한국 야구의 영역별 발전을 위한 탐색적 분석

박형길,권순용 한국체육정책학회 2015 한국체육정책학회지 Vol.13 No.4

The purpose of this study is to determine the status of the country's baseball culture and to explore ways of developing baseball in Korea. Such the development plan will not be limited to baseball event, it will be applied to a variety of events. First, we must expand the social safety net of a professional baseball player and try to activate the baseball. We should strengthening social adaptation programs of baseball players and enlarging welfare of baseball players through cooperative society. And through the recruitment of the Asian baseball players it should expand the baseball market. Second, we must offer customized education to students and strengthen sports ethics training to baseball player. And video determination system should be introduced. Third, the government should strive to enable the community baseball club and to establish a referee qualification system. We need a way to connect the pro-baseball teams with the community baseball clubs.

야구지도자 진로현황 및 진로개발 연구

이용식,이익주 한국체육정책학회 2011 한국체육정책학회지 Vol.9 No.2

The purpose of this research is to analyze actual conditions of baseball coaches' career path and their requirement for suggesting their career development. In order to realize the career path of baseball coaches and their requirements for their career development we did a survey of forty nine baseball coaches with help of Korea Baseball Organization (KBO) and Korea Baseball Association (KBA). The results are followings:First, most respondents have been a baseball player for more than 20 years. They think that the success as a baseball player has a critical effect on becoming a baseball coach because professional baseball teams prefer to hire a previous star player. Second, most respondents in this research became a professional baseball team's coach after retirement as a player and do not want to quit their jobs. Since they well know baseball related jobs, it seems that they are very interested in their career path and it needs to increase the aid of career and baseball related jobs through career education. Third, the reason why they choose their jobs is that they can receive professional recognition of skills and experience. Their first requirements for developing their career is coaching education and training in developed countries in terms of baseball. They think that the role of the government and related organizations is to increase baseball related jobs, establish a career center for baseball coaches, and strengthen career education. As a result, the ways for baseball coaches' career development are 1) to extend a baseball coaching sector, 2) execute career education and retraining and 3) link the external environment with baseball.

생활체육야구 동호인들이 체감하는 스크린야구 실재감이 운동몰입 및 운동지속에 미치는 영향

장세진,문병희,배상우 한국스포츠학회 2018 한국스포츠학회지 Vol.16 No.4

Baseball is one of professional sports in Korea, and people can enjoy playing baseball indoor by screen baseball from 2015 because of the development of field of baseball. Just like screen golf, people can develop their skills and technique, therefore following research is to analyze how screen baseball is different by life sports baseball on focusing and maintenance of playing baseball. We analyze 250 baseball players, who play screen baseball continuously in Seoul and Sejong. First, the actual sense factor of screen baseball is divided into two sub-factor: environment reality factor and paricipative reallity factor. Second, the factor of exercise commitment was divided into two factors, cognitive commitment factor and behavioral commitment factor. Lastly, the factor of continuity of exercise was divided into three factors of tendency, possibility, and strengthening. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing exercise commitment and exercise persistence among the sub - factors of the actual sense factor of screen baseball. This will develop the screen baseball’s growth instead of the time consuming baseball, and will help the screen baseball to be one of the sports for daily life. 야구는 대한민국의 대표적인 프로 스포츠 중 하나이며 야구 경기가 발전하여 2015년부터는 실내에서 스크린 야구를 즐길 수 있게 되었다. 스크린 골프와 마찬가지로 사람들은 자신의 기술을 개발할 수 있을 것이다. 따라서 야구 경기의 집중과 유지에 대해서 생활 스포츠 야구와 스크린 야구의 차이점에 대해 분석할 필요가 있다. 우리는 서울과 세종에서 스크린 야구를 계속하는 250명의 야구 선수들을 분석에 활용하였다. 첫째, 스크린 야구의 실제 감각 인자는 환경 현실 요인과 예측적 재평가 요인의 두 가지 하위 요인으로 나누어진다. 둘째, 운동 참여의 요인은 두 가지 요인, 즉 인지적 고착 요인과 행동적 참여 요인으로 나누어진다. 마지막으로 운동 지속성의 요인은 경향성, 가능성, 강화의 3가지 요인으로 나누어진다. 본 연구의 목적은 스크린 야구의 실제 감각 요소의 하위 요소들 사이에서 운동 수행과 운동 지속성에 영향을 미치는 요인을 조사하는 것이다. 이는 많은 시간을 요구하는 야구 대신 스크린 야구의 성장, 그리고 일상생활을 위한 스포츠 분야로 자리매김하는 데 조금 도움이 될 것입니다.

야구 명예 전당의 효율적 운영을 위한 정책 제언

구수용,윤양진,전용배 한국체육정책학회 2016 한국체육정책학회지 Vol.14 No.3

The purpose of this study is to provide policy proposals for the effective management of baseball halls of fame and to achieve this, it observed the management status of the regulations, facilities, and businesses of baseball halls of fame in America and Japan through literary research, or in other words, through cases, theses, policy reports, and articles to provide base material for the effective management of a baseball hall of fame that suits the circumstances of Korea. First, a baseball hall of fame must be operated as a place of historical value. All historical records associated with baseball in that country must exist in its hall of fame. Second, authoritative awards ceremonies must be held. Golden Glove awards ceremonies should be held in the hall of fame so that players can know the great achievements of their predecessors and the course of baseball. Third, they must provide a space of enjoyment. Enjoyment and fun must be provided to spectators who visit the hall of fame or to those who want to visit. Fourth, off-season training and baseball tournaments must be actively held. Because facility infrastructures such as baseball fields, little league baseball fields, softball fields, and indoor practice fields are constructed inside halls of fame, baseball tournaments for members of society, baseball tournaments for middle school, high school, and university students, and youth baseball tournaments should be held for the use of its facilities and for promotion. Fifth, professional manpower must be placed to provide one-stop service through the unification of an operating system. Sixth, it is necessary to integrate baseball-related companies in order to advance the baseball industry.

한국 야구 관람문화 변천에 대한 시론적 연구

이주연,이예원 한국스포츠사회학회 2011 한국스포츠사회학회지 Vol.24 No.2

The purpose of this study was to explore how the baseball spectators' culture has changed since 1970s; and in doing so, this preliminary study aimed to develop a theoretical framework to explain the relationship between the spectators' leisure culture and the society's economic, political, and sociocultural environments. This study employed three qualitative research methods. First, this study conducted the content analysis on books, news articles, pictures, and documentary films addressed the Korean baseball spectators. Second, we conducted in-depth interviews with eight stadium visitors and two professional staff members related to baseball organizations. Lastly, we used participant observation by visiting the baseball stadium several times during the 2010 season. The findings showed that the change of the Korean baseball spectators' culture could have gone through five stages. First, the 1970s can be called 'the glory days of high school baseball.' The second stage is the initial days of the professional baseball in 1980s. The third stage is the first glory days of the professional baseball from 1990 until 1995, and the forth stage is the downturn of the professional baseball from 1996-2005. The last stage is called the renaissance of the professional baseball from 2006 until now. Each stage showed unique cultural characteristics including spectators' social and demographic background, the way of cheering, and the way of interaction between the baseball team and the spectators. Furthermore, the study results showed that the unique culture of each stage is related to the society's political, economic, and sociocultural environments. Based on the findings, this study developed a theoretical framework to explain the relationship between sport spectators' culture and social structure including economic, political, and cultural environments. 이 연구는 현대인의 대표적 여가 활동으로 볼 수 있는 스포츠 관람에서 관중 규모가 가장 큰 야구의 관람문화가 1970년대부터 지금까지 어떻게 변화해 왔는지 살펴봄으로써 개인의 여가 활동(스포츠 관람)과 그 사회의 정치적, 경제적 및 문화적 환경간의 관계를 설명하는 이론적 틀을 모색하는 데에 있다. 연구 방법으로 먼저 야구 관람문화에 대한 저서, 신문기사, 사진 및 동영상 자료에 대한 내용분석과 함께 야구 관람자 8명과 야구 전문가 2명에 대한 심층면접과 야구 경기 참여관찰을 3회 실시하였다. 조사 결과 야구 관람자들 및 전문가들은 1970년대 이후 야구 관람 문화 변천을 크게 5단계로 나누어 인식하고 있었다. 먼저, 고교야구 전성기(1970년대), 프로야구 정착기(1980년대), 프로야구 제1전성기(1990-1995), 프로야구 침체기(1996-2005), 프로야구 제2전성기(2006-현재)로 볼 수 있다. 각 단계를 구분하는 야구 관람문화의 특징을 구성하는 요소는 관중들의 사회인구학적 특성과 동반자 형태, 응원 방식 및 구단과 관람자간의 상호교류 방식으로 나타났다. 또한 야구 관람자들은 각 시기별로 변화하는 야구 관람문화가 당시 사회의 정치적, 경제적 및 문화적 환경과 서로 영향을 주고받으며 형성되고 있다고 인식하였다. 연구 결과를 토대로 스포츠 관람문화와 당시 사회 구조간의 관련성을 설명하는 이론적 틀을 제시하였다.

Exploring Baseball Spectators’ Perceptions of Robot Umpires Through Social Community Text Analysis

최선영,조항정 한국경영정보학회 2023 한국경영정보학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2023 No.11

According to Plunkett Research (2018), the global sports industry’s estimated size is 1.3trillion. Sports attract significant attention from spectators, so sports officials hold a crucial responsibility of accurately and fairly overseeing high-level sports competitions (Mascarenhas, Collins, & Mortimer, 2005). However, it’s common to witness mistakes made by umpires during games. For instance, when examining data from baseball games in the 2018 season, an average of 14 incorrect calls were made by human umpires per game (Hille, 2019). In the realm of baseball, there are ongoing trials of robot umpires in lower leagues with the aim of replacing human umpires who make incorrect judgments in strike/ball decision. In 2019, the Atlantic League in the United States became the pioneer to implement the usage of robot umpires by implementing a trackman system to determine strike/ball decisions. Major League Baseball (MLB) is also contemplating the adoption of robot umpires in the near future. However, while robot umpires are in the near future for baseball, there is a lack of research regarding the opinions of spectators on this matter. Therefore, this research would explore the sentiments and perspectives of baseball spectators concerning the introduction of robot umpires. Past research on how baseball spectators perceptions of baseball robot umpires has been survey-based one, focusing on aspects like trust in umpires, enjoyments and the behavioral outcomes (Wonseok, J., Woo,K. Y.,& Yeonheung, K., 2021). The objective of this study is to undertake a comprehensive analysis of social data through posts and comments made by real baseball spectators about their opinions on robot umpires. Social media platforms, which include online baseball communities, have gained popularity as valuable resources to exchange social support with others (Cutrona&Suhr, 1994; Fox&Duggan, 2013; Gray, Fitch, Davis, & Phillips, 1997). People who share common interests can utilize social networking sites to engage with other social media users to learn the practices easily and quickly without geographical constraints (Gilbert, 2016; Wang et al., 2021). Baseball spectators also share their opinions on robot umpires with others within social online communities. Therefore, this research aims to explore the following research question: What are the primary topics of discussion regarding robot umpires in baseball expressed on the social communities? While robot umpires have not yet been introduced in Major League Baseball games, they are currently undergoing pilot phases in lower leagues, providing baseball spectators with a glimpse of what the future implementation might hold. Spectators’ perception of robot umpires could evolve as spectators witness their use in these lower leagues and as they anticipate their introduction to the higher leagues. In other words, their expectations of robot umpires may shift, leading to the emergence of new opinions, and online community’s response might also vary over time. Therefore, this research suggests the following research questions: How does the baseball community’s reaction to robot umpires change over time? This research would derive social community data from Reddit (http://www.reddit.com), a widely used platform for social networking and online discussion. In 2015, Reddit users actively engaged in more than 88,000 subreddits (i.e., topically specialized sub-communities) and generated 83 billion-page views (Reddit, 2015). Among these subreddit, this research would crawl content data related to robot umpires from two baseball-related subreddits (r/baseball and r./MLB). This study would gather data including the post or comment, title. author’s identification, timestamp. These relevant data would be collected from 2018, before the implementation of robot umpires in the Atlantic League, up to 2023. Social analytics, encompassing text-mining and sentiment analysis, would be used to analyze social big data derived from social media content about the public’s perception of robot umpires. This research would extract useful keywords and analyze their frequency based on natural language processing and morphological analysis techniques. Additionally, through sentiment analysis, this research aims to identify public opinions expressed in the documents categorizing them as positive or negative emotions. Furthermore, this research would track the changes in the frequency of positive and negative keywords related to robot umpires. This study anticipates that keyword analysis through text mining would suggest words associated with expectations and concerns regarding the implementation of robot umpires, frustration with human umpire errors, and calls for faster adoption. Furthermore, this research predict that spectator’s perception of robot umpires would be predominantly positive, with positive sentiment outweighing negative ones. Nevertheless, following the introduction of robot umpires in the lower leagues, this research expects that there would be some increase in negative sentiment due to apprehensions and concerns about the technical aspects. By this research, the result could significantly influence the adoption of robot umpires in big leagues such as MLB. By delving into the perceptions of baseball fans, this research would contribute to provide valuable insights that have the potential to impact the decision-making process for those considering the replacement of human umpires with robot umpires. Moreover, this study would contribute to the understanding of how the introduction of innovative technologies in sports affect emotions within the social communities.

체육사 : 한국의 야구 도입설에 관한 연구

손환(SonHwan),김재우(KimJaeU) 한국체육학회 2003 한국체육학회지 Vol.42 No.5

This study identifies the various views on the baseball introduction in Korea as examining the existing studies. For this purpose, this study breaks down the views on the baseball introduction into view on the introduction in 1904, view on the introduction in 1905 and view on the introduction in 1907 found out the conclusions as follows.In Korea, since Na Hyung-Seong insisted the introduction of baseball in 1905, diverse studies quoted his opinion. Then, the view on the introduction of baseball in 1905 was the established theory. However, as examiningthe actual bases, Na Hyung-Seong quoted "history of Chosun Baseball" of Osima, but it was considered that on year was added(the 37th year of Meiji period=1904) during translation. And the view on the introduction in 1904 was appeared in "History of Chosun Baseball" written by Lee Gil-Yong, which was considered to be the first record on the Korean baseball history two years prior to Osima.Therefore, the baseball was firstly introduction for YMCA members in Korea by Phillip L. Gillett, the American missionary in 1904 in accordance with the examination up to now. However, to clarify the view on the baseball introduction in Korea, it is necessary to examine Gillett who introduced the baseball and exploit the data related to baseball activities among foreigners in Busan and Incheon opened from the end of 19th century, It will be the subject for the future studies.

엘리트 야구선수의 은퇴 후 사회인 야구 참여 과정과 의미

이호중,이근모,임새미 한국융합과학회 2024 한국융합과학회지 Vol.13 No.3

연구목적 본 연구는 엘리트 야구선수 출신들이 은퇴 후 동호회 사회인 야구리그에 참여하게 되는과정과 그 의미를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해는 은퇴선수들이 사회인 야구동호회에 참가하고 리그에 소속되어, 또 다른 제2의 야구 인생을 경험하며 얻게 되는 경험을 살펴보고다양한 참여 경험에 따른 의미를 살펴보았다. 연구방법 문화기술지를 사용하여 심층 면담을 진행하였으며, 연구 참여자는 총 11명이다. 결과 첫째, 은퇴 야구선수의 사회인 야구동호회 참여 과정은 1. 입단기 신체적·정신적 건강 유지를 위한 시작, 2. 활동기 은퇴선수의 사회자본 형성과 제한된 인간관계로부터 탈피, 3. 적응기 다시 만난 야구, 4. 성찰기 인정받는 즐거움으로 나타났다. 둘쩨, 은퇴 야구선수의 사회인 야구 참여에 따른 의미는 1. 사회인리그에서 선수 출신의 역할 : 생활체육의 바람직한선순환 구조, 2. 야구라는 스포츠의 향유 : 야구 잘하는 선출 VS 인성 좋은 선출, 3. 엘리트 문화의재현 : 성적과 입상에 대한 욕심으로 나타났다. 결론 본 연구는 은퇴 야구선수들이 동호회 사회인야구리그에 참여하는 과정과 의미를 살펴보았으며, 후속 연구에서는 은퇴 야구선수들의 관점이 아닌사회인 야구팀 내 관점에서 살펴볼 필요가 있으며, 은퇴 야구선수들이 생활체육 내에서 할 수 있는역할이 다양한 만큼 선순환 구조를 만들기 위한 노력에 대해 살펴볼 필요가 있다. Purpose The research delved into the process and significance of retired baseball player’sinvolvement in a baseball league within a club society. The subsequent follow-up studyunderscores the importance of shifting the focus fron the perspective of retired baseball playersto that of the social baseball team. Examining efforts to establish a virtuous circle becomesimperative, considering the diverse roles that retired baseball players can fulfill in the contextof everyday sports. Methods The study employed an in-depth interview methodology utilizinga cultural technology journal, with 11 participants contributing to the research. Results Firstly,the participation process of retired baseball players in a social baseball club unfolds via severalstages: 1. Initiation Stage: Marks the beginning, focusing on maintaining physical and mentalwell-being. 2. Active Stage: Involves the formation of social capital for retired players andbreaking free from limited human connections. 3. Adaptation Stage: Represents a rediscoveryof baseball during a period of adjustment. 4. Reflective Stage: Culminates in the joy of beingrecognized and acknowledged, deriving pleasure from the experience. Secondly, the meaning ofretired baseball player’s participation in social baseball can be understood as follows: 1. Roleof Former Players in Social Leagues : Contributing to the desirable cyclical structure ofrecreational sports in society, fostering a positive interplay between amateur sports and daily life. 2. Enjoyment of Baseball as a Sport : Highlighting the contrast between selecting players basedon skill and those chosen for their exemplary character, showcasing the multifaceted nature ofthe sport. 3. Reproduction of Elite Culture : Appearing from a desire for achievement andrecognition via performance and awards. Conclusion indicating a persistent aspiration foroutstanding within the context of social baseball.

독립 야구 선수들의 재사회화와 탈사회화 과정

심재령,민경현,최영래 한국사회체육학회 2020 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.79

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the process for re-soiaclization and desocialization of independent baseball players. Method: Participants of this study consisted of 10 twenty year-old inedpendent baseball players who are currently preparing to re-enter professional baseball teams from independent baseball teams. They were selected using snowball sampling, one of the non-probability sampling techniques. The study was conducted for five months from June 10 to November 11, 2017. The researchers used cultural and technological research methods that summarized their knowledge, values, and skills obtained through participatory observation in the groups to which the research participants belong. Results: As a result of the study, participants started independent basbeall with the help of leaders, co-l leagues and family members. In addition, as an independent baseball player, participants had conflicts with colleagues, independent baseball team staff, and league staff.M ost research participants were preparing to become professional baseball players like other independent baseball player. However, there were other players already selected for the professional baseball team. Alsom, ost of the independent baseball players were disappointed because of their unfaithful staff, and quit baseball. They once again experienced desocialization in baseball. Only one independent baseball player continued to challenge for re-entry. Conclusion: Among 10 participants, 9 experienced desocialization in baseblal. Only one independent baseball player continued to challenge for re-entry. Further study on the reason why the pro team and staff do not offer the opportunities to independent baseball players is proposed. Also the awareness of independent baseball and additional study on realistic preparation plan for those who failed to enter the pro team is needed.

한국프로야구의 산파, 이용일의 삶

조준호 한국체육사학회 2018 체육사학회지 Vol.23 No.1

This study has paid attention to Lee Yong Il who was a baseball player, businessman and an administrator and founded the base of Korean professional baseball. The purpose of this study is to trace his steps in the history of baseball by illuminating his life. The followings are the results of the study. First, Lee Yong Il started baseball due to Yoo Bok Ryong, a national representative baseball player. He played baseball in the College of Commerce in Seoul National University and the Army Baseball Team. Second, after discharging from the army as a major he planned to activate baseball in Gunsan as being appointed as a Director take over as an army general and to become Kang Sung-gum as Vice President and activate Gunsan baseball. He founded the baseball town Gunsan by establishing the baseball teams in a pyramid structure such as 4 elementary schools, 2 middle schools and 1 high school. Third, when he came to Seoul he integrated baseball associations which were scattered as a baseball administrator and searched for the possibility of professional baseball league through Baseball Festival. Finally, he is the accomplice and the midwife who prepared and designed the professional baseball league establishment proposal and put the Korean professional baseball on the steady rock serving for KBO as general secretary for 9 years. 본 연구는 야구선수이자 기업가이며 행정가로, 한국프로야구의 기초를 세운 ‘이용일’에 주목하였다. 연구 목적은 그의 삶을 조명하여 그의 야구사적 발자취를 살펴보고자 했다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 이용일은 국가대표 출신인 유복룡으로 인해 야구에 입문했으며 서울대상대 야구부, 육군야구단을 통해 선수생활을 하였다. 둘째, 이용일은 육군 소령 예편 후 경성고무 상무로 취임하여 군산야구 활성화를 계획한다. 그는 국민학교 4곳, 중학교 2곳, 고등학교 1곳의 피라미드 구조로 야구부를 창설시켜 야구도시 군산을 세웠다. 셋째, 중앙으로 진출한 그는 야구행정가로서 분리되어 있던 야구협회를하나로 통합시켰고 야구대제전을 통해 프로야구의 가능성을 모색한다. 마지막으로 그는 프로야구창립계획서를 작성하여설계하였고 초대 KBO사무총장을 9년간 재직하며 한국프로야구를 반석위에 올린 공로자이자 산파(産婆)다.