Economic Analysis on Rural-urban Coordinated Development in Western China

Tao CHEN 한국도시행정학회 2013 한국도시행정학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.9

Western China is comparatively underdeveloped. At the beginning of the new century, China started implementing the strategy of Developing Western China to achieve a balanced regional growth. In the past decade, this region has witnessed remarkable social and economic progress. However, due to historical and geographical reasons, Western China still lags behind in social-economic development. Meanwhile, the rural-urban development discrepancy in western region is growing all the more noticeable than that in developed regions. In this context, this paper will be dedicated to the study of rural-urban coordinated development and its underlying economic mechanism. It first reviews the theoretical basis for rural-urban coordinated development, diachronically explores China and its western region"s social-economic development and the status quo, empirically testifies the rural-urban dichotomy and to what extent rural-urban developments is coordinated. On that basis, it proposes near-term and long-term development targets.

An empirical study of urbanization effect on national income of the world with focusing China mainland

심종범 부산대학교 중국연구소 2017 Journal of China Studies Vol.20 No.3

This research on the correlation between urbanization rates and national incomes among the countries provide evidences for the effectiveness of urbanization based economic development. There are also common arguments that the Chinese government should actively promote the urbanization for economic growth. But this argument requires a more specific analysis of the policy environment in China. Because China has the potential food supply problems in the future due to population growth factor by Chinese authority policy. This is the reason why China should draw the appropriate level of urbanization. Therefore, Chinese authority should approach to the urbanization development issue very carefully. Urbanization development should be recognized with agriculture farmland conservation and high value added agricultural industry for sustainable growth in China mainland. The world's urbanization and economic development in the majority of the countries have directly proportional relationship. However, this research points that there have been relatively high urbanized countries among their national GNI of less than $ 20,000. We can find the existence of non-economic factors on the urbanization process of the country through this analysis. Furthermore other important research objective is to derive the more hopeful policy direction of Chinese development by analyzing the types of economic development of the world. In promoting urban and rural areas development, China have to take into account the balance of growth and increase of the productivity by high value-added agriculture with Chinese characteristic at the same time. Avoiding the indiscriminate urbanization, urbanization should be noted about the possibility of high value-added of the primary industry. Wealthy formation through the rural income increase is more preferred rather than factitious cities built in large scale. This way shall overcome the negative impact of food deficiency problems in the future. China's urbanization level of 70% will be the turning point of the growth strategy and China should further refine the balanced development of urban and rural development policy. This is why utility value of urbanization on economic growth means that each country could different. It should also be promoting the balanced development between urban and rural areas, including through active foreign capital investment for rural areas and the agricultural sector of the people living in rural optimized over existed metropolitan urbanization at the same time.

항도 부산의 발전을 설명하는 두 가지 시각-경제적 요인 대 정치적 요인-

우양호 ( Woo Yang-ho ),이원일 ( Lee Won- Il ) 부산광역시 시사편찬위원회 2018 항도부산 Vol.36 No.-

서구에서는 오래 전부터 도시의 발전과 그 원인을 설명하는 여러 학설들이 제기되어 왔다. 특히 도시경제학과 도시정치학 사이에서 벌어진 경제결정론 대 정치결정론의 논쟁은 여전히 진행 중이다. 이러한 경제 및 정치관점이 서구의 도시들을 대상으로 먼저 발전된 것이긴 하지만, 도시발전의 원인과 동력이라는 문제를 설명하고 있음은 공통점이다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 항도 부산에 대하여 도시발전을 설명하는 두 학문적 시각인 경제결정론과 정치결정론을 경험적으로 검증해 보는 것이다. 이를 위해 최근 50년 동안 부산의 도시통계자료를 통하여 과연 부산의 발전에 어느 시각이 더 타당한가를 실증적으로 분석해 보았다. 연구의 주요 결과와 함의는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 과거 50년의 지역내총생산 현황자료를 토대로 부산의 도시발전이 역사적 등락을 거듭했음을 확인하였다. 최근 부산의 도시 위상은 인천이나 울산 등과 대비되면서 경제적으로 하락하고 있었으며, 지역내총생산의 전국적 비중도 낮아지고 있음이 발견되었다. 부산은 산업적으로 아직 확실한 성장동력을 찾지 못했고, 산업구조의 성장과 퇴보를 최근까지 거듭하는 것으로 추정되었다. 둘째, 경제적 시각에서 부산의 도시발전을 설명하는 변인은 3차 서비스 산업과 항만물동량 등의 요인으로 나타났다. 셋째, 정치적 시각에서 부산의 도시발전을 설명하는 변인은 지방자치, 선거, 공공투자사업비 등으로 나타났다. 넷째, 도시발전의 인과관계에서는 경제적 시각과 정치적 시각 중에서 어느 한쪽의 현실적 우세를 점칠 수는 없었다. 전반적으로 두 시각은 모두 유의한 영향력이 있었다. 따라서 향후 부산의 발전과 쇠퇴를 경제논리와 정치논리 간의 상호작용 속에서 복합적으로 설명하려는 시도가 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 부산이 미래의 지속 가능한 발전을 위한 의사결정을 할 경우, 보다 다양한 정치·경제적 담론과 후속연구의 파생을 제안하였다. Theoretical discourse of urban development has often polarized between economic determinism and political determinism with environmental determinism adding another contentious issue of development. The economic determinism of urban theory posits that economic factors such as industry, capital, workers are the foundation upon which all other political and social arrangements in urban spaces are based. The economic determinism stresses that urban societies are divided into competing economic classes whose relative political power is determined by the nature of the economic system. Besides, the economic determinism describes the development phenomenon where economic priorities prevail to facilitate the city's propensity to generate and accumulate wealth. On the other hand, the political determinism of urban theory describes that urban development involves some irreversible spatial investments, massive resource allocations and financial investments by politicians and bureaucrats. So, the purpose of this study was to confirm that the concept of economic determinism and political determinism exists in urban development processes of Busan metropolitan city. In addition, the major objectives of this study were to evaluate, measure, and also recommend solution for solving the problems of two theories in the case of Busan metropolitan city. For the achievement of the purposes, this study was performed to investigate city statistics and causal relationship between two theories and urban development of Busan metropolitan city. The empirical results showed that a strong evidence for the concept of economic determinism and political determinism for urban development processes in Busan metropolitan city. Based on these significant research findings, theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

China Urban Economic Reform and Development in the Past 30 Years

Xiaodong Fu,Jing Yu,Yaohui Li 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2009 도시과학국제저널 Vol.13 No.2

It has been already 30 years since China began her reforms and opened to the outside world. During these recent 30 years, China’s urban economy has not only gained rapid expansion on a total quantity scale, but has also made qualitative leaps and remarkable upgrades in economic system and operational mechanism. This paper studies transitional process of urban economic reform as well as step-by-step liberation of urban economic elements during the recent 30 years in order to explore the new mode of China’s urban economic development. Based on the relevant statistical data of China’s urban economy and the corresponding institutional analysis, it presents that China’s urban economic system has gradually shifted from planned allocation to a more open market, that the utilization of urban function has changed from monomer to urban group, that the measure of urban economic level has transformed from simple output to the whole urban value, that the new impetus of urban economic development has shifted to urban management, that urban development concept and guidance has broken through the former size limitation.

지속가능한 도시경제개발 측정지표의 개발에 관한 연구

강병수(Kang Byung Su) 한국도시행정학회 2010 도시 행정 학보 Vol.23 No.2

The paper explores the proper definition of urban sustainability and measuring indicators which analyse whether the city development is carried on the right direction in the perspective of urban sustainability in the representative cities of the United States, such as Austin, Seattle, and Santa Monica. The feasibility of urban sustainability is mostly dependent on the urban economic development. “The development of measuring indicator on the urban sustainability”is critically needed for urban economic development. Hence, the study compares and analyzes the process and method of development of indicators for the urban sustainability aimed at the US cities as of selected country along with their ranges and characteristics. Secondly, it provides political implication towards the preferable development method and measuring indicators to Korean local governments introducing its goal as urban sustainability, and initiating development for urban sustainability indicators.

An Econometric Model for Assessing the Asymmetry of Urban Development as a Factor of Regional Economic Growth: The Case of Kazakhstan

Svetlana O. Mukhametzhan,Gulsara A. Junusbekova,Marat Ye. Daueshov 대한산업공학회 2020 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.19 No.2

Given the trend of increasing imbalance in the economic development of administrative-territorial units and ensuring their innovative development, the issue of upgrading the effectiveness of the anti-crisis regional policy is becoming urgent. The research aim is to develop an econometric model for assessing the impact of asymmetries in the develop-ment of urban economies on the regional socio-economic development based on the case of Kazakhstan. The article establishes a sample of indicators of socio-economic development of cities and regions in Kazakhstan in 2014-2018. The governance indicators of the influence of the asymmetry in urban development on the regional socio-economic development in Kazakhstan have been determined based on the Granger causality test, the creation of a cognitive map and the identification of hierarchy levels. The asymmetry in regional development has been estimated applying the coefficient of variation of the relevant indicators of socio-economic development of cities and regions, taking into account the lagged variables. The developed model allows determining the convergence model of regional develop-ment, the nature of the influence of asymmetries in the development of cities on the regional economic development in the context of economic growth and recession, as well as identifying the key factors in the asymmetry of regional development. The results are based on reliable data; they are of practical importance and can serve as the basis for the elaboration of effective preventive measures for anti-crisis regional development policy, not only to neutralize asymmetries, but also to achieve economic growth under the conditions of unbalanced regional development.

Research on the Coupling between Localized Employment of Urban College Graduates and Urban Economic Development: A Case of City R in China

왕이원,문진주,양연로 한국경영교육학회 2023 경영교육연구 Vol.38 No.6

[Purpose]This paper focuses on quantifying the coupling value of the relationship between the localized employment of urban college graduates and the urban economic development, with a view to providing a reference for the scientific formulation of talent policies for small and medium-sized cities. [Methodology]For this purpose, We adopted an anatomical sparrow-style research methods, chose China’s city R as the research object, and conducted a comparative analysis of the coupling relationship among urban population growth, localized employment of urban college graduates and urban economic. [Findings]In this study, we found that the coupling value between localized employment of urban college graduates and urban economic development has a relatively high correlation, the coupling value between urban resident population growth and urban economic development has a medium correlation. [Implications]Local governments should pay attention to the development of urban higher education and formulate better employment policies to enhance the localized employment rate of urban college graduates.

Deregulation of the Green-Belt and Revitalization of Economy in Korea

정하명 한국토지법학회 2014 土地法學 Vol.30 No.2

In 1946, South Korea had an estimated urban population of 2.83 million, or roughly 15% of the total population. Urban population dramatically increased before and after Korean War and 1960s' economic development. The increase of urban population causes a lot of problems, One of them was sprawl of city. Development-restricted zone system was introduced to keep urban sprawl during the high economic growth period of 1970s and 1980s and contributed to preservation of little green and open spaces in Seoul and other major cities. It reserved some often-spaces surrounding the cities for future development, and it made possible a long-term plan to meet the future land needs and thereby making a significant contribution to the healthy growths of the cities. Korean does not have clear and obvious standards for that differentiations between lawful regulation on real property and Korean version of regulatory takings even though Korean Constitutional Court has tried to develope some legal principles to adjudicate whether regulation over property rights is constitutional or not since it decided development-restricted zoning system as a nonconformity in 1998. Korean Constitutional Court has developed the rule against excessive restriction, non-delegation doctrine and payment of full compensation to adjudicate whether regulation over real property rights is constitutional or not. It is necessary to revitalize Korean current economic stagnation with de-regulating or lifting of the development restriction area, which can give some confidence for future investments and provides some protective measures for the owners of property inside the green belts in Korea. There are huge debates related to the proper role of the development restriction area system and proper protection of ownership of lands in Korea.

도시경제 가치상승을 위한 효율적 도시관리 계획에 관한 연구

이형석 水原大學校 2019 論文集 Vol.33 No.-

“Urban management” has become an important focal point for modern urban growth and allows its residents to maintain an efficient daily life by connecting all the active elements and the potential features of the city. Basic infrastructure of the city should be based on a variety of architectural programs, creating economic value and increasing efficiency of right sized urban blocks, improving economic revitalization between the blocks, and consideration for appropriate road width for traffic. City leaders need to recognize that a successful urban plan comes through a city structure that enables public and private participants to focus on optimizing the economic value of real estate and the city itself, and maintenance functions for revitalization of urban infrastructure. A synergy effect between urban planning and economic factors will encourage efficient urban development through private sector participation, leading to economic development, tax increases and reinvestment into the surrounding area and city.

An evaluation of the relative urbanisation in peri-urban villages affected by industrialisation: the case study of Bhiwandi in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, India

Richa Kandpal,Izuru Saizen 대한공간정보학회 2019 Spatial Information Research Vol.27 No.2

The Mumbai Metropolitan Region in India has a history of uneven development with a concentration of population and employment in the urban core of Mumbai city. Recently, there has been an increased rate of development in other nodes outside Mumbai city. Evaluating the intra-regional inequalities will facilitate more focused planning based on contextual issues. The peri-urban villages of Bhiwandi Surrounding Notified Area are among the least planned areas within the metropolitan region, witnessing intensive industrial development and a host of other resultant problems. This study focuses on the calculation of a measure of relative urbanisation for these villages in order to identify areas that are at an advanced stage of transition from rural to urban. The measure is based upon demographic, social, economic, spatial and infrastructural parameters. Variables were selected with reference to existing research in the field of indices for urbanity and the definitions of ‘urban’ and ‘rural’ in context of India, and comprehensive scores were generated for each village. The results guide the theoretical analysis of the pattern of development in the region and the influence of urbanisation on the socio-economic changes and living conditions in the villages. Further, this study discusses the formulation of customised planning policies for different categories of peri-urban villages in the Indian context. Since the development in these villages is driven primarily by secondary and tertiary sector employment, it can be concluded that the traditional consideration of ‘rural’ as being predominantly agricultural should be reassessed for peri-urban villages.