암반공동 열에너지저장과 지상식 열에너지저장의 열손실 비교 분석

박정욱(Jung-Wook Park),류동우(Dongwoo Ryu),박도현(Dohyun Park),최병희(Byung-Hee Choi),신중호(Joong-Ho Synn),선우춘(Choon Sunwoo) 한국암반공학회 2013 터널과지하공간 Vol.23 No.5

본 연구에서는 FLAC3D를 이용해 대용량 고온 열에너지저장소가 암반공동과 지상에 위치하는 경우를 각각 모델링하고 운영기간 5년 동안의 비정상상태해석을 수행하여 저장소 외벽을 통한 열손실을 비교 · 분석하였다. 두 저장모델의 운영 조건 및 입력물성은 모두 동일하나, 암반공동 열에너지저장소는 주변 암반의 전도 열전달에 의해서만 열손실이 발생하고, 지상 저장소는 대기의 대류 열전달에 의해서 열손실이 발생하는 것으로 가정하였다. 열에너지의 반복적인 주입과 토출에 따른 저장온도의 변화를 고려하여 수치해석모델을 작성하였으며, 단열재 두께에 따른 열손실 특성을 함께 검토하였다. 해석 결과, 지상식 저장시설은 운영 기간이 경과하더라도 일정한 열손실률을 보이는 반면 암반공동 저장시설의 열손실률은 운영 초기 단계에서 급격히 감소하여 일정한 값으로 수렴하는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 열손실의 감소는 시간 경과에 따라 주변 암반의 온도가 상승함으로써 저장소외벽에서의 열유속이 감소하기 때문으로 판단할 수 있다. 운영 후 5년 경과 시 암반공동 열에너지저장소의 누적열 손실량은 지상저장소에 비해 약 72.7%로 나타났으며, 암반공동 저장시설의 열손실 특성은 주변 암반의 히팅 효과로 인해 지상식 저장시설에 비해 단열재 두께에 대한 민감도 및 의존도가 상대적으로 낮은 것으로 분석되었다. A large-scale high-temperature thermal energy storage(TES) was numerically modeled and the heat loss through storage tank walls was analyzed using a commercial code, FLAC3D. The operations of rock cavern type and above-ground type thermal energy storages with identical operating condition were simulated for a period of five consecutive years, in which it was assumed that the dominant heat transfer mechanism would be conduction in massive rock for the former and convection in the atmosphere for the latter. The variation of storage temperature resulting from periodic charging and discharging of thermal energy was considered in each simulation, and the effect of insulation thickness on the characteristics of heat loss was also examined. A comparison of the simulation results of different storage models presented that the heat loss rate of above-ground type TES was maintained constant over the operation period, while that of rock cavern type TES decreased rapidly in the early operation stage and tended to converge towards a certain value. The decrease in heat loss rate of rock cavern type TES can be attributed to the reduction in heat flux through storage tank walls followed by increase in surrounding rock mass temperature. The amount of cumulative heat loss from rock cavern type TES over a period of five-year operation was 72.7% of that from above-ground type TES. The heat loss rate of rock cavern type obtained in long-period operation showed less sensitive variations to insulation thickness than that of above-ground type TES.

한중일 축열식 냉난방시스템 국제협력활동 소개

서정식(Jeong Sik Seo),강채동(Chaedong Kang),이동원(Dongwon Lee),백종현(Jong Hyeon Peck) 대한설비공학회 2021 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.6

This paper introduces the activities of experts in heating and cooling systems using TES(Thermal Energy Storage) in Korea, China, and Japan. The heating and cooling system using TES is a method used to improve building energy efficiency by using TES. Experts from Korea, China and Japan had made international network activities for for TES heating and cooling system since 2013. I would like to introduce the contents of expert forums in three countries, Japan, China and Korea, which were held online in 13<SUP>th</SUP> April 2021, and introduce the trends of energy situation and TES heating and cooling system of Japan, China and Korea.

지중열 교환기와 빙축열조(Thermal Ice Storage)를 연계시킨 통합 지중열

ED. Lohrenz,한정상(Jeongsang Hahn),한혁상(Hyuk Sang Han),한찬(Chan Hahn),김형수(Hyoung Soo Kim) 대한자원환경지질학회 2005 자원환경지질 Vol.38 No.6

일반적으로 대규모 건물의 피크 냉방 부하는 난방부하보다 크다. 북위도의 한냉한 지역에 소재한 대규모건물의 냉난방 설비는 건물 내부에서 생성되는 발열량과 태양으로부터 획득되는 열량에 따라 좌우된다. 최대 냉방부하에 적합하도록 냉난방설비와 지중루프를 설치하는데 소요되는 비용은 일반적으로 초기투자비가 적게 드는 전통적인 HVAC시스템에 비해 다소 고가이다. 빙축열조(Thermal ice storage, TES)시스템은 과거 수년동안 일반 HVAC에서 냉동기의 용량을 축소시키거나 최대 전력부하 시간대를 바꾸기 위해 사용되어온 기술이다. 일반적으로 건물 난방을 위해서는 보일러와 같은 전통적인 난방설비를 이용하고 그 다음날의 건물냉방을 위해서는 전력료가 저렴한 야간에 빙축을 시키는 빙축열기법을 이용한다. 얼음에서 추출한 잠열 에너지의 장점을 이용하기 위해 설계된 분배시스템(distribution system)과 열원과 열배출원(열침, sink)대신에 지중열 교환기(지중루프)를 이용하면 많은 장점이 있다. 공간 난방과 급탕을 공급하기위한 분리형 설비를 별도로 사용하지 않아도 된다. 공간난방용으로 소요되는 설비용량을 축소시킬 수있으며-소요 지중열 교환기의 규격과 비용을 절감시킴은 물론 지열 HVAC시스템의 효율을 배가 시킬 수 있으며 온실가스 배출량을 대폭 감축시킬 수 있다. 또한 TES를 적용하면 대규모 건물의 냉난방부하와 열펌프의 용량을 40∼60%정도 감축시킬수 있으며 설비대수와 기계실 공간을 줄일수 있다. 뿐만아니라 피크 냉난방부하를 토대로 설계한 지원열펌프 시스템(Ground source heat pump system)의 지중루프를 1/4∼1/3까지 줄일수 있어 도심지역에서 지중루프를 설치할 때 장애요인인 지중루프 설치공간문제와 지중암석의 열적특성문제를 동시에 해결할수 있다. Peak cooling load of large buildings is generally greater than their peak heating load. Internal and solar heat gains are used for selection of adquate equipment in large building in cold winter climate like Canada and even Korea. The cost of geothermal heat exchanger to meet the cooling loads can increase the initial cost of ground source heat pump system to the extend less costly conventional system often chosen. Thermal ice storage system has been used for many years in Korea to reduce chiller capacity and shift peak electrical time and demand. A distribution system designed to take advantage of heat extracted from the ice, and use of geothermal loop (geothermal heat exchanger) to heat as an alternate heat source and sink is well known to provide many benifits. The use of thermal energy storage (TES) reduces the heat pump capacity and peak cooling load needed in large building by as much as 40 to 60% with less mechanical equipment and less space for mechanical room. Additionally TES can reduce the size and cost of the geothermal loop by 1/3 to 1/4 compared to ground coupled heat pump system that is designed to meet the peak heating and cooling load and also can eliminate difficuties of geothermal loop installation such as space requirements and thermal conditions of soil and rock at the urban area.

대학 뮤지컬과 학생들을 위한 무용교수법 연구 : 현대무용을 중심으로

배혜령,신종철 청운대학교 방송예술연구소 2017 미디어와 공연예술연구 Vol.12 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 한국뮤지컬의 창작과 공연과정에서 큰 비중을 차지하는 현대무용을 중심으 로 한 대학교과과정을 위한 효과적인 무용교수법을 연구하여 노래와 연기, 그리고 춤까지 병행해 야하는 학생들을 위해 체계적이고 합리적인 무용교육 방법을 제시하는데 있다. 이에따라 뮤지컬 에서의 연극 및 음악적 관점에서 무용을 우선 살펴보고 현대무용과 발레 테크닉, 라반의 에포트 (Effort)움직임, 머스 커닝햄의 안무특징 중 우연기법을 적용한 사례, 그리고 TES즉흥프로그램 훈 련법을 검토한다. 연구자들의 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째. 바(bar)를 이용한 발레의 기본훈련 및 점 프와 스트레칭훈련은 현대무용으로도 뮤지컬을 위한 훈련으로 충족 가능한 부분이다. 둘째, 연극 및 음악적인 측면에서 에쮸드(Etude)를 이용한 안정된 움직임과 목소리 그리고 음정과 리듬감은 현대무용훈련으로 향상 될 수 있다. 셋째, 라반의 시간, 공간, 무게, 흐름의 8가지 에포트(Effort) 훈련을 통해 더욱 섬세하게 신체로 표현 할 수 있다. 넷째, 머스커닝햄 우연기법의 움직임 훈련 사례를 통하여 현대무용의 테크닉과 느낌(표현력)을 향상 시킬 수 있다. 다섯째, 현대무용을 기반 으로 TES즉흥프로그램을 이용한 움직임 훈련은 보다 창조적인 캐릭터 형성에 기여한다. 특히 현 대무용을 이용한 교수법은 즉흥과 상상력 그리고 신체접촉으로 무대와의 시공간적인 캐릭터를 적극적으로 창조하고 연기와 움직임, 움직임과 노래의 융합적 훈련을 함으로써 뮤지컬이 가지고 있는 다양한 요소들을 통합된 예술로 정립 시키는데 효율적인 무용교수법이라고 사료된다. This study aimed to suggest more systematic, rational, and efficient dance education for students who have to perform singing, acting, and dancing by researching the dance teaching method for college curriculum focusing on modern dance. Understanding play in musical, and dance in the aspect of music, it suggests modern dance, ballet techniques, Laban's Effort movement, Merce Cunningham's chance techniquereal of application case, and TES improvisational program as training methods, and the results are like below. First, ballet's bar training and jump, and pilates' stretching could be replaced with the basics of modern dance. Second, in the aspect of play and music, situational impromptu movement, vocal vibration, tune, and rhythmic sense using Etude could be improved by modern dance training. Third, time, space, weight, and flow by Laban's movement could be more delicately expressed with body through eight kinds of Effort training. Fourth, diverse techniques and experiences could be obtained through the chance technique of modern dance movement. Fifth, movement training using TES improvisational program could make creative characters through improvisation, imagination, and body contact. Especially, it is considered as an effective dance teaching method to establish every element of musical as an unified art, by creating characters and training acting and dancing, and singing and dancing through spatio-temporal training of body and stage based on improvisation, image imagination, and body contact.

TES 즉흥프로그램을 적용한 대학생의 표현력 향상을 위한 사례연구

배혜령 청운대학교 방송예술연구소 2009 미디어와 공연예술연구 Vol.4 No.2

Up to the present, Most studies related to physical activity have focused on dancer s movement and action. This study, however, focuses on the physical activity of actors. Especially, Body training is a required course for actors to upgrade a creative expression progress. However, it is mainly used to improve an actor s verbal performance. Actors are attaching too much importance to linguistic training, and they are so often practicing body training for dancers. The purpose of this study which is named the TES Impromptu Program, creates a training method and analyzes the influence of the TES Impromptu Program on the acting training for actor s expression through applicable acting cases of an actor s training. 지금까지 대부분의 신체활동관련 연구가 무용수에게 초점을 맞추어 연구되어 왔다면 이 연구는 연기자를 위한 신체활동에 촛점을 맞추었 다. 특히 연기자에게 있어 신체훈련은 연기에 창의적 표현향상을 위해 필수적인 과정이지만 대부분 언어적 연기부분에 편중한 훈련을 하거나 무용수를 위한 신체 훈련의 방법으로 실시하고 있다. 본 연구는 연기 자에게 적용할 훈련 메소드를 창작하여 TES즉흥프로그램이라 명명하고 연기자훈련에 적용하여 사례를 통해 연기자의 표현향상에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다.

미니돼지 정자 동결 보존에 Tea-N-Tris의 첨가가 체외 수정 및 MMPs 활성에 미치는 영향

김상환,강현아,박용수,윤종택 韓國受精卵移植學會 2014 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.29 No.1

The main purpose of this study is to estimate the effect of adding Tea-N-Tris (TES) to the freezing buffer for miniature pig sperm. In particular, we attempted to identify the association between the MMPs expression and the fertility and viability of frozen sperm from each extender (LEY (Lactose Egg-Yolk), TLE (TES+ LEY), TFGE (TES+ Fructose+ Glucose Egg-Yolk)). In accordance with this, Hypoosmotic Swelling Test (HOST) respond test was the lowest among sperms frozen in LEY while the highest HOST respond was observed among sperms frozen in TLE. Furthermore, we observed MMPs expression in all sperm groups, with pro-MMP showing lower expression than active MMPs. The expression of MMP-9 and MMP-2 was the highest in sperms frozen in LEY, Meanwhile, sperms from the TFGE and TLE group showed lower level of MMP-9 and MMP-2 expression in the order of TLE being the lowest. LEY group showed lower rate of blastocyst development than the TES supplement group, although the difference was not statistically significant. Meanwhile the rate of blastocyst development appeared similar when sperms from TLE and TFGE group were used for IVF. Together, these results indicate that adding Tea-N-Tris to the sperm freezing buffer only suppresses MMPs protein activation but also maximize in-vitro fertility, providing a means to improve the success rate in the in vitro manipulation of miniature pig sperm.

High-efficiency nitrene-based crosslinking agent for robust dielectric layers and high-performance solution-processed organic field-effect transistors

Kim, Kyunghun,Shin, Seongjun,Kim, Se Hyun,Lee, Jihoon,An, Tae Kyu Elsevier 2019 APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE - Vol.479 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>High-performance organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) need not only high-mobility organic semiconductors, but also suitable organic dielectric layers. OFETs with the polystyrene (PS) dielectric layer have shown superior electrical characteristics and operational stability levels due to the hydrophobicity of PS. However, PS is usually compatible with vacuum-evaporated semiconductors because the solution process dissolves the bottom PS layer, making it difficult to obtain a high-quality semiconducting film. In this study, we develop the chemically robust dielectric film ‘FPS’, made up of 5 wt% ethylene glycol bis(4-azido-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-benzoate) (sFPA) in a PS film. Addition of UV-responsive sFPA causes the film to become crosslinked after UV irradiation while maintaining its surface properties compared to the PS film. Crosslinking with a very small amount of sFPA is possible due to high crosslinking efficiency of sFPA, not requiring two specific functional groups. In addition, an as-cast FPS film is readily photo-patterned by UV irradiation with a shadow mask. The solution-processed TES-ADT semiconductor film shows a highly crystalline morphology on the FPS layer, and its OFETs show much higher field-effect mobility levels than those with the plain PS layer. These results are attributed to the chemical robustness of the FPS layer, and its favorable environment for growth of TES-ADT crystals. Therefore, we expect the FPS layer to be used as a versatile dielectric layer with various solution-processed semiconductors.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We introduced a robust polystyrene dielectric layer (FPS) with the crosslinker (sFPA). </LI> <LI> The photo-crosslinking reaction allowed the FPS layer to be photo-patterned easily. </LI> <LI> A solution-processed TES-ADT film showed a highly crystalline morphology on the FPS. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Plasma Diagnostics during Plasma-Enhanced Chemical-Vapor Deposition of Low-Dielectric-Constant SiOC(-H) Films from TES/O2 Precursors

최치규,R. Navamathavan,정안수,김창영,이헌주 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.53 No.3

Low-dielectric-constant SiOC(-H) lms were deposited on p-type Si (100) substrates by using plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition (PECVD) from triethoxysilane (TES; C6H16O3Si) and oxygen gas as precursors. Factors affecting the carbon and hydrogen incorporation into the SiO2 films during plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition were studied for different experimental parameters by using an in-situ residual gas analyzer (RGA), optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and Langmuir probe measurements. Detailed information of the relative radical densities, the electron density (Ne) and the electron temperature (Te) of the bulk plasma was obtained in order to better understand the deposition process of the low- SiOC(-H) thin films. The silane-to-oxygen (precursor flow rate) ratio in the process gas mixture and the radio-frequency (rf) power determine the chemical nature of the substrate surface and the incorporation rates of Si-O-C and Si-O-Si into the film. We interpret in detail the evolutions of plasma discharge parameters in terms of the variations in the composition of the plasma. Low-dielectric-constant SiOC(-H) lms were deposited on p-type Si (100) substrates by using plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition (PECVD) from triethoxysilane (TES; C6H16O3Si) and oxygen gas as precursors. Factors affecting the carbon and hydrogen incorporation into the SiO2 films during plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition were studied for different experimental parameters by using an in-situ residual gas analyzer (RGA), optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and Langmuir probe measurements. Detailed information of the relative radical densities, the electron density (Ne) and the electron temperature (Te) of the bulk plasma was obtained in order to better understand the deposition process of the low- SiOC(-H) thin films. The silane-to-oxygen (precursor flow rate) ratio in the process gas mixture and the radio-frequency (rf) power determine the chemical nature of the substrate surface and the incorporation rates of Si-O-C and Si-O-Si into the film. We interpret in detail the evolutions of plasma discharge parameters in terms of the variations in the composition of the plasma.

Experimental studies on the charging performance of single-tank single-medium thermal energy storage

Kim, Dong Ho,Yoon, Seok Ho,Kim, Young,Lee, Kong Hoon,Choi, Jun Seok Elsevier 2019 Applied thermal engineering Vol.149 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This paper presents an experimental evaluation of the performance of a thermal storage tank during the charging process using a molten salt as the thermal storage medium. This study was carried out as basic research on molten salt thermal energy storage, and the charging performances of two types of molten salt (HITEC, Solar salt) were empirically assessed. The detailed structure of a storage tank for thermocline was developed for the charging process, and the applicability of the single-tank structure was verified. Single-tank thermal storage data, which is only available in a limited manner in the literature, was experimentally obtained, thus, this study is expected to contribute to the basic design of the single-tank method in the near future.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Experimental studies of single-tank single-medium TES were conducted. </LI> <LI> The applicability of the single-tank structure for energy storage was verified. </LI> <LI> This study is expected to contribute to the basic design of the single-tank TES. </LI> </UL> </P>

Deposition and Characterization of Porous Low-Dielectric-Constant SiOC(-H) Thin Films Deposited from TES/O₂ precursors by Using Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition

Rangaswamy Navamathavan,Chang Young Kim,An Soo Jung,Chi Kyu Choi,이헌주 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.53 No.1

Low-dielectric-constant SiOC(-H) thin films were deposited on p-type Si(100) substrates by using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) from triethoxysilane (TES; C6H16O3Si) and oxygen gas as precursors. A detailed characterization, such as the chemical structure, bonding configurations and dielectric constant (k), of the SiOC(-H) films was performed. A possible mech- anism responsible for the reduction in the dielectric constant of the SiOC(-H) is described. In the SiOC(-H) film, the CH₃ group as an end group is introduced into the -O-Si-O- network, thereby reducing the density to decrease the dielectric constant. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) studies were carried out to study the binding energies of Si-C, O-Si-O, C-C(H), C=C, C-O and C=O bonds in the SiOC(-H) films as functions of the ow rate ratio. The dielectric constant of the SiOC(-H) film was evaluated by using the C-V measurements for a metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS), Al/SiOC(-H)/p-Si(100), structure.