다중지점 지진하중에 대한 아치구조물의 지진응답 분석

김기철,강주원,Kim, Gee-Cheo,Kang, Joo-Won 한국공간구조학회 2013 한국공간구조학회지 Vol.13 No.4

Spatial structures have the different dynamic characteristics from general rahmen structures. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately analyze dynamic characteristics and seismic response for seismic design of spatial structure. Keel arch structure is used as an example structure because it has primary characteristics of spatial structures. In case of spatial structures with different ground condition and time lag, multiple support excitation may be subjected to supports of a keel arch structure. In this study, the response of the keel arch structure under multiple support excitation and with time lag are analyzed by means of the pseudo excitation method. Pseudo excitation method shows that the structural response is divided into two parts, ground displacement and structural dynamic response due to ground motion excitation. It is known that the seismic responses of spatial structure under multiple support excitation are different from those of spatial structure under simple excitation. And the seismic response of spatial structure with time lag are different from those of spatial structure without time lag. Therefore, it has to be necessary to analyze the seismic response of spatial structure under multiple support excitation and time lag because the spatial structure supports may be different and very long span. It is shown that the seismic response of spatial structure under multiple support seismic excitation are different from those of spatial structure under unique excitation.

Lexico-Syntactic Structures of Spatial Expressions

정유진 고려대학교 언어정보연구소 2018 언어정보 Vol.0 No.26

Eugene Chung. 2018. Lexico-Syntactic Structures of Spatial Expressions. Language Information, Volume 26. 79-102. This work aims to model a lexico-syntactic structure for various spatial configurations. In English, spatial expressions are similar to transitive verbs in the pattern where prepositions take arguments to describe spatial relationships. The meaning expressed by a spatial preposition indicates how its arguments physically relate to each other in space. The spatial preposition has two arguments, a Figure and a Ground. This study adapts Pustejovsky's (1991, 1995) argument structure and co-composition from the Generative Lexicon Theory in order to represent multiple configurations. Various features are employed to describe spatial relations and spatial entities. Arrangement features and physical relationship features are for spatial relations. Region features, dimensionality, and orientation features are utilized to provide fine-grained specification of spatial entities. The values for arrangements are CONTACT, ADJACENCY, OVERLAP, INCLUSION, SURROUNDING. Region feature takes one of SURFACE, BOUNDARY, TOP, BOTTOM, INTERIOR, EXTERIOR. For the dimensionality, we have 1DIM, 2DIM, 3DIM values. HORIZONTAL and VERTICAL are the values for the orientation feature. A locus structure is introduced to encode various spatial features that are related with words about spatial entities and spatial relations. A spatial preposition and its arguments construct spatial expressions. They compose phrasal level meanings through co-specification with the locus values in the loci structure. The proposed framework can be utilized to represent the formal rules of encoding spatial expressions.

Lexico-Syntactic Structures of Spatial Expressions

Eugene Chung 고려대학교 언어정보연구소 2018 언어정보 Vol.26 No.-

Eugene Chung. 2018. Lexico-Syntactic Structures of Spatial Expressions. Language Information, Volume 26. 79-102. This work aims to model a lexico-syntactic structure for various spatial configurations. In English, spatial expressions are similar to transitive verbs in the pattern where prepositions take arguments to describe spatial relationships. The meaning expressed by a spatial preposition indicates how its arguments physically relate to each other in space. The spatial preposition has two arguments, a Figure and a Ground. This study adapts Pustejovsky's (1991, 1995) argument structure and co-composition from the Generative Lexicon Theory in order to represent multiple configurations. Various features are employed to describe spatial relations and spatial entities. Arrangement features and physical relationship features are for spatial relations. Region features, dimensionality, and orientation features are utilized to provide fine-grained specification of spatial entities. The values for arrangements are CONTACT, ADJACENCY, OVERLAP, INCLUSION, SURROUNDING. Region feature takes one of SURFACE, BOUNDARY, TOP, BOTTOM, INTERIOR, EXTERIOR. For the dimensionality, we have 1DIM, 2DIM, 3DIM values. HORIZONTAL and VERTICAL are the values for the orientation feature. A locus structure is introduced to encode various spatial features that are related with words about spatial entities and spatial relations. A spatial preposition and its arguments construct spatial expressions. They compose phrasal level meanings through co-specification with the locus values in the loci structure. The proposed framework can be utilized to represent the formal rules of encoding spatial expressions.

진주성 주변의 도시공간구조 특성 연구

이재희(Lee, Jae-Hee),안정근(Ahn, Jung-Geun) 한국주거환경학회 2014 주거환경(한국주거환경학회논문집) Vol.12 No.3

The spatial structure of cities with inherent urban characteristics is formed by the factors of urban structure, which are economy, population, industry, culture, art and history and the urban form, land shape, linear traffic corridor and land use distribution, is infected by the urban structure. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to analysis the urban spatial characteristics using both non-spatial and spatial factors around Jinju-fortress and propose the ways for regional identity through historical and cultural resources of the city. The research range of this study is about 500m from the Jinju-fortess. In addition, the urban spatial structure analysis of the target area found that urban form was shaped with Gaeksa axis as the center and location of residential area including educational area on the west of the castle and commercial business area and industrial area around Gaeksa axis changed the urban spatial structure. The factors of urban form infected the characteristics of the city including average price of land. The further the regions are from the castle, the land price is higher and this phenomenon is the result of the various regulations on the land use within a radius of about 400m from the castle. In conclusion, the formation of the urban spatial structure connected with historical and cultural urban form is essentially needed and the small and medium sized cities" competitiveness, which regional cultures is applied, is secured through an improvement of non-spatial and spatial urban structure. Furthermore, urban space should be provided according to the urban preservation policies with consideration for both modernistic roles and the historical and cultural characteristics around fortress. Finally, the role for traditional culture exchange of surrounding fortress is needed for the citizens" leisure.

순묘(?卯)구조를 활용한 팝업 전시공간 디자인에 관한 연구

정청단 ( Qingdan Zheng ),이정교 ( Junggyo Lee ) 한국공간디자인학회 2017 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.12 No.5

(연구배경 및 목적) 현재 초고속 정보화 시대에 단 시간에 효율적이고 문화적 가치를 제공할 수 있는 팝업 전시공간이 문화마케팅 전략에 요구되고 있다. 이러한 배경 속에 모듈화 된 유닛을 메뉴얼에 따라 분해와 조립이 쉽게 이루어지는 모듈화 방식의 활용이 절실히 필요할 때이다. 따라서 전통 목구조 맞춤과 이음으로 짜인 결구 체이자 문화요소가 내포된 순묘구조를 활용하여 더욱 효율적이고 지속가능한 공간 가치를 제공하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 전통 목구조인 순묘구조 요소를 효과적으로 활용한 팝업 전시공간의 특성을 분석하고자 하는데 그 목적이 있다. (연구방법) 본 연구는 선행논문과 참고문헌을 중심으로 한 이론적 고찰을 통하여 전통 목구조와 순묘구조의 개념 그리고 순묘구조 특성요소를 도출하였다. 또한 실증연구를 위하여 팝업 전시공간의 개념과 공간적 특성을 추출하였으며 순묘구조 특성요소와 팝업 전시 공간적 특성을 토대로 관련 사례 분석을 진행하였다. (결과) ‘화풍’, ‘하우스비전’, ‘초경춘(超輕村)’, ‘에르메스(Herm□s)’에서 팝업 전시공간의 특성인 일시성, 유동성, 문화이벤트성, 상호 소통성의 항목들이 전반적으로 잘 보여 지고, 순묘구조의 특성요소인 견고성, 합리성, 간결성, 장식성, 모듈화, 문화성이 적극적으로 활용되고 있다. 순묘구조의 모듈화 된 유닛들이 메뉴얼에 따라 분해, 조립을 이루는 모듈화와 간결성의 특성요소를 활용함으로써 한시적으로 진행되는 일시성과 다양한 장소로 이동이 용이한 유동적인 성격을 가진 팝업 전시 공간적 특성에 적극적인 영향을 준다고 분석하였다. 또한, 독특한 디자인으로 보고 즐길 수 있는 장식성과 전통 문화사상이 담긴 문화예술과 그 문화성을 가진 순묘구조를 활용함으로써 문화이벤트성과 상호 소통성의 공간적 특성을 살려 팝업 전시공간의 이미지 제고와 아이덴티티를 부각시킨다고 분석된다. (결론) 본 연구를 통해 팝업 전시공간의 일시성, 유동성, 문화이벤트성, 상호 소통성의 공간적 특성들은 순묘구조의 특성요소와 깊은 연관성을 가진다는 것과 위에서 추출한 매개 특성들이 매우 중요한 요소임을 알 수 있다. 특히 초고속 정보화 시대에 효율적이고 전통 문화를 중요시하는 흐름에서 위 특성들이 매우 중요한 요소임을 알 수 있다. 따라서 순묘구조를 팝업 전시공간에 활용함으로써 공간 사용자의 적극적인 참여를 이끌어내기 위한 더욱 효율적이고 문화적 가치가 있는 공간을 제공할 것으로 기대한다. (Background and Purpose) Recently, in the high-speed information age, pop-up exhibition spaces are being required for cultural marketing strategies, to provide efficient and cultural values in a short period of time. Under these circumstances, according to the manual, it is inevitable that the modularized system should be easily disassembled and assembled. In this sense, Sunmyo structure is used to provide efficiency and continuity since it is structured with traditional wooden structure containing cultural factors. The purpose of this research is to analyze spatial characteristics of pop-up exhibition spaces, using factors of the Sunmyo structure. (Method) In this research, based on theoretical examination focusing on previous theses and references, the concept and characteristics of the Sunmyo structure and traditional wooden structure are derived. For empirical research, the concept and spatial characteristics of pop-up exhibition spaces were identified. The related case studies focus on characteristics of the Sunmyo structure and spatial features of pop-up exhibition spaces. (Results) In “Hwapung,” “House Vision,” “Chao Qingcun Project,” and “Herm□s,” the items such as temporality, flexibility, cultural event features, and mutual communication are characteristics of the pop-up exhibition spaces. Visibility, robustness, rationality, simplicity, ornamentality, modularity, and cultural factors are actively utilized as characteristic elements of the Sunmyo structure. By using characteristics of the Sunmyo structure, which are variable, according to the manual, it is inevitable that the modularized system can be easily disassembled and assembled and simplicity, it has great positive impact on spatial characteristics of pop-up exhibition space since it is held temporarily, flexile, and convenient to be moved to other places. In addition, by using the Sunmyo structure, utilizing the ornamental design that can be enjoyed and viewed with a unique design containing decorative and traditional cultural ideas, the image and identity of pop-up exhibition spaces are magnified by taking advantage of cultural event features and mutual communication. (Conclusions) According to this study, it can be proved that the spatial characteristics of pop-up exhibition space, it is verified that temporality, flexibility, cultural event features, mutual communication the spatial characteristics of pop-up exhibition space are deeply related to the characteristics of Sunmyo structure. Especially in the high-speed information age, the above-mentioned characteristics are very important factors in the flow of efficient and traditional culture. Therefore, it is expected that more efficient and cultural space can be provided by inducing active participation of the users by using the Sunmyo structure in pop-up exhibition spaces.

다중지점 지진하중을 받는 돔 구조물의 지진응답 제어

김기철,강주원,Kim, Gee-Cheol,Kang, Joo-Won 한국공간구조학회 2014 한국공간구조학회지 Vol.14 No.4

Spatial structures as like dome structure have the different dynamic characteristics from general rahmen structures. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately analyze dynamic characteristics and effectively control of seismic response of spatial structure subjected to multi-supported excitation. In this study, star dome structure that is subjected to multi-supported excitation was used as an example spatial structure. The response of the star dome structure under multiple support excitation are analyzed by means of the pseudo excitation method. Pseudo excitation method shows that the structural response is divided into two parts, ground displacement and structural dynamic response due to ground motion excitation. And the application of passive tuned mass damper(TMD) to seismic response control of star dome structures has been investigated. From this numerical analysis, it is shown that the seismic response of spatial structure under multiple support seismic excitation are different from those of spatial structure under unique excitation. And it is reasonable to install TMD to the dominant points of each mode. And it is found that the passive TMD could effectively reduce the seismic responses of dome structure subjected to multi-supported excitation.

다중지점 지진하중을 받는 돔 구조물의 지진응답 제어

김기철,강주원 한국공간구조학회 2014 한국공간구조학회지 Vol.14 No.4

Spatial structures as like dome structure have the different dynamic characteristics from general rahmen structures. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately analyze dynamic characteristics and effectively control of seismic response of spatial structure subjected to multi-supported excitation. In this study, star dome structure that is subjected to multi-supported excitation was used as an example spatial structure. The response of the star dome structure under multiple support excitation are analyzed by means of the pseudo excitation method. Pseudo excitation method shows that the structural response is divided into two parts, ground displacement and structural dynamic response due to ground motion excitation. And the application of passive tuned mass damper(TMD) to seismic response control of star dome structures has been investigated. From this numerical analysis, it is shown that the seismic response of spatial structure under multiple support seismic excitation are different from those of spatial structure under unique excitation. And it is reasonable to install TMD to the dominant points of each mode. And it is found that the passive TMD could effectively reduce the seismic responses of dome structure subjected to multi-supported excitation.

세력권 방식의 공간적 연관성을 이용한 인구분포 변화 분석

김호용 국토연구원 2012 국토연구 Vol.73 No.-

Recently, there has been a wide range of research in space by introducing the concept of spatial relationship such as spatial autocorrelation. It is very important to set a spatial-weighted value according to the analysis target since spatial effects differ due to a variable affecting space in the study of applying spatial relationship. It is, however, as a matter of fact that researches with regard to setting methods and usefulness of spatial-weighted values fit for the analytic purpose lack. Accordingly, this study presented an appropriate model for analyzing the population distribution change and spatial-weighted value setting by applying the concept of spatial relationship. The results from the analysis using the population data collected every 5 years for 50 years since 1970 interpreted the population distribution change as well as exploring urban planning backgrounds including a large scale development affecting chronological population change. In order to interpret population change and spatial relationship, Anselin’s local Moran’s I model useful for spatial cluster and outlier analysis and spatial-weighted value methods for the sphere of influence type regarding the spatial distribution characteristics of accumulation unit and applying the reaching distance of influence from each respective unit were well-suited. 최근 공간적 자기상관과 같은 공간적 연관성의 개념을 도입하여 공간에 대한 다양한 연구가 수행되고 있다. 공간적 연관성을 적용한 연구에서 공간에 영향을 주는 변수의 특성별로 공간적 영향력이 다르므로 분석 대상에 따라 공간가중치의 설정은 매우 중요하다. 하지만 분석 목적에 맞는 가중치의 설정방안과 유용성에 관한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 공간적 연관성 개념을 적용하여 인구분포 변화를 분석하는 과정에 적합한 모델과 공간가중치 설정방안을 제시하였다. 1970년부터 5년 단위로 50년간 인구 데이터를 이용한 분석의 결과는, 각 시기별 인구 변화에 영향을 준 대규모 개발행위를 포함하는 도시 계획적 배경을 함께 살펴봄으로써 인구분포 변화를 해석하였다. 인구의 변화 및 공간적 관련성의 해석을 위해서는 공간적 군집성(cluster)과 이례치(outlier) 분석에 유용한 Anselin의 국지적 Moran’s I 모델과 집계단위의 공간적 분포특성을 고려하고 각 개체로부터 영향력이 미치는 거리를 적용한 세력권 방식의 공간적 가중치방법이 적합하였다.

3차원 공간정보 데이터 모델 비교 분석

박세호,이지영 대한공간정보학회 2009 Spatial Information Research Vol.17 No.3

효율적으로 데이터를 관리, 분석, 유지하기 위해서는 각 시스템의 목적에 맞는 데이터 모델이 필요하다. 데이터 모델에 따라 해당하는 활용 시스템의 활용 범위가 결정되며, 각각의 활용 시스템에 맞는 데이터 모델이 개발되고 있는 상황이다. GIS 분야에서도 각 GIS 응용시스템에 맞는 다양한 공간정보 데이터 모델들이 개발 되었으며, 제공하고자 하는 서비스에 따라 공간정보 데이터 모델이 만들어지고 있다. 어플리케이션의 효율적인 활용을 위해서는 공간정보 데이터의 정확성과 최신성등이 중요하지만 특히 공간정보 데이터 구조를 만드는 데이터 모델링이 중요하다. 그러므로 본 연구는 1)국내외 공간정보 데이터 모델의 공간정보를 표현하는데 있어 기하학적 모델, 위상학적 모델과 3차원 공간정보 가시화 방법 등의 항목별로 비교하고 2)각각의 데이터 구조를 분석하여 데이터 모델의 특징을 비교한다. 마지막으로 3)공간정보 데이터 모델을 선정하여 정량적인 분석을 통해 데이터 구조에 따른 특징을 분석한다. Each system should have a suitable data model about their purpose for efficiently managing, analyzing, and manipulating data. And the usable range of application is determined by the data model, and suitable data models are being developed for each application. In GIS, diversity spatial data model is being developed too. The accuracy and update of the spatial data would be important for applying efficient application as well as the data modeling is important as constructing the spatial data structure. Therefore, the purposes of this research are to 1)compare domestic spatial data models with oversea spatial data models about their geometry model, topology model and visualizing method of 3D spatial data 2)to compare the features of the data model by analyzing each data structures. We 3)compare and analyze features of each spatial data models via the quantitative analysis of each spatial data models.

북한 공간구조와 이념적 표현의 도시 계획

임형백 평화문제연구소 2019 統一問題硏究 Vol.31 No.1

The purpose of this paper was to study characteristics of North Korea’s spatial structure and Pyongyang. The decision of divide the Korean peninsula into two nations was a devastating one made by outside forces. Korean peninsula represents one of the last remnants of the Cold War era. North and South Korea have been the front line, place of confrontation, system competition between capitalism and socialism(communism). So there is a great difference between South Kore’s spatial structure and North Korea’s spatial structure. Socialism are reflected in spatial structure, cities and urban planning(city planning). North Korea seek balanced development between urban areas and rural areas. North Korea dispersed not only the population but also industries. This policy caused extensive land use and inefficient land using. Citizen and private enterprise were excluded in urban planning and formation of spatial structure. Pyongyang was built as a propaganda tool of socialism. Pyongyang was expression of socialism ideology. North Korea took eclecticism between the Soviet Union and North Korea. Eclecticism was compromise considering the reality of North Korea’s economy. This eclecticism was applied to Pyongyang. So there is differences between North Korea and the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe in spatial structure. Socialism are also reflected in public attitude. North Korea’s status class acted as system maintain measures. The new generation of North Korea were taking center stage in economic activity. The new generation were also more individual, unconventional and rebellious. 남한과 북한은 자본주의와 사회주의의 최전선에서 대리전쟁을 치러왔고, 북한은 사회주의의 흔적을 이데올로기 뿐만 아니라, 공간과 도시에도 남겨 놓았다. 북한의 공간에 대한 사회주의의 이념의 적용은, 조방적(extensive) 토지이용을 가져왔고, 도시의 성장을 억압하였다. 공간에 대한 정치적 판단은, 직장과 주거지의 근접과 지역공동체를 추구하였고, 산업시설을 분산시켰다. 공간에 대한 군사적 판단은, 중공업 우선주의와, 휴전선에서 멀리 떨어진 공업도시와 북부 내륙 지역을 중심으로 중공업화로 나타났다. 또 북한의 도시에 나타나는 도시계획의 특징은 소련‧동구의 경험에 북한의 현실을 반영하는 절충주의이다. 특히 평양은 이념의 선전도구이면서, 주체사상의 영향으로 서구적 특징과 북한적 특징이 결합되었고, 김일성과 김정일 부자의 개인적 ‘의도’와 ‘취향’까지 반영되었다. 한편 통일 이후 평양의 지리적‧정치적 위상을 고려할 때, 세종시의 존속에 대한 논쟁도 일어날 수 있다. 북한의 주민은 크게 3개, 작게는 51개로 구성된 신분계층 체제에서, 불만을 표출하기보다는 신분상승에 목표를 둔, 체제순응적 주민이 되었다. 한편 1990년대 이후 출생한 ‘장마당 세대’는 북한 체제에 도전적인 계층이면서, 비공식적인 도시개발의 협력 계층이다. ‘장마당 세대’는 남한주도의 통일 이후에는 자본주의 체제에 가장 빨리 적응하고, 북한의 경제발전을 주도할 계층이 될 수 있다.