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Formalin Application for the Treatment of Radiation- Induced Hemorrhagic Proctitis
이선일,박윤아,손승국 연세대학교의과대학 2007 Yonsei medical journal Vol.48 No.1
Radiation-induced hemorrhagic proctitis (RIHP) is a serious complication of pelvic irradiation, and a 4% formalin solution has been used for 20 years in treating this sequelae. The first case involving formalin application for treatment of RIHP in Korea was reported in 1996, but there are no additional studies beyond this date. Our study reviews the use of formalin instillation and selective application. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the outcome of such treatments, beginning with the first case at our hospital. From 1996 to 2005, five RIHP patients had received formalin treatment for RIHP symptoms intractable to other medical treatments. All treatments were performed by a single surgeon in the operating room, under spinal anesthesia or intravenous sedation. The mean duration of symptoms before treatment was 15.6 months (which was longer than in other studies), and the transfusion before treatment varied from once per month to twice per week. Using sigmoidoscopy, 100ml of a 4% formalin solution was instilled directly (or by using a formalin-soaked gauze) and irrigated for five minutes. Formalin-soaked cotton was then applied selectively to focal remnant lesions. Four patients improved after the first treatment, but one patient received the treatment twice because of recurrent symptoms. Complications after treatment included perianal pain (one case), and aggravated incontinence (one case), which improved three months after conservative management. In conclusion, the formalin combination application method in our study is comparable to other formalin treatments for intractable RIHP. Key Words: Radiation-induced hemorrhagic proctitis, formalin
이선일 한국하이데거학회 2007 현대유럽철학연구 Vol.0 No.15
Heidegger's being-historical destruction of Kant's thesis about being Lee, sun-il Heidegger ventures to destruct being-historically Kant's thesis about being. In the thesis, being means the positing. Being as the positing is related to the concept of being in the traditional metaphysics which tried to secure a being as what is constantly present by letting a being lie before us from the outset. But being in the sense of originary Greek thought is not being in the sense of enduring presencing. On the contrary the Greeks understood being as the self-clearing and enduring presence in so far as a being as what is for a while draws near them constantly. But Kant's thesis about being makes no explanation of it. For Kant also, being remains only as what is worthy of thought. Therefore Kant's thought is confronted with a limitation being-historically in so far as his thought doesn't bring being to language as what is singularly thoughtworthy for thinking. Nevertheless it doesn't mean that Kant's thesis about being has no significance within the history of metaphysics. On the one hand, in so far as being as the positing is based upon being in the sense of enduring presencing, Kant's thesis about being succeeds successfully the traditional metaphysics which understands being as hypokeisthai. On the other hand Kant's thesis about being plays a role as a predecessor that makes possible German Idealism which interprets being as absolute concept speculative-dialectically. Namely from the viewpoint of being-history Kant's thesis about being makes a peak which mediates the traditional metaphysics and German Idealism. 문】하이데거는 칸트의 존재 테제에 대한 존재 역사적 해체를 단행한다. 존재 테제에서 존재는 정립을 의미한다. “정립으로서의 존재”는, 존재자를 앞에 놓여 있게 함으로써 존재자를 지속적으로 현전하는 것으로 확보하고자 했던 전통적 형이상학의 존재 개념과 관련된다. 그러나 시원적인 그리스적 사유의 의미에서 존재는 “지속적 현전”이 아니다. 오히려 그리스인들은 “그때마다-머물러 있는 것”으로서의 존재자가 자신들에게 끊임없이 닥쳐올 때, 그렇게 “자신을 밝히면서 지속적으로 가까이 다가와 있음”을 존재로서 이해했다. 그러나 칸트의 존재 테제는 이에 대한 아무런 해명도 한 바 없다.존재는 칸트에게서도 여전히 “사유할 가치가 있는 것”으로 남아 있을 뿐이다. 따라서 칸트의 사유가 존재를 “사유에 의해 그야말로 사유할 가치가 있는 것”으로서 언어에로 가져오지 못하는 한, 그의 사유도 존재 역사적 한계에 봉착한다. 그러나 이렇다고 해서 칸트의 존재 테제가 형이상학의 역사 안에서 아무런 의의도 갖지 못하는 것은 아니다. 한편으로, “정립으로서의 존재”가 “지속적 현전”으로서의 존재 이해를 바탕으로 성립하는 한, 칸트의 존재 테제는 존재를 휘포케이스타이로 이해한 전통적 형이상학을 훌륭하게 계승하고 있다. 또한 다른 한편으로 칸트의 존재 테제는 존재를 사변적-변증법적 차원에서 절대적 개념으로 해석한 독일관념론을 가능하게 한 선도자의 역할을 하고 있다. 즉 존재 역사적 차원에서 보자면, 칸트의 존재 테제는 전통적 형이상학과 독일관념론을 매개하는 절정이 된다.
Analysis of Research Trends in Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Upland in Korea
이선일,이창규,김건엽,권효숙,이종식,최은정,신종두 한국토양비료학회 2019 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.52 No.4
Global climate change, especially global warming is considered as threat to our future and posterity. Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gas such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are the main causes of global warming. The Korean government has set a goal to cut the carbon emissions by 37% based on business-as-usual levels by 2030. According to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), agricultural sector is an important source of greenhouse gas emissions. In this regard, it is common belief that reducing of such emission is of great significance to global climate change. In Korea, upland is one of the main sources of agricultural N2O emission. In order to analyze domestic research trends related to N2O emissions in the upland, 53 academic publications from 2009 to September 2019 were critically reviewed. The results were classified according to the research purposes. Reduction technologies of N2O emission account for approximately 28.3%. N2O characteristics and assessment for 24.5%, development of N2O emission factors for 22.6%, and N2O inventory assessment for 20.8% etc. Biochar, green manure, no tillage, and inhibitor were studied as a means of reducing N2O release. The optimum technologies to reduce N2O emission in Korea were discussed and proposed through the previous researches.