저온순화 및 탈순화가 배추의 내동성 및 total RNA, soluble protein, soluble sugar 함량에 미치는 영향

남정현,강원희,김일섭 (사) 한국생물환경조절학회 2001 시설원예‧식물공장 Vol.10 No.4

This study was conducted to determine the change in freezing tolerance of Chinese cabage (Brassicacampestris L. ssp. penkinensis). Four-week old seedlings grown in a greenhouse at 25oC0.5 weretransferred to 5, 10 or 15oC condition for acclimation for one day, and then transferred to a lethaltemperature or -3oC condition. Optimal acclimation temperatures were 5oC and 10oC. Freezing toler-ance of leaf tissues was investigated during a week-long cold stress. Development of freezing tolerancewas shown by survival ratio, and amounts of total RNA, soluble protein and soluble sugar. LT50 valueincreased from -3 to -4oC after 5 days acclimation at 5 or 10oC, and this was considered to be the firstindication of enhanced freezing tolerance. Plants, cold acclimated for five days, reached to a survivalratio of 60%. This increase in freezing tolerance was found to be associated with the increased levelsof total RNA, soluble sugar and soluble protein. These metabolic changes imply the association ofadjustment of growth and cell metabolism with low temperatures at the beginning of cold acclimationin Chinese cabbage.

Sugars, Soluble Solids, and Flavor of Sweet, Super Sweet, and Waxy Corns during Grain Filling

Lee, Suk-Soon,Yun, Sang-Hee,Kim, Jae-Hyeun The Korean Society of Crop Science 1999 한국작물학회지 Vol.44 No.3

In order to determine the optimum harvest time of vegetable corns, the changes in sugars, soluble solids, and flavor of kernels of sweet (cv. ‘Golden Cross Bantam 70’), super sweet (cv. ‘Cocktail E-51’), and waxy corns (cv. ‘Chalok 2’) were observed at different ripening stages. Sucrose was a major sugar in the sweet and super sweet corns and the content increased from 15 to 21 and 27 days after silking (DAS), respectively and then decreased. Glucose and fructose contents of sweet and super sweet corns tended to decrease with kernel maturity. Total sugar content of the sweet corn analyzed by the anthrone method increased rapidly from 15 to 21 DAS, while that of the super sweet and the waxy corns increased slowly up to 24 and 26 DAS, respectively and decreased thereafter. The content of soluble solids in sweet corn was much higher than that of super sweet corn. Starch content of the sweet corn increased slowly from 15 to 33 DAS, while that of the super sweet corn increased a little rapidly from 15 to 21 DAS and then leveled off to 33 DAS. Starch content of the waxy corn increased continuously from 21 to 38 DAS. There was a positive correlation between the sum of individual sugars (sucrose, glucose, and fructose) and soluble solids in both sweet and super sweet corns, while the content of soluble solids was not related to the sum of individual sugars or total sugars. The flavor rate of sweet and super sweet corns maintained high between 21 and 27 DAS and that of waxy corn decreased from 24 to 33 DAS. The optimum harvest time for sweet, super sweet, and waxy corns was thought to be 21 to 24 DAS considering sugar and starch contents, flavor, and marketing.

Sugars, Soluble Solids, and Flavor of Sweet, Super Sweet, and Waxy Corns during Grain Filling

Suk Soon Lee,Sang Hee Yun,Jae Hyeun Kim 韓國作物學會 1999 Korean journal of crop science Vol.44 No.3

In order to determine the optimum harvest time of vegetable corns, the changes in sugars, soluble solids, and flavor of kernels of sweet (cv. ‘Golden Cross Bantam 70’), super sweet (cv. ‘Cocktail E-51’), and waxy corns (cv. ‘Chalok 2’) were observed at different ripening stages. Sucrose was a major sugar in the sweet and super sweet corns and the content increased from 15 to 21 and 27 days after silking (DAS), respectively and then decreased. Glucose and fructose contents of sweet and super sweet corns tended to decrease with kernel maturity. Total sugar content of the sweet corn analyzed by the anthrone method increased rapidly from 15 to 21 DAS, while that of the super sweet and the waxy corns increased slowly up to 24 and 26 DAS, respectively and decreased thereafter. The content of soluble solids in sweet corn was much higher than that of super sweet corn. Starch content of the sweet corn increased slowly from 15 to 33 DAS, while that of the super sweet corn increased a little rapidly from 15 to 21 DAS and then leveled off to 33 DAS. Starch content of the waxy corn increased continuously from 21 to 38 DAS. There was a positive correlation between the sum of individual sugars (sucrose, glucose, and fructose) and soluble solids in both sweet and super sweet corns, while the content of soluble solids was not related to the sum of individual sugars or total sugars. The flavor rate of sweet and super sweet corns maintained high between 21 and 27 DAS and that of waxy corn decreased from 24 to 33 DAS. The optimum harvest time for sweet, super sweet, and waxy corns was thought to be 21 to 24 DAS considering sugar and starch contents, flavor, and marketing.

Determination and Comparison of Chemical Characteristics of Arbutus unedo L. and Arbutus andrachnae L. (Family Ericaceae) Fruits

Murat Şeker,Celil Toplu 한국식품영양과학회 2010 Journal of medicinal food Vol.13 No.4

The fruits and leaves of Arbutus species are well known in folk medicine as antiseptics, diuretics, and laxatives in many parts of Turkey. Some chemical properties including pH, soluble solid content, titratable acidity, protein, moisture, ash, ascorbic acid, fructose, glucose, sucrose, total phenols, total antioxidant activity, and minerals were determined in fully matured Arbutus unedo L. and Arbutus andrachnae L. fruits collected from different sites of Çanakkale, Turkey in 2006 and 2007. Total soluble solids, titratable acidity, protein, moisture, and ash content of A. unedo and A. andrachnae berries were on average 16.0% and 14.0%, 0.4% and 0.6%, 2.38% and 3.77%, 47.21% and 38.21%, and 2.82% and 4.35%, respectively. The mean values of ascorbic acid were 270.50mg/100g for A. unedo and 140.30mg/100g for A. andrachnae, which suggested that Arbutus berries contain high amounts of vitamin C. In the strawberry tree fruits, fructose and glucose were determined to be the major sugars. The analysis showed that fructose and glucose occurred in concentrations of 24.09% and 19.09%, respectively. However, ripe A. andrachnae fruits contained small amounts of fructose (4.12%), glucose (2.73%), and sucrose (0.16%) detectable by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The general order of abundance of the minerals was K>Ca>P>Mg>Na in whole fruit of the strawberry tree. The chemical composition of Arbutus fruits indicates that the fruits are good sources of minerals and ascorbic acid and that they are high in phenolics and antioxidant capacity and low in soluble sugars, especially A. andrachnae. The data should be useful for research purposes and for compiling local food composition tables. In view of its chemical composition, the use of Arbutus fruits in some food products may be suggested.

국내 육성 황육계 키위푸르트 품종간 저장 특성 비교

이아연(Ah-Youn Lee),배태민(Tae-Min Bae),조윤섭(Youn-Sup Cho),황용수(Yong-Soo Hwang) 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2014 농업과학연구 Vol.41 No.4

Physiological characteristics of two Korean golden kiwifruit cultivars, ‘Halla Gold’ and ‘Haehyang’, were compared to determine the storage potential of fruit. The soluble solid levels of the fruit were 8.9 and 6.9 oBrix in ‘Halla Gold’ and ‘Haehyang’ at harvest, respectively but increased up to 15.4 in ‘Halla Gold’ and 17.5 oBrix in ‘Haehyang’ after 2 months of storage. Major sugars were fructose and glucose, and sucrose content was relatively low regardless of cultivar. The edible quality of ‘Haehyang’ was better than ‘Halla Gold’ because of higher amount of sugars. Firmness of the fruits gradually decreased as the increase of storage period in ‘Halla Gold’ in both flesh and core tissue. Th firmness loss of ‘Haehyang’ fruit was faster in the first 2 months and then became slow. After 75 days of storage, the firmness of ‘Haehyang’ fruit was only 5.2% at harvest. Core tissue was soften enough to eat at ripe stage. Wall modifying enzyme activities including xylanase, α-L-arabinofuranosi- dase and β-galactosidase were consistently higher in ‘Haehyang’ and the activity of pectate lyase was more increased than ‘Halla Gold’ after 2 months of storage. Respiration rate of ‘Haehyang’ was higher than ‘Halla Gold’ and further increased after 2 months of storage. Weight loss was much higher in ‘Haehyang’ which showed higher rate of the firmness loss. The storage potential of golden kiwifruit was estimated to be about 2 months for ‘Haehyang’ and 3 months for ‘Halla Gold’ when determined on the basis of the fruit firmness.

국내 육성 황육계 키위푸르트 품종간 저장 특성 비교

이아연(Ah-Youn Lee),배태민(Tae-Min Bae),조윤섭(Youn-Sup Cho),황용수(Yong-Soo Hwang) 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2014 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.41 No.4

Physiological characteristics of two Korean golden kiwifruit cultivars, ‘Halla Gold’ and ‘Haehyang’, were compared to determine the storage potential of fruit. The soluble solid levels of the fruit were 8.9 and 6.9 oBrix in ‘Halla Gold’ and ‘Haehyang’ at harvest, respectively but increased up to 15.4 in ‘Halla Gold’ and 17.5 oBrix in ‘Haehyang’ after 2 months of storage. Major sugars were fructose and glucose, and sucrose content was relatively low regardless of cultivar. The edible quality of ‘Haehyang’ was better than ‘Halla Gold’ because of higher amount of sugars. Firmness of the fruits gradually decreased as the increase of storage period in ‘Halla Gold’ in both flesh and core tissue. Th firmness loss of ‘Haehyang’ fruit was faster in the first 2 months and then became slow. After 75 days of storage, the firmness of ‘Haehyang’ fruit was only 5.2% at harvest. Core tissue was soften enough to eat at ripe stage. Wall modifying enzyme activities including xylanase, α-L-arabinofuranosi- dase and β-galactosidase were consistently higher in ‘Haehyang’ and the activity of pectate lyase was more increased than ‘Halla Gold’ after 2 months of storage. Respiration rate of ‘Haehyang’ was higher than ‘Halla Gold’ and further increased after 2 months of storage. Weight loss was much higher in ‘Haehyang’ which showed higher rate of the firmness loss. The storage potential of golden kiwifruit was estimated to be about 2 months for ‘Haehyang’ and 3 months for ‘Halla Gold’ when determined on the basis of the fruit firmness.

Effect of methane–sugar interaction on the solubility of methane in an aqueous solution

Kim, Kwangmin,Kwon, Taejin,Sung, Bong June,Kim, Choongik Academic Press 2017 Journal of Colloid and Interface Science Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, the effect of methane–sugar interaction on the solubility of methane in an aqueous solution at ambient pressure was investigated. Various sugars, such as fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose, and raffinose, were used, and depending on the type and concentration of sugar, the methane solubility increased from 21.72mg/L (in pure water) to 24.86mg/L. Sugars with a low hydrogen-bonding number between the water and sugar molecules exhibited a large enhancement in methane solubility. The solute partitioning model and molecular dynamics simulations were employed to verify the results obtained for the experimental solubility of methane in aqueous sugar solutions.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

특용작물:복분자의 화학적 특성 및 복분자 부위별 (잎, 열매, 줄기) 추출물을 이용한 농업해충 복숭아혹진딧물, 배추좀나방 및 담배거세미나방에 대한 살충효과 연구

이희권,이회선 한국유기농업학회 2016 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.24 No.4

In the growth of the Rubus coreanus Miquel fruits, the unripened (10 days) and ripened (25 days) fruits after flowering were harvested. The chemical characteristics of different maturational stages of the unripened and ripened fruits were investigated. Total amount of phenolic compounds was 4.00-7.56% in the unripened fruits and 3.78-5.57% in the ripened fruits, respectively. Furthermore, total amounts of organic acids such as malic, citric, succinic, and oxalic acids were 16.40 mg/ 100 g in the unripened fruits and 28.82 mg/100 g in the ripened fruits, respectively. In organic acids of the unripened and the ripened fruits, citric acid (8.76-15.47 mg/100 g) was the highest amount among other organic acids. Soluble sugars were significantly increased from 11.07 to 21.54% in the unripened and ripened fruits. Therefore, ripened fruits had the high levels of phenolic compounds, organic acids and soluble sugars. For the biological studies of R. coreanus, methanol extracts of R. coreanus leaves, fruits, and stems were evaluated for their insecticidal activities against Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Plutella xylostella (Lepioptera: Plutellidae) and Spodoptera litura (Lepioptera: Noctuidae) by leaf dipping method. From these results, the extract of R. coreanus leaves revealed potent insecticidal activity against P. xylostella. However, the methanol extracts of R. coreanus fruits and stems had no any insecticidal activity against M. persicae, P. xylostella and S. litura. The R. coreanus leaves have promising potential as new insecticidal agent against P. xylostella.

Abscisic acid synthesis and root water uptake contribute to exogenous methyl jasmonate-induced improved tomato drought resistance

Yan Jiakun,Li Haipeng,Li Yu,Zhang Nan,Zhang Suiqi 한국식물생명공학회 2022 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.16 No.2

In rain-fed semi-arid agricultural areas, unevenly distributed seasonal rainfall influences tomato production. Meanwhile, jasmonic acid, an essential plant hormone, enhances plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses; however, its effect on tomato drought resistance remains unclear. In this study, a series of pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects elicited via addition of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA), an active ingredient of jasmonic acid, on tomato physiology, biochemistry, and transcription under two water conditions. The results indicate that 100 μM MeJA application significantly improved drought resistance in tomato and increased the biomass. Moreover, water deficiency significantly decreased the tomato plant photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and root exudation and increased the leaf abscisic acid (ABA) con- tent. Meanwhile, MeJA application increased root exudation and whole plant transpiration rate to maintain relatively high leaf water content. In leaves, specifically, MeJA increased the expression of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases and reduced ABA content, which might contribute to the maintenance of a high stomatal conductance. In addition, many genes involved in photosynthetic carbon metabolism and sugar transport were upregulated by MeJA, resulting in a low soluble sugar-to- starch ratio, to maintain plant growth. Collectively, these findings indicate that exogenous MeJA decreases ABA content to maintain high stomatal conductance and enhance root water uptake capacity to maintain improved leaf relative water status, consequently improving tomato drought resistance.

Effect of Different Rootstocks on Wilting Occurrence, Plant Growth, and Fruit Quality of Melon

Joo Hyun Lee(이주현),Joon Kook Kwon(권준국),Kyoung Sub Park(박경섭),Yun Chan Huh(허윤찬),Chai Il Lim(임채일),Dong Kum Park(박동금),Kwan Dal Ko(고관달) 한국원예학회 2009 원예과학기술지 Vol.27 No.2

Key growing characteristics of melon cultivars, ‘Homerunstar’ and ‘Earl’s elite’ were investigated after they were grafted onto Cucurbita rootstocks ‘Gangguntozwa’, ‘Shintozwa’, ‘Teuktozwa’, ‘Joinus’, ‘Rainbow’, ‘Ace’, and ‘Elite’. Significantly different results were obtained in wilting incidence, plant growth, fruit quality and fruit yield depending on various rootstocks. No wilting symptom was observed when cultivar ‘Homerunstar’ was grafted onto ‘Gangguntozwa’, ‘Teuktozwa’ and ‘Ace’ rootstocks, whereas the symptom occurrence was 83, 55, 22, and 16%, respectively, when grafted onto ‘Rainbow’, ‘Elite’, ‘Joinus’, and ‘Shintozwa’. Occurrence of wilting symptom was 100% when the cultivar was grown without grafting. The occurrence of wilting symptom in cultivar ‘Earl’s elite’ was 6% when it was grafted onto ‘Elite’ and ‘Joinus’ rootstocks, whereas it was 72% when the cultivar was grafted onto ‘Rainbow’ rootstocks. The highest soluble-solid content (°Brix) was observed when cultivar ‘Earl’s elite’ was grafted onto ‘Ace’ or ‘Joinus’. When the cultivar ‘Homerunstar’ was grown without grafting, the soluble-solid content was 1 °Brix higher than that of grafted one; however, a higher ratio of sucrose to glucose+fructose (S/G+F) was observed in the fruit. Total fruit yield was higher when the two cultivars were grafted onto ‘Gangguntozwa’, ‘Shintozwa’, ‘Teuktozwa’, and ‘Ace’ rootstocks than those of non-grafted ones. These results suggest that the best rootstock for cultivar ‘Homerunstar’ is ‘Teuktozwa’ and for cultivar ‘Earl’s elite’ is ‘Ace’.