한조절(汗調節) 혈위(穴位) 합곡(合谷) 복류(復溜)의 보사(補瀉)에 따른 침자(鍼刺)가 지한(止汗)에 미치는 영향(影響)

송민선 ( Min Sun Song ),최찬헌 ( Chan Hun Choi ),윤대환 ( Dae Hwan Youn ),김지현 ( Jee Hyun Kim ),나창수 ( Chang Su Na ) 대한경락경혈학회 2008 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.25 No.4

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to exam the effectiveness of acupuncture using the tonification & sedation manipulation for LI4(Hegu) and KI7(Fuliu) which was known to promote sweating for Lack sweating and inhibit for excessive sweating. Methods: The subject of this study was 60 people who agreed with participating. The participants were divided into 6 groups as control group without acupuncture, acupuncture group with needle inserted perpendicularly at LI4, KI7 without manipulation(AT-A), acupuncture group with needle inserted and twisted at LI4 using sedation technique and KI7 using tonificaton technique(AT-B), acupuncture group with needle inserted and twisted at LI4 using tonificaton technique and KI7 using sedation technique(AT-C), acupuncture group with needle inserted and twisted at LI4 and KI7 using tonificaton technique(AT-D) and acupuncture group with needle inserted and twisted at LI4 and KI7 using sedation technique(AT-E). We obtained baseline data at a stable condition with the temperature of 25℃. After having the participant stay at 40℃ for 10 minute and treated with acupuncture for 10 minute, we measured the parameters such as sweating rate, water content in subcutaneous, water content in skin surface, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, oxygen saturation and body temperature. Results: After the tonification & sedation manipulation at LI4 and KI7, the sweating rate was significantly decreased in AT-B, AT-D and AT-E groups. The water contents in skin surface was significantly decreased in AT-B and AT-E groups. The water contents in subcutaneous was significantly decreased in AT-B, AT-C, AT-D and AT-E groups. However, there were no significant changes in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, oxygen saturation and body temperature. Conclusions : Acupuncture at LI4 and KI7 is effective in controling sweating, and the effect varies according to the tonification & sedation manipulation technique.

최대하 운동시 온도·습도 변화에 따른 피부온도와 발한량의 변화

전태원,장창현,정덕조 師範大學 體育硏究所 1994 서울大學校 體育硏究所論集 Vol.15 No.1

The study was to investigate the difference of the total sweat rate, local sweat and skin temperature according to environments during submaximal exercise. For this, eight male field hockey athletes were made to take bicycle exercise of 40% Vo₂max for 60min. The environmental conditions were divided into four groups ; Environment Ⅰ (Temperature 18℃, Relative Humidity 40%). Environment Ⅱ (Temperature 18℃, Relative Humidity 70%). Environment Ⅲ (Temperature 30℃, Relative humidity 40%). Environment Ⅳ (Temperature 30℃, Relative Humidity 70%). Local sweat rate, rectal temperature and main skin temperature were recorded every 10 minutes by thermister, total sweat rate measured by the weight loss during the exercise. Local sweat rate according to environments during submaximal exercise increased mainly by relative humidity. The other local skin temperature and the rising-rate of body temperature had an effect on it. Total sweat rate according to environments during submaximal exercise was more influenced by hot-high humidity rather than by temperature especially led to the 1,400g's weight loss during the one hour exercise. Local skin temperature according to environments during submaximal exercise was significantly differentiated by temperature and humidity as well as by time. Mean skin temperature according to environments during submaximal exercise was varied, up-and-down repeatedly. No relationships between rectal temperature or local skin temperature and total sweat rate or local sweat rate but these factors were partly interrelated. To conclude, total sweat rate was influenced most by humidity and local sweat rate differed according to local skin temperature and the rising-rate of body temperature.

사이클 웨어 개발을 위한 상체 발한 바디맵핑

박준희(Joon-hee Park),유신정(Shin-jung Yoo) 한국생활환경학회 2012 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.19 No.1

This study was conducted to investigate the body mapping of sweat rate and the effects of the airflow to sweat rate during cycling. Ten male volunteers were recruited. All tests were conducted in a climatic chamber (12 ± 0.5, 50 ± 5%RH) under two different conditions: high airflow (HAF, 2 m/s) and low airflow (LAF, <0.2 m/s). Whole body sweat rate was higher in LAF than in HAF (p<.01). Local sweat rates were higher in the center than in lateral of the upper-body. Air flow affected the amount of sweat rate in regional body part(p<.01). These results suggested the need of body mapping technique of sweat rate for developing cycling wear. Cycling wear should be developed by allocating proper material to different parts of the body for better thermophysiological comfort.

합곡(合谷) 복유(復溜) 보사(補瀉) 시술(施術)이 소한(小汗)에 미치는 영향(影響)(2)

나창수 ( Chang Su Na ),최찬헌 ( Chan Hun Choi ),김영선 ( Young Sun Kim ),김왕인 ( Wang In Kim ),윤대환 ( Dae Hwan Youn ) 대한경락경혈학회 2010 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.27 No.2

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of tonifying or sedative manipulation on LI4 and KI7 for sweet deficiency under cold environment. Methods: The participants were divided into 4 groups; intact group without acupuncture(Intact), acupuncture group inserting straightly with LI4 & KI7 method((LI4-straight·KI7-straight), acupuncture group inserting·twisting with LI4 tonificaton & KI7 tonificaton method(LI4-tonify·KI7-tonify) and acupuncture group inserting·twisting with LI4 sedation & KI7 sedation method(LI4-purge·KI7-purge). We obtained the baseline data under cold condition with the temperature 14±1℃. After making the participant staying under cold condition for 10 minute, we measured sweating rate on skin surface and biological responses such as body temperature, oxygen saturation, pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, deoxy-Hb and oxy-Hb in subcutaneous. Results: The sweating rate on skin surface was not different in all treatment groups compared to the intact group. The body temperature was significantly increased in LI4-straight·KI7-straight group compared to the intact group. The oxygen saturation significantly increased in LI4-purge·KI7-purge group compared to the intact group. The systolic blood pressure was significantly increased in LI4-purge·KI7-purge group compared to the intact group. The deoxy-Hb was significantly decreased in LI4-purge·KI7-purge group compared to the intact group. Conclusions: The above results, the effect of LI4, KI7 acupuncture due to the tonifying or sedative manipulation on sweating control could be observed. However, other biological responses with the acupuncture of tonifying or sedative manipulation were giving different expressions. We suggest that continued research of tonifying or sedative manipulation is of importance order to find these expressions.

합곡(合谷) 복류(復溜) 보사(補瀉) 시술(施術)이 소한(少汗)에 미치는 영향(影響)(II)

나창수,최찬헌,김영선,김왕인,윤대환,Na, Chang-Su,Choi, Chan-Hun,Kim, Young-Sun,Kim, Wang-In,Youn, Dae-Hwan 경락경혈학회 2010 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.27 No.2

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of tonifying or sedative manipulation on LI4 and KI7 for sweet deficiency under cold environment. Methods : The participants were divided into 4 groups; intact group without acupuncture(Intact), acupuncture group inserting straightly with LI4 & KI7 method((LI4-straight KI7-straight), acupuncture group inserting twisting with LI4 tonificaton & KI7 tonificaton method(LI4-tonify KI7-tonify) and acupuncture group inserting twisting with LI4 sedation & KI7 sedation method(LI4-purge KI7-purge). We obtained the baseline data under cold condition with the temperature $14{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. After making the participant staying under cold condition for 10 minute, we measured sweating rate on skin surface and biological responses such as body temperature, oxygen saturation, pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, deoxy-Hb and oxy-Hb in subcutaneous. Results : The sweating rate on skin surface was not different in all treatment groups compared to the intact group. The body temperature was significantly increased in LI4-straight KI7-straight group compared to the intact group. The oxygen saturation significantly increased in LI4-purge KI7-purge group compared to the intact group. The systolic blood pressure was significantly increased in LI4-purge KI7-purge group compared to the intact group. The deoxy-Hb was significantly decreased in LI4-purge KI7-purge group compared to the intact group. Conclusions : The above results, the effect of LI4, KI7 acupuncture due to the tonifying or sedative manipulation on sweating control could be observed. However, other biological responses with the acupuncture of tonifying or sedative manipulation were giving different expressions. We suggest that continued research of tonifying or sedative manipulation is of importance order to find these expressions.

合谷 復溜 補瀉 施術이 少汗에 미치는 影響(Ⅱ)

윤대환,나창수,최찬헌,김영선,김왕인 경락경혈학회 2010 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.27 No.2

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of tonifying or sedative manipulation on LI4 and KI7 for sweet deficiency under cold environment. Methods : The participants were divided into 4 groups; intact group without acupuncture(Intact), acupuncture group inserting straightly with LI4 & KI7 method((LI4-straight⋅KI7-straight), acupuncture group inserting⋅twisting with LI4 tonificaton & KI7 tonificaton method(LI4-tonify ⋅KI7-tonify) and acupuncture group inserting⋅twisting with LI4 sedation & KI7 sedation method(LI4-purge⋅KI7-purge). We obtained the baseline data under cold condition with the temperature 14±1℃. After making the participant staying under cold condition for 10 minute, we measured sweating rate on skin surface and biological responses such as body temperature, oxygen saturation, pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, deoxy-Hb and oxy-Hb in subcutaneous. Results : The sweating rate on skin surface was not different in all treatment groups compared to the intact group. The body temperature was significantly increased in LI4-straight⋅KI7-straight group compared to the intact group. The oxygen saturation significantly increased in LI4-purge⋅KI7-purge group compared to the intact group. The systolic blood pressure was significantly increased in LI4-purge⋅KI7-purge group compared to the intact group. The deoxy-Hb was significantly decreased in LI4-purge⋅KI7-purge group compared to the intact group. Conclusions : The above results, the effect of LI4, KI7 acupuncture due to the tonifying or sedative manipulation on sweating control could be observed. However, other biological responses with the acupuncture of tonifying or sedative manipulation were giving different expressions. We suggest that continued research of tonifying or sedative manipulation is of importance order to find these expressions.

합곡(合谷) 복류(復溜) 보사(補瀉) 시술(施術)이 소한(少汗)에 미치는 영향(影響)(1)

최찬헌 ( Chan Hun Choi ),윤대환 ( Dae Hwan Youn ),김영선 ( Young Sun Kim ),송민선 ( Min Sun Song ),나창수 ( Chang Su Na ) 대한경락경혈학회 2009 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.26 No.4

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of the tonification & sedation manipulation for LI4 and KI7 on lacking of sweating in cold environment. Methods: The participants were divided into 3 groups as intact group without acupuncture, acupuncture group inserting and twisting with LI4 tonificaton and KI7 sedation method(LI4-tonify·KI7-purge) and acupuncture group inserting and twisting with LI4 sedation and KI7 tonificaton method(LI4-purge·KI7-tonify). We obtained baseline data at cold condition with the temperature 14±1℃. After making the participant staying in cold condition for 10 minute, we measured sweating rate in skin surface, body temperature, oxygen saturation, pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, deoxy-Hb and oxy-Hb in subcutaneous. Results: After acupuncture in cold environment, the sweating rate in skin surface significantly decreased in KI7-purge·LI4-tonify group comparing the intact groups. The body temperature significantly increased in LI4-tonify·KI7-purge and LI4-purge·KI7-tonify groups comparing the intact group. The oxygen saturation significantly increased in LI4-tonify·KI7-purge group comparing the intact group. Conclusions: These findings indicated that LI4 tonificaton and KI7 sedation method(LI4-tonify·KI7-purge) could be effective for production of sweating in cold condition.

체형별 발한 반응에 관한 연구

심부자,Sim, Bu-Ja 대한인간공학회 1998 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.17 No.2

To investigate the difference of sweating reaction by the somato types, we measured total sweat rate, local sweat rate, skin temperature, physiological reaction and psychological reaction at $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and $29{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ under laboratory conditons. Nine healthy adult females were divided into three somato types : slender (3), normal (3) and obese (3). The results were as follows ; Total sweat rate was highest in the obese type, followed by the normal and slender types in order. Local sweat rate was highest in the infrascapular area, and then came breast, the back of the hand, upper ann, anterior leg, and anterior thigh in all somato types. Mean skin temperature was highest in the slender type, and followed the normal and obese types. Rectal temperature, blood pressure and pulse rate were highest in the obese type. Psychological reaction appeared 'hot', 'humid', 'sweaty' as ambient temperature went up. Somato types made little difference in psychological reaction.

훈련 시 현장 발한테스트를 통한 운동선수의 체수분 상태, 발한율, 땀의 전해질 농도 및 손실량 평가

배수진 ( Sujin Bae ),박현 ( Park Hyon ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2020 체육과학연구 Vol.31 No.2

[목적] 스포츠 현장에서 체수분 상태평가와 발한테스트를 진행한 선행 연구의 실험 방법을 확인하고 실제국내 실내(배드민턴) 및 실외(럭비) 종목 선수에게 적용하여 운동 전 체수분 상태, 운동 중 발한량, 땀의 전해질 구성을 분석과 수분 섭취 상태를 평가하는 것이다. [방법] 배드민턴 남자선수 14명, 럭비 남자선수 17명을 대상으로 평소 훈련하는 방법과 환경에서 한 시간 동안 측정을 진행하였다. 요비중으로 운동 전 체수분 상태를 평가하고, 발한테스트를 통해 운동 중 수분 손실과 땀의 전해질 농도 및 손실량을 조사하였다. [결과] 운동전 요비중은 배드민턴 집단과 럭비 집단 모두 1.024±0.004kg/L로 나타나 탈수상태인 것을 확인하였다. 운동 중 발한율과 전신 전해질 손실량을 측정하여 필요한 수분 섭취량과 전해질 공급량을 확인하였다. [결론] 본 연구는 선수의 탈수증상 예방과 경기력 유지를 위한 체수분 상태평가와 발한테스트를 국내 스포츠 현장에 적용하고 후속 연구에 필요한 실험 방법 제시와 기초자료를 제공하여 과학적인 체수분 관리 지침의 제작이 가능하도록 하는 데 의미가 크다고 사료된다. [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to confirm and evaluate the assessment of dehydration, whole body sweat rate, sweat sodium · potassium concentration, and fluid intake during workout in college badminton and rugby athletes using the field sweat test. [Methods] 14 male badminton athletes and 17 male rugby athletes were measured during an usual training session in a typical environment. USG(urine specific gravity) was measured before the start of training. Whole body sweat rate, sweat sodium·potassium concentration, and fluid intake were measured during and post a session of training. [Results] USG higher than 1.023 in both groups, which was considered as dehydrated. Sweating rate were 1.037±0.315L/h for the badminton athletes and 1.987±0.386L/h for the rugby athletes. The concentration of sodium and potassium were 53.6±20.2mmol/L, 4.1±0.7mmol/L for badminton athletes, and 55.6±15.2mmol/L, 4.3±0.5mmol/L for rugby athletes, respectively. The loss of sodium and potassium were 1.02±0.48g, 0.08±0.02g for badminton athletes, and 1.95±0.52g, 0.15±0.03g for rugby athletes, respectively. [Conclusion] In this study, a standard protocol of field sweat test was suggested as a useful factor in evaluating athletes' hydration status and electrolyte loss during a routine in-door or out-door training session. And, it is expected to build reliable data to establish a standard hydration guideline for Korean athletes.

상반신의 부분별 발한량, 피부온과 주관적 감각 고찰

김성숙 ( Seong Suk Kim ),김희은 ( Hee Eun Kim ) 한국의류산업학회 2013 한국의류산업학회지 Vol.15 No.6

This study aimed to measure the amount of sweating on 12 parts of the upper body using absorption fabric and analyze subjective sensations. The study was conducted with 9 male subjects in climate chamber controled at 30±0.5oC, and 55±5% RH. The result was that sweating amount of the upper back part was significantly more than upper front part. We assumed that forced convection flow cased by exercise decreased the sweating rate in the front. The skin temperature of upper front body rapidly decreased as soon as exercise starts and gradually increased with cessation of exercise. On the other hand, the skin temperature of palm increased with exercise and showed continuous increasing even exercise stopping all the experimental period. This is caused by thermoregulatory responses through vasodilatation on the peripheral area. Subjective sensations, such as thermal sensation, wet sensation, and thermal comfort showed the highest score at the time of exercise stop. This means the subjects felt more hot, wet, and uncomfortable after exercise stopped. Bur after wiping of sweat, subjective sensation scores were recovered rapidly. The present study has provided more detailed information on the upper body sweat distribution than previously available, which can be used in clothing design, thermo-physiological modeling, and thermal manikin design. We also think that results of the present study will play an important role in making the sweat distribution map.