미세피치 접합용 솔더 페이스트의 솔더 분말 크기에 따른 레올로지 및 인쇄 특성 평가

전소연,이태영,박소정,이종훈,유세훈 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2022 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.29 No.2

The wettability and rheological properties of solder paste with the size of the solder powder were evaluated. To formulate the solder paste, three types of solder powder were used: T4 (20~28 μm), T5 (15~25 μm), and T6 (5~15 μm). The viscosities of the T4, T5, and T6 solder pastes at 10 RPM were 155, 263, and 418 Pa·s, respectively. After 7 days, the viscosity of the T4 solder paste slightly increased by 2.6% and that of T5 was increased by 20.6%. The viscosity of the T6 solder paste after 7 days could not be measured due to high viscosity. The viscosity variation with solder particle size also affected on the printability of the solder. In the case of the T4 solder paste, printability, slump, bridging, and soldering properties were excellent. On the other hand, T5 showed slight dewetting and solder ball defects. Especially, T6, which the smallest powder size, showed poor printability and dewetting at the edge of solder. 본 연구에서는 솔더 분말 크기에 따른 솔더페이스트의 젖음성 및 레올로지 특성을 평가하였다. 솔더페이스트는 T4 (20~28 m), T5 (15~25 m), T6 (5~15 m) 3종류의 Sn-Ag-Cu 합금 분말을 사용하였고, 플럭스와 진공에서 혼합하여 솔더페이스트를 제조하였다. 스파이럴 점도계로 10 rpm의 속도로 측정했을 때 T4, T5, T6 솔더페이스트의 점도는 각각 155, 263, 418 Pa·s의 점도를 보이며, 분말크기가 감소함에 따라 점도는 증가되는 것이 관찰되었다. 또한, 솔더페이스트의 경시변화에 따른 점도변화를 관찰하였으며, 7일 후 T4 솔더페이스트의 경우 점도가 2.6% 증가하여 거의 변화가 없었으나, T5는 20.6%의 증가를 보였으며, T6의 경우 점도 증가가 매우 높아 스파이럴 점도계로는 측정이 불가하였다. 분말 크기에 따른 솔더페이스트 점도 특성은 솔더의 인쇄성에 큰 영향을 주었다. T4 솔더페이스트의 경우 인쇄특성 및 슬럼프와 브릿징 특성이 우수하였지만, 분말 크기가 작은 T5의 경우 인쇄성이 다소 떨어졌으며, T6의 경우 점도가높아 솔더페이스트가 마스크 개구홀의 벽에 붙고, 따라서 인쇄성이 매우 떨어지는 모습을 보였다. 솔더링을 진행할 경우, T6 솔더페이스트는 디웨팅(dewetting)이 발생하여 젖음성도 T4, T5에 비해 낮은 것이 관찰되었다.

에폭시 경화형 무세정 SAC305 솔더 페이스트의 리플로우 공정성과 보드레벨 BGA 솔더 접합부 특성

최한,이소정,고용호,방정환,김준기,Choi, Han,Lee, So-Jeong,Ko, Yong-Ho,Bang, Jung-Hwan,Kim, Jun-Ki 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2015 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.22 No.1

첨단 전자기기에 사용되는 전자부품의 크기와 접속피치가 감소하면서 리플로우 공정 후 플럭스 잔사의 세정이 어려워짐에 따라 무세정 솔더 페이스트에 대한 요구가 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 SAC305 솔더분말과 에폭시 레진을 주성분으로 하는 경화성 플럭스를 혼합하여 제조한 에폭시 경화형 솔더 페이스트에 대하여 리플로우 공정성, 플럭스 잔사의 부식성, 솔더볼 및 보드레벨 BGA 패키지 솔더 접합부의 기계적 거동을 기존 로진계 솔더 페이스트와 비교하여 평가하였다. 에폭시 경화형 솔더 페이스트는 솔더 접합부 주변에 경화물 필렛을 형성한 것으로 보아 플럭싱 작용에 의해 솔더 접합부가 형성된 이후에 경화반응이 진행되는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 동판에 대한 젖음성 시험을 통해 기존상용 솔더 페이스트 정도의 납퍼짐성을 갖는 것을 알 수 있었다. 리플로우 후 동판에 대한 고온 고습 시험을 통해 에폭시 경화형 솔더 페이스트는 동판 부식을 전혀 발생시키지 않는 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 FT-IR 분석결과 에폭시 경화반응을 통해 단단히 고정된 결과로 생각되었다. 볼전단, 볼당김 및 다이전단 시험 결과, 솔더 접합부 주변에 형성된 경화물 필렛은 솔더 표면과 접착본딩을 형성하며, 다이전단강도를 15~40% 정도 향상시키는 것으로 보아 에폭시 경화형 솔더 페이스트는 플럭스 잔사 세정공정의 생략과 함께 솔더 접합부 보강효과를 통해 패키지 신뢰성 향상에도 기여할 수 있을 것으로 생각되었다. With difficulties during the cleaning of reflow flux residues due to the decrease of the part size and interconnection pitch in the advanced electronic devices, the need for the no-clean solder paste is increasing. In this study, an epoxy curable solder paste was made with SAC305 solder powder and the curable flux of which the main ingredient is epoxy resin and its reflow solderability, flux residue corrosivity and solder joint mechanical properties was investigated with comparison to the commercial rosin type solder paste. The fillet shape of the cured product around the reflowed solder joint revealed that the curing reaction occurred following the fluxing reaction and solder joint formation. The copper plate solderability test result also revealed that the wettability of the epoxy curable solder paste was comparable to those of the commercial rosin type solder pastes. In the highly accelerated temperature and humidity test, the cured product residue of the curable solder paste showed no corrosion of copper plate. From FT-IR analysis, it was considered to be resulted from the formation of tight bond through epoxy curing reaction. Ball shear, ball pull and die shear tests revealed that the adhesive bonding was formed with the solder surface and the increase of die shear strength of about 15~40% was achieved. It was considered that the epoxy curable solder paste could contribute to the improvement of the package reliability as well as the removal of the flux residue cleaning process.

Printing Morphology and Rheological Characteristics of Lead-Free Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu (SAC) Solder Pastes

Sharma, Ashutosh,Mallik, Sabuj,Ekere, Nduka N.,Jung, Jae-Pil The Korean Microelectronics and Packaging Society 2014 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.21 No.4

Solder paste plays a crucial role as the widely used joining material in surface mount technology (SMT). The understanding of its behaviour and properties is essential to ensure the proper functioning of the electronic assemblies. The composition of the solder paste is known to be directly related to its rheological behaviour. This paper provides a brief overview of the solder paste behaviour of four different solder paste formulations, stencil printing processes, and techniques to characterize solder paste behaviour adequately. The solder pastes are based on the Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu alloy, are different in their particle size, metal content and flux system. The solder pastes are characterized in terms of solder particle size and shape as well as the rheological characterizations such as oscillatory sweep tests, viscosity, and creep recovery behaviour of pastes.

다양한 크기의 솔더 파우더를 이용한 솔더 페이스트의 저장안정성 향상에 관한 연구

임찬규,권보석,손민정,김인영,양상선,남수용,Lim, Chan-Kyu,Gyun, Bo-Suk,Son, Min-Jung,Kim, Inyoung,Yang, Sangsun,Nam, Su-Yong 한국분말야금학회 2017 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.24 No.5

Solder paste is widely used as a conductive adhesive in the electronics industry. In this paper, nano and microsized mixed lead-free solder powder (Sn-Ag-Cu) is used to manufacture solder paste. The purpose of this paper is to improve the storage stability using different types of solvents that are used in fabricating the solder paste. If a solvent of sole acetate is used, the nano sized solder powder and organic acid react and form a Sn-Ag-Cu malonate. These formed malonates create fatty acid soaps. The fatty acid soaps absorb the solvents and while the viscosity of the solder paste rises, the storage stability and reliability decrease. When ethylene glycol, a dihydric alcohol, is used the fatty acid soaps and ethylene glycol react, preventing the further creation of the fatty acid soaps. The prevention of gelation results in an improvement in the solder paste storage ability.

솔더 페이스트의 용융현상 연구

김문일,안병용,정재필 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2001 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.8 No.1

SMT(Surface Mount Technology)패키징 공정에서 발생하는 솔더 페이스트의 용융거동과 브릿지 현상을 관찰하였다. 이를 위하여 Cu 패드위에 Sn-37%Pb 조성의 솔더 페이스트를 인쇄하였으며, 인쇄된 PCB기판을 솔더의 융점($183^{\circ}C$)이상으로 가열하였다. 이 때에 페이스트의 용융거동을 조사하기 위하여 CCD카메라를 이용하여 근접촬영하였다. 솔더링시 솔더 페이스트가 용융.응집되는 과정을 규명하기 위하여 동일한 조성의 0.76 mm직경을 갖는 두 개의 솔더 볼을 사용하여 모델링 하였다. 솔더 페이스트의 용융거동을 관찰한 결과 페이스트는 인쇄된 부분의 가장자리에서 안쪽으로 녹아들어가는 모습을 보였다. 또한, 페이스트의 높이는 가열 초기 270 $\mu\textrm{m}$에서 가열후 약 35초 경과시 200 $\mu\textrm{m}$로 줄어들었다가 최종적으로 250 $\mu\textrm{m}$로 다시 증가하였으며, 이 때 용융된 페이스트 내에서 기포가 방출되었다. 솔더볼의 용융모델에서 용융온도가 $280^{\circ}C$인 경우에 솔더볼의 접촉면적과 솔더링 시간 사이에는 $\chi^2/t=4r \; \gamma/\eta=7.56 m^2$/s의 관계식이 성립됨을 알 수 있었다. Melting behavior and bridge phenomenon of solder paste, which is essential for surface mount technology in pachaging, were investigated. Solder paste of Sn-37%Pb was printed on Cu-pattern of PCB, and heated over melting point. Melting behavior of the paste was observed using CCD-camera. In order to modelize the melting and agglomeration phenomena of paste, two solder balls of 0.76 mm diameter were used. As experimental results, the paste start to melt from the margin of the printed shape. The height of the melted paste decreased from 270 $\mu\textrm{m}$ to 200 $\mu\textrm{m}$ firstly, and finally recovered to 250 $\mu\textrm{m}$ During the melting procedure, pores were evolved from the molted paste. Concerning melting model of solder ball, relationship between contact area of solder ball and soldering time was derived as $\chi^2/t=4r \; \gamma/\eta=7.56 m^2$/s at $280^{\circ}C$.

Sn-58Bi 솔더 페이스트와 ENIG 표면 처리된 기판 접합부의 계면 반응 및 접합강도

신현필,안병욱,안지혁,이종근,김광석,김덕현,정승부,Shin, Hyun-Pil,Ahn, Byung-Wook,Ahn, Jee-Hyuk,Lee, Jong-Gun,Kim, Kwang-Seok,Kim, Duk-Hyun,Jung, Seung-Boo 대한용접접합학회 2012 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.30 No.5

Sn-Bi eutectic alloy has been widely used as one of the key solder materials for step soldering at low temperature. The Sn-58Bi solder paste containing chloride flux was adopted to compare with that using the chloride-free flux. The paste was applied on the electroless nickel-immersion gold (ENIG) surface finish by stencil printing, and the reflow process was then performed at $170^{\circ}C$ for 10 min. After reflow, the solder joints were aged at $125^{\circ}C$ for 100, 200, 300, 500 and 1000 h in an oven. The interfacial microstructures were obtained by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the composition of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) was analyzed using energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Two different IMC layers, consisting of $Ni_3Sn_4$ and relatively very thin Sn-Bi-Ni-Au were formed at the solder/surface finish interface, and their thickness increased with increasing aging time. The wettability of solder joints was investigated by wetting balance test. The mechanical property of each aging solder joint was evaluated by the ball shear test in accordance with JEDEC standard (JESD22-B117A). The results show that the highest shear force was measured when the aging time was 100 h, and the fracture mode changed from ductile fracture to brittle fracture with increasing aging time. On the other hand, the chloride flux in the solder paste did not affect the shear force and fracture mode of the solder joints.

Solder Paste로 접합된 비아볼의 Ball-off에 관한 연구

김경수,김진영,Kim, Kyoung-Su,Kim, Jin-Young 한국전기전자재료학회 2004 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.17 No.6

Package reliability test was conducted to investigate the effect of solder paste composition at BGA Package. It was found that the shape and size of the phase form are affected by the processing parameters. The material have used to fill in the via was Sn/36Pb/2Ag and Sn/0.75Cu type solder paste. Sn/36Pb/2Ag and Sn/0.75Cu paste were fabricated on Tape-BGA substrates by screen printing process, and via ball mount data were characterized with variations of dwell time of 85 seconds at reflow peak temperature at 22$0^{\circ}C$ or 24$0^{\circ}C$. The test condition was MRT 30 $^{\circ}C$/60 %RH/96 HR. Failures formed of a ball-off in solder paste process were observed by using a Optical Microscope and SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope). It was concluded that intermetallic layer growth played important roles in increasing solder fatigue strength for addition of Ag composition. The degradation of shear strength of solder composition is discussed.

마이크로 솔더링을 위한 레이저 및 Laser-Assisted Bonding (LAB) 기술의 최근 발전과 Mini-LED에의 적용

구준호,정재필 대한용접접합학회 2024 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.42 No.4

Advancements in laser soldering and laser-assisted bonding (LAB) have revolutionized electronic manufacturing by enhancing solder joint formation with precise control, reduced thermal impact, and improved reliability. These technologies are crucial for high-density assemblies in advanced electronics, supporting miniaturization and increasing functionality. This paper introduces recent advancements in laser and LAB technologies for micro-soldering. The paper describes Nd:YAG and diode lasers, their micro-soldering results, the microstructure of the solder joint, and the author's LAB application to mini-LEDs using type-8 SAC305 solder paste. Future advancements in laser technology will further improve soldering and bonding techniques to ensure the reliability and performance of smaller, more complex electronic devices.

Characterization of a Hybrid Cu Paste as an Isotropic Conductive Adhesive

Yong-Sung Eom,Kwang-Seong Choi,Seok-Hwan Moon,Jun-Hee Park,이종현 한국전자통신연구원 2011 ETRI Journal Vol.33 No.6

As an isotropic conductive adhesive, that is, a hybrid Cu paste composed of Cu powder, solder powder, and a fluxing resin system, has been quantitatively characterized. The mechanism of an electrical connection based on a novel concept of electrical conduction is experimentally characterized using an analysis of a differential scanning calorimeter and scanning electron microscope energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The oxide on the metal surface is sufficiently removed with an increase in temperature, and intermetallic compounds between the Cu and melted solder are simultaneously generated, leading to an electrical connection. The reliability of the hybrid Cu paste is experimentally identified and compared with existing Ag paste. As an example of a practical application, the hybrid Cu paste is used for LED packaging, and its electrical and thermal performances are compared with the commercialized Ag paste. In the present research, it is proved that, except the optical function, the electrical and thermal performances are similar to pre-existing Ag paste. The hybrid Cu paste could be used as an isotropic conductive adhesive due to its low production cost.

솔더 포일을 이용한 무플럭스 솔더링에 관한 연구

신영의,김경섭 대한용접접합학회 1998 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.16 No.5

This paper describes fluxless soldering of reflow soldering process using solder foil instead of solder pastes. There is an increasing demand for the reliable solder connection in the recent high density microelectronic components technologies. And also, it is problem fracture of an Ozone layer due to freon as which is used to removal of remained flux on the substrate. This paper discussed joining phenomena, boudability and joining processes of microelectronics devices, such as between outer lead of VLSI package and copper pad on a substrate without flux. The shear strength of joints is 8 to 13 N using Sn/Pb (63/37 wt.%) solder foil with optimum joining conditions, meanwhile, in case of using Sn/In (52/48 wt.%) solder foil, it is possible to bond with low heating temperature of 550 K, and accomplish to high bonding strength of 25N in condition heating temperature of 650K. Finally, this paper experimentally shows fluxless soldering using solder foil, and accomplishes key technology of microsoldering processes.