육묘 시 해양심층수의 관수 방법이 유묘의 생장에 미치는 영향

홍성유(Sung Yu Hong),윤병성(Byeong Sung Yoon),강원희(Won Hee Kang) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2006 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.15 No.2

토마토 초장의 경우 심층수처리는 대조구에 비해 두 상관수는 50%, 저면관수는 58% 감소하였고, 표층수 처리구에서는 두상관수는 49%, 저면관수는 56% 감소하였으며, NaCl 처리구에서는 두상관수는 47%, 저면 관수는 57% 감소하여 저변관수 처리방법이 도장억제에 더 효과적이었다. 지상부 생체중의 경우 두장관수보다 저면관수에서 더 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 뚜렷한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 지하부 생체중 대조구에 비하여 두상관수는 38%정도 감소한 반면 저면관수는 49% 정도 감소하여, 저면관수에 의해 생육이 현저히 억제되는 결과를 보였다. 지상부와 지하부의 건물중은 생체중과 비슷한 경향을 나타냈다. 이와 같은 결과는 염에 의한 뿌리생육의 저하 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 경경은 대조구에 비해 감소하였지만 처리 방법 간에 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지는 않았다. T/R률에 비추어 보면 두상관수 처리에서 묘소질이 더 뛰어났으나, 묘의 충실도(compactness)는 처리구간 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 토마토의 경우 초장의 억제정도나 묘의 충실도에 비춰보아 저면관수 방법이 도장억제에 더 효과적이라 사료된다. 오이의 경우 처리 농도의 증가에 따라 초장, 생체중, 건물중, 경경, 엽면적이 감소하였다. 저면관수가 두상관수에 비해 도장억제 효과와, 생육억제가 좀 더 뚜렷이 나타나기는 하였으나 두 처리간의 유의적 차이는 나타나지 않았다. Overhead and sub-irrigation of deep sea water to tomato seedlings reduced the height as 50% and 58% than control plants. In the same treatment with surface sea water and NaCl water, the reduced rate in tomato seedlings' height were 49% and 56% in overhead irrigation, and 47% and 57% in sub-irrigation, respectively. Most effective method for the inhibition of the growth of the seedling was sub-irrigation method, which supplied water through the roots. No significant difference was observed on fresh weight of the upper part of tomato and cucumber seedlings, though the sub-irrigation reduced the fresh weight than the overhead irrigation. The reduced rate of fresh weight of seedlings by overhead irrigation was by 38% and sub-irrigation by 49% as compared to control. Similarly dry weight of upper and under soil parts of seedlings showed same trend of results thereof as fresh weight. This result can be traced to reduction of growth caused by salts in the water. In stem diameter of seedlings no significant difference was observed between two irrigation methods, even though both deep sea and NaCl water reduced stem diameter, as compared to control water. Overhead irrigation can be chosen by seedling producers because of better seedling quality by using TIR ratio. Seedling compactness were not noticed in both the overhead and sub-irrigation. Sub-irrigation was found more effective method for the inhibition of height and compactness of tomato seedlings. Higher the concentration of NaCl, deep sea, and surface sea water, lesser the growth in height, fresh and dry weight, stem diameter, and leaf area was obtained. No significant difference was found, though sub-irrigation suppress the growth of seedlings.

관개수원에 따른 논에서의 영양물질 배출 특성

황하선,공동수,신동석,전지홍 한국물환경학회 2004 한국물환경학회지 Vol.20 No.6

Field experimental study was performed to examine characteristics of nutrient export from paddy rice fields with irrigation practices. Experimental fields with surface-water and ground-water irrigation were monitored and analyzed during rice culture period. The water balance showed that outflow generally balanced the inflow showing that about half (58∼68%) of total outflow was lost by surface drainage. Water and nutrient export are more in surface-water irrigation paddy than in ground-water irrigation paddy. The reasons might be more irrigation water available and easy to use in surface-water irrigation. If irrigation water reduced, it could result in reduction of nutrient export in paddy rice fields, which can save water and protect water quality. However, deviation from conventional standard practices might affect the rice yield and further investigations are necessary.

Original Article: Soil/Pesticidal/Environmental Sciences : Heavy Metal Contamination in Surface Water Used for Irrigation: Functional Assessment of the Turag River in Bangladesh

( Taufique Arefin(m. ) ),( Mokhlesur Rahman(m. ) ),( Wahid-u-zzaman(m. ) ),( Jang Eok Kim ) 한국응용생명화학회 2016 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.59 No.1

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the degree of metal contamination of the Turag River water and its suitability for irrigation. Twenty water samples were analyzed for physic℃hemical parameters and metals viz., calcium, magnesium, potassium (K), sodium, copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and nickel (Ni). All water samples were slightly alkaline to alkaline. Regarding electrical conductivity (EC), all samples were suitable for crop in soils with moderate permeability and leaching. Water samples were medium salinity and low alkalinity hazard classes. In terms of total dissolved solids (TDS), all samples were classified as freshwater. As per sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and soluble sodium percentage (SSP), all samples were classified as excellent. No residual sodium carbonate (RSC) was detected in any of the samples, indicating suitability for irrigation; and all samples were considered very hard. Cr and Mn contents in all samples were above FAO guideline values and, therefore, these metals were considered toxic. Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, and Ni concentrations were below acceptable limit for irrigation and do not pose a threat to soil environment. Significant relationships were found between EC and TDS, SAR and SSP, SAR and RSC, and SSP and RSC. The combinations of ions such as K.Zn, K.Fe, K.Cu, K.Mn, K. Pb, Zn.Fe, Zn.Cu, Zn.Mn, Fe.Mn, Cu.Mn, Cu.Pb and Mn.Pb exhibited significant correlation. This study revealed that Turag River water samples are contaminated with Cr and Mn. This fact should not be ignored because water contamination by metals may pose a threat to human health through food chain.

Assessment of potential on surface water and land resources for irrigation in Omo-Gibe basin and Ejersa sub-basin in south west Ethiopia

( Mulatu Abebe ),( Won-ho Nam ) 한국농공학회 2018 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2018 No.-

Ethiopia has abundant land and water resources for irrigation, only a fraction of its potential of land and water resources are being utilized. Assessing available land and surface water resources for irrigation is important for planning and increasing the development of irrigation in the country. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of land resource and surface water resource of river catchments for irrigation purpose in Omo-Gibe basin, and Ejersa sub-basin. Specifically to identify the characteristics of Omo-Gibe basin; Ejersa river catchments by using GIS from DEM and estimating its surface water and land potential; evaluate the existing agricultural situation of the area; investigate the suitability analysis and flow analysis of selected rivers in the basin. Different materials, software’s, and relevant primary & secondary data were used by collecting from all sources such as meteorological data, hydrological, land use, and soil data was collected from Ministry of Water Resource and Energy office (MoWE) and National Meteorological Agency (NMA). The result of this study show that from the anomaly of annual precipitation & temperature in the basin for 50 years from the 1965 to 2015 was indicates average temperature has highly increased over the last two decades and the amount of rainfall decreases throughout the Omo-Gibe catchments with a decrease in elevation. Results of the watershed delineation lead to gave basin has area coverage of 9,000㎢, and perimeter of 1,832.3km with a length of 550 km and an average width of 140 km covering parts of the SNNPR and Oromiaregions. Out of this area coverage the estimation of land potential availability was determined by suitability analysis for different method of irrigation is estimated 67,928㎢. The total mean annual flow from the river basin is estimated to 16.6BMC. The result in Ejersa sub-basin indicates the estimation flow was determined by using SCS Curve Number and estimatedto 40 MCM. The average flow obtained after undertaking a number of trials is 214 lit/s. The irrigation engineering design of this study shows that the maximum flow diversion requirement for the command area of96.2ha is 173.2lit/s, and the slope of the command area lies with a range of 0-5%. With the assumption of rotational flow in the main canals the total irrigation water required to satisfy 96ha with in 153.6 lit/sec. Therefore, depending on the Ethiopian classification of irrigation land based on the size of the command area, in three types: small scale irrigation (SSI) covering below 200 ha; medium scale irrigation (MSI) covering from 200 ha to 3,000 ha and large scale irrigation (LSI) covering more than 3,000 ha, the Omo-Gibe basin has the area with the slope between 0-5% is 34,208.25 ㎢ that mainly used for small scale irrigation level similar to indicated in Ejersa sub-basin study.

Development of Soil Moisture Controlling System for Sesame Based on Smart Irrigation System

( Soon Hong Kwon ),( Jung Duck So ),( Ki-yeol Jung ),( Sanghun Lee ),( Jongsoon Kim ),( Jong Min Park ),( Soon Gu Kwon ),( Dong-hyun Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1

The smart irrigation system using ICT technology is crucial for stable production of upland crops. The objective of this study was to develop a smart irrigation system that can control soil water, depending on irrigation methods, in order to improve sesame production. In surface irrigation, three irrigation methods (sprinkler irrigation (SI), surface drip irrigation (SDI), and fountain irrigation (FI)) were installed on 68m x 13.5m fields. The distance between the sprinklers in SI was 10m. In SDI and FI, the lateral pipes were laid down 1.2m and 3m interval, respectively. The soil water contents were measured at 10, 20, 30, and 40cm depth, and an automatic irrigation system controls a valve to maintain the soil water content at 10 cm to be 30%. In subsurface drip irrigation, the drip lines were installed in a 30m x 9m plot at a depth of 20cm, with integrated dippers every 70cm or 140cm under ridge or furrow. In controlled drainage system, the culverts were installed with the spacing of 3m and 6m, and it was managed with two ground water level (30cm and 60cm). These two irrigation systems utilized sensor-based monitoring to provide real time soil water status. The seasonal irrigation amounts were 96.4 ton/10a (SDI), 119.5 ton/10a (FI), and 113 ton/10a (SI), respectively. Since SDI system supplies water near the root zone of the plants, the water was saved by 23.9% and 17.3%, compared with FI and SI, respectively. In subsurface drip irrigation, the average soil water content was 38.8%, which was 10.8% higher than the value at the control treatment (28%), implying that it provides water effectively. In controlled drainage system, the soil water contents were greatly influenced on the ground water level; the water contents at the surface zone (0-10cm, 10-20cm) with 60cm ground water level was 25.3% and 31.6%, which were 9.4% and 8.4% lower than the values with 30cm ground water level. In addition, the high water contents were measured in the narrow culvert spacing. In conclusion, this smart irrigation system can reduce production costs of upland crops, thereby improving food self-sufficiency in Korea.

Development of Soil Moisture Controlling System for Smart Irrigation System

Jongsoon Kim(김종순),Won-Sik Choi(최원식),Ki-Yeol Jung(정기열),Sanghun Lee(이상훈),Jong Min Park(박종민),Soon Gu Kwon(권순구),Dong-Hyun Kim(김동현),Soon Hong Kwon(권순홍) 한국산업융합학회 2018 한국산업융합학회 논문집 Vol.21 No.5

The smart irrigation system using ICT technology is crucial for stable production of upland crops. The objective of this study was to develop a smart irrigation system that can control soil water, depending on irrigation methods, in order to improve crop production. In surface irrigation, three irrigation methods (sprinkler irrigation (SI), surface drip irrigation (SDI), and fountain irrigation (FI)) were installed on a crop field. The soil water contents were measured at 10, 20, 30, and 40 cm depth, and an automatic irrigation system controls a valve to maintain the soil water content at 10 cm to be 30%. In subsurface drip irrigation (SSDI), the drip lines were installed at a depth of 20 cm. Controlled drainage system (CDS) was managed with two ground water level (30 cm and 60 cm). The seasonal irrigation amounts were 96.4 ton/10a (SDI), 119.5 ton/10a (FI), and 113 ton/10a (SI), respectively. Since SDI system supplied water near the root zone of plants, the water was saved by 23.9% and 17.3%, compared with FI and SI, respectively. In SSDI, the mean soil water content was 38.8%, which was 10.8% higher than the value at the control treatment. In CDS, the water contents were greatly affected by the ground water level; the water contents at the surface zone with 30 cm ground water level was 9.4% higher than the values with 60 cm ground water level. In conclusion, this smart irrigation system can reduce production costs of upland crops.

밭작물 자동 관개시스템 구축을 위한 작물별 관개현황 연구

김민영 ( Minyoung Kim ),김승희 ( Seounghee Kim ),김영진 ( Youngjin Kim ),최용훈 ( Yonghun Choi ) 한국농공학회 2014 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2014 No.-

밭작물의 생육에 있어서 적정 토양수분유지는 안정적인 식량생산 및 건강한 먹거리를 위해 중요하다. 토양이 과습 또는 건조상태가 되면 뿌리 생육이 빈약해지고, 산소가 결핍되며, 물질 전류와 양분이용 효율이 감소하며, 심지어 작물의 병해가 생기기 쉽다. 따라서 밭에서는 생리적으로 필요한 물을 적기에 적당량 공급하여 이러한 습해 및 한발 피해를 방지하고 생육을 조장함으로써 작물의 수량 및 품질을 향상시키는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구는 기존의 시설재배지를 대상으로 했던 ICT기반 기술들을 노지 밭작물, 특히 수분조건에 민감하고 소득이 높은 작물을 대상으로 해서 자동관개시스템을 구축하고자 한다. 시스템 개발에 앞서서 현재 재배작물 및 재배 조건에 따른 관개현황을 조사하였다. 양파, 마늘, 생강, 부추 등 양념채소 뿐만 아니라 최근 각광을 받고 있는 소과류, 블루베리, 오미자, 오디 등을 포함해서 총 10여 가지 작물을 대상으로 평탄지 및 경사지 재배를 하고 있는 농가의 관개 현황, 즉 재배이력, 관개시기 및 관개량 산정을 위한 판단기준, 농업수원 등을 조사하였다. Farm irrigation systems must supply water at rates, in quantities, and at times needed to meet farm irrigation requirements and schedules. The functions of farm irrigation systems include not only crop water supply but crop and soil cooling, protecting crops from frost damage, delaying fruit and bud development, controlling wind erosion, providing water for seed germination, application of chemicals and land application of wastes. This study aims at developing the automated irrigation system for farm products to protect the crops, maximize the yield and reduce water and natural resources usage. Prior to the system development, this study conducted a case study on the present irrigation condition depending upon a type of crop and water resource, cultivation area, farmers’ experience and so on. Targeting for the economic crops, for examples, seasoning vegetable (chives, ginger, garlic, etc.) and fruits (pear, blueberry, schizandra, mulberry, etc.). Depending upon a type of crop and cultivation method, various irrigation methods (single vs. mix-and-match) were used. The findings of this study will contribute to the development of automated irrigation system for upland crops.

Optimization of simplified freeze desalination with surface scraped freeze crystallizer for producing irrigation water without seeding

Shin, Hyein,Kalista, Brenda,Jeong, Sanghyun,Jang, Am Elsevier 2019 Desalination Vol.452 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Freeze desalination (FD) is a promising desalination technology for overcoming the drawbacks of conventional desalination methods. However, the slow production rate and low productivity of FD have hindered its commercialization. This research presents the challenges confronting current FD processes and proposes a new simplified FD, which employs self-nucleation using the surface scraped freeze crystallizer unit. With the simplified FD process, it was found that optimal conditions are 45 or 50% of the washing water percentage at an operational temperature of −12 °C, and 50% of the washing water percentage at an operational temperature of −16 °C for producing irrigation water (<2000 mg/L in terms of total dissolved solids). Furthermore, we applied the cyclic system, which was the reuse of the mixture of brine and washing waste, on the FD process. The results showed that the use of 45% of the washing water percentage for the 1st cycle raw ice products and 50% for the 2nd cycle at an operational temperature of −12 °C enabled the achievement of >40% in the final productivity. Accordingly, this research introduced the feasibility of the FD process without the use of any additional seeding process.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Freeze desalination was simplified by applying surface scraped freeze crystallizer. </LI> <LI> Surface scraped freeze crystallizer initiated self-nucleation by breaking ice layer. </LI> <LI> Freeze desalination conditions for producing irrigation water were optimized. </LI> <LI> Cyclic freeze desalination process could enhance ice productivity and purity. </LI> <LI> Simplified freeze desalination could produce irrigation water with 40% productivity. </LI> </UL> </P>

농촌지역 지표수-지하수 연계 이용·관리를 위한 단위유역 적용 및 평가 방안

김규범 ( Gyoo-bum Kim ) 한국농공학회 2020 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2020 No.-

농촌지역은 대하천 주변 뿐 아니라 하천 상류의 지류에 많이 분포하고 있어 가뭄 등 물 문제에 취약하다. 농촌지역의 용수 공급은 주로 저수지 및 하천에 의하여 이루어지나 지하수에 의한 용수공급도 필수적이다. 그러나, 현재까지 용수수급의 분석 및 공급 대책 수립은 주로 지표수를 중심으로 추진되어 왔으나, 가뭄 등에 대비하기 위해서는 지하수를 포함한 수급 방안에 대한 검토가 필요하다. 특히, 가뭄에 취약한 하천 상류 지역은 농번기 소하천의 고갈이 빠르게 발생하는 지역으로서 지하수 수원 확보가 요구된다. 이와 같이 농번기 용수 확보를 위한 평가는 지표수-지하수의 연계 관점에서 이루어져야 하며, 이 분석은 단위 유역별로 수행되는 것이 적절해 보인다. 지표수-지하수의 연계에 기반한 수급 분석은 1차 또는 2차 지류를 포함하는 소유역 단위가 가장 적합해 보이므로, 이들 규모에 해당하는 지하수 단위유역의 설정이 필요하다. Rural areas are widely distributed not only near the large rivers, but also in tributaries upstream, and they are vulnerable to water problems such as drought. Water supply in rural areas is mainly provided by reservoirs and rivers, but also it is essential to supply groundwater. However, the analysis of water demand and supply has been mainly carried out on surface water, but it is necessary to revise the plan including groundwater supply in order to prepare for drought. In particular, the upstream areas susceptible to drought have the characteristics of rapidly depleting small streams during irrigation season and therefore securing of groundwater source is required. The evaluation to secure water during that season should be made from the viewpoint of interconnection between surface water and groundwater based on the unit watershed. The sub-watershed unit including the primary and secondary tributary looks adequate for the evaluation of the connectivity, therefore it seems necessary to establish a groundwater unit basin corresponding to these sizes in rural area.

Design, manufacture and field test of a surface water storage tank providing irrigation water to upland crops

Hyung Jin Shin,Young-Joon Kim,Jae Young Lee,Hwang-Hee Kim,Sung Mun Jo,Sang Sun Cha,Seon-Ah Hwang,Seung-Kee Lee,Chan Gi Park 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2020 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.47 No.4