism in $Li_{2}O$ solid breeder.