Effect of Carbonized Rice Hull Application on Increasing Soil Carbon Storage and Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions during Chinese Cabbage Cultivation

Woo-Kyun Park,Gun-Yeob Kim,Sun-Il Lee,Joung-Du Shin,Hee-Young Jang,Un-Sung Na,Kyu-Ho So 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.2

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of carbonized rice hull (CRH) application on soil carbon storage and N₂O emissions from upland soil. It was used at different rates of 0, 5, 10 and 20 Mg ㏊<SUP>-1</SUP>. During the Chinese cabbage cultivation, several soil chemical characteristics such as soil moisture, temperature and soil carbon were observed. Also, CO₂ and N₂O emissions were monitored. Soil organic matter contents slightly increased with carbonized rice hull applied in all the treatments. The soil carbon contents with application rate of 0, 5, 10 and 20 Mg ㏊<SUP>-1</SUP> were 0, 1.3, 1.2 and 2.6 g ㎏<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. It was observed that soil carbon content was higher with increasing CRH application rate. Total nitrogen contents of soil applied with CRH relatively decreased with the course of time. However, NO3-N contents in the soil with CRH application rate of 5, 10 and 20 Mg ㏊<SUP>-1</SUP> were 28.6, 25.7 and 21.5 ㎎ ㎏<SUP>-1</SUP> at the end of experiment, respectively. CO₂ emission at the 5 Mg ㏊<SUP>-1</SUP> application of CRH was higher about 18.9% than non-treatment, whereas those of 10Mg ㏊<SUP>-1</SUP> and 20 Mg ㏊<SUP>-1</SUP> treatment were lower 14.4% and 11.8% compared to non-treatment, respectively.Also, it was shown that N₂O emission reduced by 19.9, 28.3 and 54.0% when CRH was applied at 5, 10 and 20Mg ㏊<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively.

Effect of Carbonized Rice Hull Application on Increasing Soil Carbon Storage and Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions during Chinese Cabbage Cultivation

박우균,김건엽,이선일,신중두,장희영,나운성,소규호 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.2

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of carbonized rice hull (CRH) application on soil carbon storage and N2O emissions from upland soil. It was used at different rates of 0, 5, 10 and 20 Mg ha-1. During the Chinese cabbage cultivation, several soil chemical characteristics such as soil moisture, temperature and soil carbon were observed. Also, CO2 and N2O emissions were monitored. Soil organic matter contents slightly increased with carbonized rice hull applied in all the treatments. The soil carbon contents with application rate of 0, 5, 10 and 20 Mg ha-1 were 0, 1.3, 1.2 and 2.6 g kg-1, respectively. It was observed that soil carbon content was higher with increasing CRH application rate. Total nitrogen contents of soil applied with CRH relatively decreased with the course of time. However, NO3-N contents in the soil with CRH application rate of 5, 10 and 20 Mg ha-1 were 28.6, 25.7 and 21.5 mg kg-1 at the end of experiment, respectively. CO2 emission at the 5 Mg ha-1 application of CRH was higher about 18.9% than non-treatment, whereas those of 10 Mg ha-1 and 20 Mg ha-1 treatment were lower 14.4% and 11.8% compared to non-treatment, respectively. Also, it was shown that N2O emission reduced by 19.9, 28.3 and 54.0% when CRH was applied at 5, 10 and 20 Mg ha-1, respectively.

The Changes of Soil Carbon as Affected by Several Kinds of Organic Material in Upland Soil

Hyeon-Suk Cho,Myung-Chul Seo,Jun-Hwan Kim,Wan-gyu Sang,Pyeong Shin,Jaekyeong Baek 한국토양비료학회 2018 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.51 No.4

Organic matter is a substance that contains carbon. When applied to soil, it can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil and supply nutrients to plants. Also, it is decomposed in soil due to microbe activity, or absorbed and utilized by crops. The remaining differential to materials is accumulated in the soil and increases the level of organic matter in soil. Given that the humidity and temperature are appropriate, and there are energy sources favorable for microbe activity, the decomposition rate is higher, thus resulting in the increase of the nutrient availability of crops. Therefore, we analyzed the types of carbon content according to time while cultivating beans in soil with 4 different kinds of organic matter applied. Total carbon content (TC) was higher in organic matter application than in control (non- organic matter). Among the other organic matters, it was especially high in livestock manure compost (LMC) application with 11.1 g kg<SUP>-1</SUP>. Hairy vetch (HV, 8.9 g kg<SUP>-1</SUP>), oil cake (OC, 8.9 g kg<SUP>-1</SUP>), and rice straw (RS, 8.2 g kg<SUP>-1</SUP>) did similar. According to soil carbon form, Humin carbon(HnC) had the highest total carbon contrast of 62.0 %, Humic acid carbon(HaC) had 19.6%, and Fulvic acid carbon(FaC) had 18.1%. This pattern was the same in both control and organic matter application. Every type of carbon was the highest in LMC application. TC levels were temporarily high in June, which was after organic matter application, and decreased. It was higher than any other organic matter application in LMC. HaC increased in May and June which was when the organic matter was applied, slightly decreased in July, and were the highest in LMC with TC. FaC slowly increased after organic matter application until March and slowly decreased afterwards. It was highest in LMC, and similar in HV, OC, and RC, which shows that it had the smallest difference of content between kinds of organic matter. HnC inclined to decrease slowly as time passed after organic matter application, but rapidly increased in July and June. Also, it was the highest in LMC, and similar in HV, OC, and RC. Therefore, it was concluded that LMC, which had a high level of humin carbon that is difficult to decompose, was the best for accumulating carbon in soil.

Effects of organic amendments on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) growth and soil chemical properties in acidic and non-acidic soils

강윤구,이준영,김준호,오택근,윤여욱 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2023 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.50 No.4

Soil acidification challenges global food security by adversely influences soil fertility and agricultural productivity. Carbonized agricultural residues present a sustainable and ecofriendly way to recycle agricultural waste and mitigate soil acidification. We evaluated the effects of organic amendments on lettuce growth and soil chemical properties in two soils with different pH levels. Carbonized rice husk was produced at 600℃ for 30 min and rice husk was treated at 1% (w·w-1). Carbonized rice husk increased soil pH, electrical conductivity, total carbon content, and nitrogen content compared with untreated and rice husk treatments. Furthermore, this study found that lettuce growth positively correlated with soil pH, with increasing soil pH up to pH 6.34 resulting in improved lettuce growth parameters. Statistical correlation analysis also supported the relationship between soil pH and lettuce growth parameters. The study findings showed that the use of carbonized rice husk increased the constituent elements of lettuce, such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphate content. The potassium content of lettuce followed a similar trend; however, was higher in acidic soil than that in non-acidic soil. Therefore, improving the pH of acidic soil is essential to enhance agricultural productivity. It is considered advantageous to use agricultural residues following pyrolysis to improve soil pH and agricultural productivity.

Effect of Carbonized Rice Hull Application on Increasing Soil Carbon Storage and Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions during Chinese Cabbage Cultivation

Park, Woo-Kyun,Kim, Gun-Yeob,Lee, Sun-Il,Shin, Joung-Du,Jang, Hee-Young,Na, Un-Sung,So, Kyu-Ho 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.2

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of carbonized rice hull (CRH) application on soil carbon storage and $N_2O$ emissions from upland soil. It was used at different rates of 0, 5, 10 and $20Mg\;ha^{-1}$. During the Chinese cabbage cultivation, several soil chemical characteristics such as soil moisture, temperature and soil carbon were observed. Also, $CO_2$ and $N_2O$ emissions were monitored. Soil organic matter contents slightly increased with carbonized rice hull applied in all the treatments. The soil carbon contents with application rate of 0, 5, 10 and $20Mg\;ha^{-1}$ were 0, 1.3, 1.2 and $2.6g\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. It was observed that soil carbon content was higher with increasing CRH application rate. Total nitrogen contents of soil applied with CRH relatively decreased with the course of time. However, $NO_3$-N contents in the soil with CRH application rate of 5, 10 and $20Mg\;ha^{-1}$ were 28.6, 25.7 and $21.5mg\;kg^{-1}$ at the end of experiment, respectively. $CO_2$ emission at the $5Mg\;ha^{-1}$ application of CRH was higher about 18.9% than non-treatment, whereas those of $10Mg\;ha^{-1}$ and $20Mg\;ha^{-1}$ treatment were lower 14.4% and 11.8% compared to non-treatment, respectively. Also, it was shown that $N_2O$ emission reduced by 19.9, 28.3 and 54.0% when CRH was applied at 5, 10 and $5Mg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively.

Differences in soil aggregate, microbial biomass carbon concentration, and soil carbon between Pinus rigida and Larix kaempferi plantations in Yangpyeong, central Korea

박찬우,손요환,고수인,윤태경,한새롬,이궁,조우용,Lixia Jin,이선정,노남진,정혜근 한국산림과학회 2012 Forest Science And Technology Vol.8 No.1

This study was conducted to examine the soil aggregate distributions and their relationship with microbial biomass carbon (C) concentration and soil C in Pinus rigida and Larix kaempferi plantations. Soil samples of 0–10 cm,10–20 cm, and 20–30 cm depth were collected and the microbial biomass C concentration was measured. The soils were then classified into four aggregate size classes by wet-sieving procedure [large macroaggregate (>2000 ㎛),small macroaggregate (250–2000 ㎛), microaggregate (53–250 ㎛), and silt-plus-clay (<53 ㎛)] and the C content of each aggregate size class was analyzed. The L. kaempferi plantation contained more macroaggregate over 250 ㎛than the P. rigida plantation did. The mean weight diameter (MWD) of the soil aggregate up to 30 cm depth was 1.26 mm and 1.45 mm in the P. rigida and L. kaempferi plantations, respectively, and it decreased with soil depth. The microbial biomass C concentration up to 30 cm depth was 510 ㎍ C g soil^-1 for the P. rigida plantation and 764 ㎍ C g soil^-1 for the L. kaempferi plantation, and it was greatest in the surface soil in both plantations. The mean soil C concentration up to 30 cm depth was 2.00% for the P. rigida plantation and 2.88% for the L. kaempferi plantation. In both plantations, the soil C concentration was higher in the surface soil than in the deep soil. However,there was no significant difference of C concentration among the soil aggregate size classes. The soil C content up to 30 cm depth in the P. rigida and L. kaempferi plantations were 47.69 Mg ha^-1 and 61.49 Mg ha^-1, respectively, and were also higher in the surface soil than in the deep soil. In both plantations, macroaggregate contained more C content than microaggregate did. The microbial biomass C and soil C concentrations were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the L. kaempferi plantation than in the P. rigida plantation due to the effect of species difference. The MWD and C content tended to be greater in the L. kaempferi plantation than in the P. rigida plantation, but the differences were not significant. In this study, the soil aggregate size, microbial biomass C and soil C concentrations were positively correlated with one another.

동국대학교 옥상녹화 지역의 식생 및 토양특성 변화

이상진 ( Sang Jin Lee ),박관수 ( Gwan Soo Park ),김동일 ( Dong Il Kim ),이동근 ( Dong Kun Lee ),길승호 ( Sung Ho Kil ),장성완 ( Seong Wan Jamh ),박범환 ( Beom Hwan Park ),윤준영 ( Jun Young Yun ),장관우 ( Kwan Woo Jang ),이호영 ( 한국환경복원기술학회 2013 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.16 No.1

This study was to provide the base data on the status of vegetations and soils in green roofs by analyzing the soil and vegetation characteristics of 4 green roofs in Dongguk University in September 2012. Sanglokwon(SW), Dongguk Hall(DH), University Library(UL), and Information and Culture Hall P(IC) were established in 2005, 2008, 2009, and 2010, respectively. The areas of green roofs were 700m2, 2,300m2, 1240m2, and 640m2 in SW, DH, UL, and IC respectively. The investigated floras of vascular plants were 26 families, 55 genera, 65 species in Snglokwon(SW), 53 families, 99★ genera, 112 species in Dongguk Hall(DH), 43 families, 77 genera, 84 species in University Library(UL), and 41 families, 71 genera, 75 species in Information and Culture Hall P(IC), respectively. A positive correlation is shown between the number of plant species and planting area. Total nitrogen, organic matter, and potassium in soil have positive correlation with the number of plant species. The number of plant species was proportional to area and increased more than twice after planting. About a quarter of the invaded plants (including native and naturalized species) were naturalized plants. The total soil depths including vegetation soil and drainage soil at SW, DH, UL. and IC were 20cm, 10cm, 10cm, and 8cm, respectively, The depths of vegetation soil at SW, DH. UL, and IC were <7cm, <3cm, <2cm, and <2cm respectively. The soil pH in vegetation soil ranged from 5.22 to 5.36, and from 6.13 to 6.39 in drainage soil. Available-P concentration ranged from 10.17 to 18977rng/kg in vegetation soil and from 6.70 to 81.17mg/kg in drainage soil. Carbon concentration in vegetation soil ranged from 2.93 to 9.70%, and 2.93 to 9.70% in drainage soil. Carbon contents in 20cm, 10cm, 10cm, and 8cm soil depths were 2.62kg/m2, l.89kg/m2, 0.SOkg/m2, and 0.53kg/rn2 at SW, DH, UL, and IC, respectively.

Effects of Biomass Application on Soil Carbon Storage and Mitigation of GHGs Emission in Upland

박우균,김건엽,이선일,신중두,장희영,나운성,소규호 한국토양비료학회 2015 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.48 No.5

This experiment was carried out to find out the mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission and changes of soil carbon contents in the cropland. In order to minimize the soil disturbance, this study was conducted without crop cultivation at the pots treated with different biomass. Different biomass was buried in the soil for 12 months. Decomposition rates of expander rice hull, pig manure compost and carbonized rice hull were 18%, 11~11.5% and 0.5~1.2%, respectively. It was appeared that carbonized rice hull was slightly decomposed. No difference was shown between chemical fertilizer treatment plot and non-application plot. It was appeared that soil carbon content in the non chemical fertilizer application plot was high when compared to its chemical fertilizer. Its content at soil depth of 20 cm more decreased than the upper layer of soil. Accumulative emission of CO2 with different treatments of biomass was highest of 829.0~876.6 g CO2 m-2 in the application plot of PMC (Pig Manure Compost) regardless of chemical fertilizer treatment during 16 months of experiment. However, the emission for expander rice hull treatment plot was lowest of 672.3~808.1 g CO2 m-2. For application plot of the carbonized rice hull, it was shown that non chemical fertilizer plot, 304.1 mg N2O m-2, was higher than the chemical fertilizer treatment, 271.6 mg N2O m-2. Greenhouse gas emissions in the PMC treatment were highest of 0.94 ton CO2 eq ha-1 yr-1. However, it was estimated to be the lowest in the expander rice hull treatment.

Effects of Biomass Application on Soil Carbon Storage and Mitigation of GHGs Emission in Upland

Woo-Kyun Park,Gun-Yeob Kim,Sun-Il Lee,Joung-Du Shin,Hee-Young Jang,Un-Sung Na,Kyu-Ho So 한국토양비료학회 2015 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.48 No.5

This experiment was carried out to find out the mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission and changes of soil carbon contents in the cropland. In order to minimize the soil disturbance, this study was conducted without crop cultivation at the pots treated with different biomass. Different biomass was buried in the soil for 12 months. Decomposition rates of expander rice hull, pig manure compost and carbonized rice hull were 18%, 11~11.5% and 0.5~1.2%, respectively. It was appeared that carbonized rice hull was slightly decomposed. No difference was shown between chemical fertilizer treatment plot and non-application plot. It was appeared that soil carbon content in the non chemical fertilizer application plot was high when compared to its chemical fertilizer. Its content at soil depth of 20 cm more decreased than the upper layer of soil. Accumulative emission of CO₂ with different treatments of biomass was highest of 829.0~876.6 g CO₂ m<SUP>-2</SUP> in the application plot of PMC (Pig Manure Compost) regardless of chemical fertilizer treatment during 16 months of experiment. However, the emission for expander rice hull treatment plot was lowest of 672.3~808.1 g CO₂ m<SUP>-2</SUP>. For application plot of the carbonized rice hull, it was shown that non chemical fertilizer plot, 304.1 mg N₂O m-2, was higher than the chemical fertilizer treatment, 271.6 mg N₂O m<SUP>-2</SUP>. Greenhouse gas emissions in the PMC treatment were highest of 0.94 ton CO₂ eq ha<SUP>-1</SUP> yr<SUP>-1</SUP>. However, it was estimated to be the lowest in the expander rice hull treatment.

Effects of Biomass Application on Soil Carbon Storage and Mitigation of GHGs Emission in Upland

Park, Woo-Kyun,Kim, Gun-Yeob,Lee, Sun-Il,Shin, Joung-Du,Jang, Hee-Young,Na, Un-Sung,So, Kyu-Ho 한국토양비료학회 2015 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.48 No.5

This experiment was carried out to find out the mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission and changes of soil carbon contents in the cropland. In order to minimize the soil disturbance, this study was conducted without crop cultivation at the pots treated with different biomass. Different biomass was buried in the soil for 12 months. Decomposition rates of expander rice hull, pig manure compost and carbonized rice hull were 18%, 11~11.5% and 0.5~1.2%, respectively. It was appeared that carbonized rice hull was slightly decomposed. No difference was shown between chemical fertilizer treatment plot and non-application plot. It was appeared that soil carbon content in the non chemical fertilizer application plot was high when compared to its chemical fertilizer. Its content at soil depth of 20 cm more decreased than the upper layer of soil. Accumulative emission of $CO_2$ with different treatments of biomass was highest of 829.0~876.6 g $CO_2m^{-2}$ in the application plot of PMC (Pig Manure Compost) regardless of chemical fertilizer treatment during 16 months of experiment. However, the emission for expander rice hull treatment plot was lowest of 672.3~808.1 g $CO_2m^{-2}$. For application plot of the carbonized rice hull, it was shown that non chemical fertilizer plot, 304.1 mg $N_2Om^{-2}$, was higher than the chemical fertilizer treatment, 271.6 mg $N_2Om^{-2}$. Greenhouse gas emissions in the PMC treatment were highest of 0.94 ton $CO_2eqha^{-1}yr^{-1}$. However, it was estimated to be the lowest in the expander rice hull treatment.