사회보장법의 역사 - 왜, 무엇을 어떻게 연구·서술할 것인가?

전광석 한국사회보장법학회 2017 사회보장법학 Vol.6 No.2

Social security law is, on the one hand, instrumental to legalize the social policy decision in the field of social security. On the other hand social security law is assigned to guide the policy decision prospectively and review its confirmity with the normative framework. Concerning the latter assignment social security law should be incorporated into the constitutionals law, international law and other basic norms, and formed in the process of respecting or overruling values chosen in other fields of the relevant norms. Social security law consist of the legislation of the parliament as well as administration. Social security is differentiated from the civil and criminal as follows. The legislator of the civil and criminal law tries to form the normative order in that the individuals are able to exercise the free will according to the criteria given by the norm. In contrast social security law should reflect the contemporary social problem timely and properly, and hereby make possible, abstractly through social insurance or concretely through social assistance, to form a decent life based on the human dignity. Because of the result-oriented task of social security law it is revised shortly and its normative system ist complex. This shows that the study of social security law is closely related with the history of it. The motive of the continuing revision results from the review on the confirmity of the past norm with the social problem of the past and present. For that reason one cannot realize the norm and social problem of the present without understanding the relative characteristics and speciality of the period. In addition one can to some degree forecast the prospective development even though it is not possible to predict in concrete. This article aims to describe some preceding questions for study of social security history recognizing that fact that the social security law history is prerequisite to further understanding the norm and fact as well as their interrelation. 사회보장법은 한편으로는 시대의 사회문제에 대한 정책을 충실하게 규범화하는 수 단이지만, 다른 한편 사회보장에 관한 결정을 사전적으로 선도하고 사후적으로 심 사하는 기준이 되기도 한다. 후자의 관점에서 사회보장법은 헌법, 국제법 및 기본법 등 실질적으로 상위법에 해당하는 규범체계에 편입되고, 또 같은 효력단계에 있는 규범에 체화되어 있는 가치와 경합하면서 형성된다. 이때 사회보장법의 법원(法源) 은 국회제정법과 행정입법으로 구성된다. 사회보장법은 민법, 형법 등 전통적인 규 범과 구별되는 특성을 갖는다. 민법 및 형법 등은 개인의 행위에 대한 기준으로 제시 하여 질서를 형성하고 이와 같은 규범질서에서 자유로운 결정을 보장하는 기능을 갖는다. 이에 비해서 사회보장법은 시대의 사회문제를 적시에 적합하게 수용하여 모든 개인이 인간다운 생활을 할 수 있는 상태를 추상적으로 혹은 구체적으로 실현 하는 과제를 갖는다. 이와 같이 결과를 지향하는 목적을 갖기 때문에 사회보장법은 규범체계가 복잡하고, 또 자주 개정된다. 이 점은 사회보장법의 연구가 역사연구와 밀접한 관련이 있다는 점을 알려준다. 과거의 규범이 과거, 그리고 현재의 사회문제 와 정합성을 갖는가의 문제는 지속적인 개정의 계기가 된다. 그 결과 과거의 시대적 상대성과 특수성에 대한 이해가 없이 현재의 규범 및 사회문제가 충실히 파악될 수 없다. 또 사회보장법의 역사성을 인식했을 때 앞으로 사회보장법의 발전방향을 정 확히 알 수는 없더라도 어느 정도 예측할 수 있다. 이 글은 사회보장법의 역사연구가 필수적이라는 점을 인식하고 연구를 수행하는데 제기되는 선행과제를 정리하는 목 적을 갖는다. 연구의 목적, 연구 및 서술의 방법론, 시대구분과 관련된 중요한 쟁점 을 다루었다.

법은 큰 강이다. 그 강은 없는 자에게도 흘러야 한다. : 이흥재 교수님 사회보장법 수업 인터뷰 자료집 분석

차성안 서울대학교 법학연구소 2012 서울대학교 法學 Vol.53 No.1

Despite the devoted efforts of hidden specialists group on social security, most of Korean legislations on social security through the military dictatorial regime of ex-presidents Park Jeong-hee and Jeon Du-whan could not go beyond the category of nominal legislations with the purpose of mitigating the complaints of the lower classes and obtaining the legitimacy of the regime. Due to the weakening of the characteristic as a right and low level of benefits, the accumulation of court decisions on social security was very slow. In light of this fact, a qualitative study on the reality of social security through personal interview could be a good way of grasping the actual effectiveness of social security law. Concerning this, it is very encouraging that many interviews on the beneficiaries of social security benefits have been accumulated by many students in the Professor Lee Heung Jae's social security law classes of Seoul National University. Through the analysis of the ten volumes interviews during the past 15 years, this thesis tried to describe the aspects of changes of social security reality during the past 15 years. The analysed interviews consist of 227 cases : 56 cases (24.7%) on "the elderly", 52 cases (22.9%) on "the disabled", 55 cases (24.2%) on "poverty problems", 7 cases (3.1%) on "the homeless", 15 cases (6.6%) on "industrial accident", 11 cases (4.8%) on "children and juveniles". The conclusions of the analysis are as follows. First, the trend of improvement of social security benefits in the long run is acknowledged. "Spread of welfare services closely linked with livelihood beyond simple economic support", "improvement of medical and educational services on the poor", "betterment of educational services on the disabled children and transportation services for the disabled", "the massive appearances of people engaged in welfare areas and increase of their roles", "the increase of demand for independent life by industrial accident victims and the disabled who have been isolated in institutions or home in the meantime" and etc. are good examples. However, these positive changes are not sufficiently supported by the legal system due to some limitations as follows. Too narrow gap between common benefit and conditional benefit weakens the beneficiaries's desire to work. The government is not active in offering jobs to the disabled, and there is no effective method to cope with the government's violation of the compulsory employment rate for the disabled employees. The law on industrial accident compensation insurance seems focused mainly in "compensation" itself and could not cover "the re-socialization of victims". Furthermore, we need to pay attention to the fact that in reality, problems such as poverty, disability, aging and industrial accident are overlapping. For example, an industrial accident victim usually ends up being disabled and suffers from poverty. In the poverty-stricken home, child is likely to be exposed to many problems and the elderly are likely to be abandoned. In order to cope with these problems, more detailed welfare delivery system needs to be established and more comprehensive welfare services fit for beneficiaries needs to be provided. In the administration of social security policy, the beneficiaries' personal dignity should be respected carefully. For instance, rental apartment for the poor has "stigma effect" and many young students who are residing there feels shameful. The elderly suffer not only from poverty and health problems but also from loneliness. In our analysis, we could also recognize the changes in the attitudes of the interviewing students as well. Although there are some considerable differences between students, the early interviews tend to show that interviewers consider the beneficiaries as "subjects" for their research and fix their interviews according to their own knowledge and view on social security. They are mainly interested in economic level of benefits. But more recent interviews try to represent the beneficiaries' independent point of view by using direct quotation or summarizing the interviews matter-of-factly and their interest go beyond economic dimension and extend to personality- related dimension such as "cultural life of the poor", "stigma effect caused by social security benefits", "loneliness", "the infringement of personality through disability rating" and etc.

사회보장입법의 현황과 과제

홍완식 한국입법학회 2009 입법학연구 Vol.5 No.-

The substantial contents of social basic rights, which are clearly stipulated in the Constitution, are realized and embodied through social security legislation. Social security legislation forms and concretizes social basic rights, so technically the principle of legal saving is applied. Thus, social security legislation is the frame in which social security policies are contained; hence, social security policies should be legally based on social security legislation. In order to examine current situation and problems of social security legislations, this study categorized the scope of the legislations and investigated into recently legislated major social security acts, social insurance act, public assistance act and the acts concerning social security. In addition, it examined the ongoing processes to introduce bills about social security in the 17th National Assembly. In terms of listening to public’s demands for welfare and realizing social justice and fair distribution, this study considered social security legislation system of advanced countries, and it concluded that the range of social security application should be extended by modifying, complementing or mutually connecting relevant acts. The democracy and efficiency of social security system also need to be guaranteed, and so do extension of entitlement of social security and substantial reflection of the publics’ demands and opinions. Another problem is that the links among systems and integrated coordination has not been realized since individual acts concerning social security had been enacted separately. Hence, it is necessary to modify related acts and unify the terms. In addition, the changes in social security legislation are also necessary in order to reflect the changes in employment, demographic structure, family structure and the role of women. The tasks to be solved in terms of social welfare-related acts are as follows. It needs to enhance the level of social welfare and systemize the related acts based on its category, in terms of contents and forms respectively. In the end, it will contribute to establishing more comfortable system to both officials and recipients.

사회보장발전 지표 개발 및 적용 연구 : 경기도를 중심으로

김희연,유병선,염일열,김영수 재단법인 경기연구원 2021 GRI 연구논총 Vol.23 No.4

Although the social security disparity between regions is recognized as a social problem, researches on developing indicators to measure this are insufficient. The purpose of this study is to develop appropriate indicators to measure the level of local social security in Gyeonggi-do, where the disparity in local social security between regions is large, and to diagnose the level of social security by applying them to regions. Through the Delphi survey and AHP analysis method, five important areas were selected to measure the disparity in social security levels: child care, elderly care, health, housing, and public support, and a total of 15 indicators were developed, three appropriate indicators for measuring the disparity in each area. The most recent statistical data of 15 indicators were obtained and converted into standardized scores for relative comparison. As a result, it was found that the outskirts of northern, eastern, and southern Gyeonggi-do are underdeveloped areas with social security, forming a “social security vulnerable belt” shaped like the alphabet C upside down. Through the index derived from the study, it was possible to grasp the level of social security of 31 local governments in Gyeonggi-do. However, since the values of the selected indicators were not at the same point in time, it was difficult to accurately determine the level at a specific point in time. In addition, there was a limitation to grasping changes such as improvement or deterioration by analyzing only the level at a specific point in time. The policy proposals of this study are as follows. First, it is to regularly conduct fact-finding surveys to understand the level of local social security. Second, special social security support zones are designated and supported for vulnerable areas. Third, it is to establish an intermediate support organization for the development of local social security and to continuously manage local social security.

일본의 사회보장(social security) 용어의 수용과 변용, 한국에서의 함의

전호성(Jun, Ho-sung) 한국정치사회연구소 2021 한국과 국제사회 Vol.5 No.5

우리나라에서 사회보장이란 용어에 대한 정의와 범주가 명확하지 않고 사회복지라는 용어와 혼용 혹은 혼동되어 사용되고 있다. 일본에서는 일본국헌법 제25조에 사회보장이라는 용어가 사용되었는데 이는 맥아더 헌법초안 social security가 사회적 안녕과 생활의 보장을 거쳐 사회보장으로 정착되었다. 맥아더헌법초안의 social security는 social welfare의 구체적인 시책 중의 하나로 나열된 것으로 헌법 상에서는 사회적 안녕에서 (사회복지를 포함하는) 공공의 복지로 다시 생활의 보장으로 변경되었으며 최종적으로 사회보장으로 표현되었다. 일본국헌법, 맥아더헌법 초안, 미국의 사회보장법의 모태가 되는 루즈벨트 대통령 의회 특별교서는 security를 the security of the home, the security of the livelihood, the security of social insurance 으로 설명하고 있다. 이에 따르면 사회보장은 주거보장, 생계보장, 사회보험의 보장인 것이다. 오늘 날, 사회주의 국가의 몰락과 자본주의 국가의 변화 등을 고려한다면 향후 다가올 새로운 시대의 새로운 형태의 사회보장이나 다른 대체어(개념)의 발굴 및 재정립은 필수불가결 할 것이다. The In Korea, the definition and category of the term social security is not clear and is used interchangeably or confused with the term social welfare. In Japan, the term social security was used in Article 25 of the Constitution of Japan, which was established as social security through the guarantee of social well-being and living of the draft MacArthur constitution. The social security of the draft MacArthur Constitution is listed as one of the specific policies of social welfare. Under the constitution, social security was changed from social well-being to public welfare (including social welfare), and finally it was expressed as social security. The Japanese Constitution, the draft MacArthur Constitution, and the special text of the Roosevelt Congressional Assembly, the birthplace of the American Social Security Act, describe security as the security of the home, the security of the livelihood, the security of social insurance. According to this, social security is housing security, livelihood security, and social insurance.

사회보장수급권의 절차법적 보장에 관한 소고

이호용(Lee, HoYong) 한양법학회 2009 漢陽法學 Vol.27 No.-

Completion of Social security relies on democratic condition. Because, when democracy generally takes root in the citizens, the fair concerns and values deliver the whole people of each class. The age of authority have been gone and the age of democracy have been come, In this time falling behind of social security law and policy is the main problem to be overcome. Social security is a part of administration that is emphasized importance of procedure than other field of general administration. Specially it is more important than anything else to guarantee equally social security benefit rights that is based on demander centralism. On character of social security standpoint of demander is more important than that of supplier. For actualization of social security by demander centralism it is the most important thing is to ensure administrative procedure appropriately. In administrative procedure of social security, it is important as follows; provision of information that let benefit object know what benefit, how and how much receives; endowment of hearing procedure when he is received non-proper benefit. In this paper, I intend to invest problem and actual state of administrative procedure in social security field, and suggest revision of administrative procedure, specially I refer to japanese law and policy about social security because japanese law and policy about social security is very similar with those of Korea, and benefits of National Basic Life Guarantee among the whole of social security is subject matter, because that is the most fundamental and important field of social security.

사회보장플랫폼에 관한 고찰 - 돌봄영역에서의 행동설계 기반 플랫폼을 중심으로 -

장봉석 ( Jang Bong-seok ),김석진 ( Kim Seok-jin ) 한국사회보장학회 2019 사회보장연구 Vol.35 No.2

현대사회의 화두 중 하나인 ‘4차 산업혁명’은 사물인터넷, 인공지능, 빅데이터, 로봇, 정보통신기술 등 다양하게 표현되기도 하는바, 이는 첨단과학기술이 문화, 경제, 산업, 생활, 복지 등 사회 여러 부문에 융합되어 나타나는 변화를 포괄하는 개념으로 이해할 수 있다. 이는 우리 국가정책에도 반영되어 있는데, 특히 최근 발표된「지역사회 통합 돌봄 기본계획 : 노인 커뮤니티 케어 추진계획」에도 나타나고 있다. 즉, 구체적인 추진 로드맵에는 사회보장정보시스템과 지역보건의료정보시스템간의 연계 고도화를 통해 통합플랫폼을 구축하고, 노인 등의 이동지원, 정서지원 내지 안전, 건강관리 등이 가능하도록 IoT, AI, ICT 등을 활용한 커뮤니티 케어 리빙랩을 설치·운영하겠다는 내용 등이 포함되어 있다. 이러한 상황 속에서 본고에서는 먼저 우리 사회보장에 관한 전자적 업무수행을 위한 정보시스템에 대해 간략히 살펴보았다. 즉, 사회보장기본법의 취지·내용 및 이 법의 적용범위에도 불구하고 사회보장정보시스템이 복지서비스 중심에 머물러 있고, 향후 추진계획에도 지역보건의료정보시스템과의 연계만을 고려하고 있기 때문에, 보건의료기본법이나 사회보장에 관한 다른 하위법률에 규정되어 있는 시스템과의 연계 내지 통합적 관리라는 측면에서 보면 여전히 보완해야 할 점이 있다고 평가할 수 있다. 이러한 인식을 바탕으로 본고는 사회보장플랫폼이라는 용어를 채택하여 네 가지 측면 즉, 사회보장플랫폼의 개념, 구축방향, 구체적인 구축방안 및 이와 관련된 법·제도적 과제를 제시하되 다만, 연구범위를 돌봄영역 특히 노인분야로 한정하여 논의를 전개하였다. 그러한 이유는 사회보장 영역이 매우 방대하기 때문에 이를 하나의 연구에서 모두 다룰 수는 없다는 점을 고려한 결과이다. 4차 산업의 하나로 간주되는 플랫폼 안에는 M2M, ICT, IoT, 인공지능, 빅데이터 등과 같은 첨단기술이 서로 치밀하게 고도화되어 연결되고, 그것이 상호 역동적으로 확장되는 상황이 전개될 것으로 예측되는바, 결국 생산·관리 및 거버넌스 전체 시스템의 변화를 예고하고 있다. 게다가 4차 산업혁명기술이 보여주는 사례는 어떤 측면에서는 의도적이든 그렇지 않든 AIP 내지 커뮤니티 케어를 염두에 두고 있는 지도 모른다. 즉, 사회보장플랫폼에서도 그대로 유효하다는 것이다. 특히 여기에 여러 다른 기술이 접목되는 경우 사회보장이나 사회복지분야에 미칠 영향이나 변화의 정도는 우리가 생각하는 이상으로 큰 규모일 수도 있다는 것이다. 따라서 여기에서 다루고 있는 내용들이 우리 사회보장체계와 시스템 전반에 관한 검토와 더불어 향후 방향을 제시할 뿐만 아니라 각 분야별 정비를 통해 우리의 사회보장서비스가 그 역할을 제대로 작동하고 유지하는데 조금이나마 기여할 수 있기를 기대해 본다. The ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’, which is one of the hot topics of modern society, is expressed in various ways including Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), big data, robot and information and communication technology (ICT). This can be understood as a concept that encompasses the changes which occur as a result of convergence of advanced science and technology in various sectors of society such as culture, economy, industry, life, and welfare. This is also reflected in our national policies, especially in the recently announced, “Basic plan for integrated community care: Plan for the care of the elderly community”. Specifically, detailed implementation roadmap includes building an integrated platform through the advanced linkage between social security information system and local health information system, and installing and operating a community care living lab that uses IoT, AI, and ICT to enable mobility support and emotional support for the elders, as well as safety and health care for the elders. In this context, the present study first has briefly reviewed the information system for the electronic work related to social security. Despite the nature, content, and scope of the Framework Act on Social Security, social security information system focuses mainly on welfare services, considering only the linkage with local healthcare information system in its future plan. Accordingly, the social security information system can still be assessed as having limitations in terms of connection with the system specified in the Framework Act on Social Security or other subordinate laws on social security, or in terms of their integrated management. Based on the recognition of this problem, this paper has adopted a term, social security platform, to suggest four aspects including concept of social security platform, direction of its establishment, concrete establishment plan and related legal and institutional issues, while limiting the scope of research to care, especially care for elders. The reason for limiting the research scope is that the domain of social security is so vast that it cannot be addressed within one study. In the platform considered as belonging to the quaternary industry, advanced technologies such as M2M, ICT, IoT, AI, and big data are closely linked to each other, and a situation in which they expand mutually and dynamically is expected to evolve, which eventually foretells the change in the entire system including production, management and governance. In addition, the cases for the fourth industrial revolution technology may intentionally or unintentionally consider AIP or community care in certain aspects. In this respect, it is valid in the social security platform as well. In particular, when many different technologies are combined here, their impacts on social security or social welfare as well as their degree of change can be larger than expected. Thus, the content addressed in this paper, as well as the review of the social security system and the system as a whole are expected to provide directions for the future, and contribute to ensuring proper functioning and maintenance of social security services by examining each sub-field.

개정된 사회보장기본법에 따른 사회보장법체계의 재검토

조만형 한국공법학회 2013 공법연구 Vol.41 No.3

The Framework Act on Social Security, which is on the top of social security laws, was completely reformed on January 26, 2012, and has its implementation ahead on January 27, 2013, and other 30 or so welfare laws were enacted or amended. This has brought up the need to reexamine wholly the system of the social security law. The legal system is divided into two. The outer system sets up the external scope, on the other hand the inner system unifies all the principles of law. This manuscript attempts to define the outer and inner system of social security law according to the new Framework Act on Social Security. The new Framework Act on Social Security provided ‘Social Service’ as a new system in addition to the traditional forms such as the social insurance and the public assistance. Analysing this Act, I found that the new terminology of ‘Social Service’ was introduced to include both the ‘Relevant Social Welfare Regime’ and the ‘Social Welfare Service’ that consist of the ‘Social Security’ in the old Framework Act on Social Security. Therefore, the old concepts of Social Welfare Service and the Relevant Social Welfare Regime should not be discarded, but used as academical concept tools the way they have been up to now. Furthermore, it is rational that the area of ‘Social Compensation’ should be embraced into the system of social security considering its welfare motive. In the sense of the pursuit of study, the system of the social security law is made up of the social insurance law, the public assistance law, the social welfare service law and the social compensation law. I intended to enhance the degree of the constitutional completion by systemizing the inner system of social security law with common characteristics of the each constituent laws. 2012년 1월 26일 사회보장법의 최정점에 있는 총칙적인 사회보장기본법이 전면적으로 개편되어 2013년 1월 27일 시행에 들어갔으며, 30여개의 복지법들이 제정 또는 개정되었다. 이에 따라 사회보장법체계를 재검토할 필요성이 제기되었다. 법체계란 구성적 체계, 즉 외적 범위를 설정하는 외적체계와 체계 내에 있는 법들의 통일적인 법원리를 나타내는 내적체계로 살펴볼 수 있는 바, 본고에서는 개정된 사회보장기본법에 따라 내적ㆍ외적 법체계 정립을 시도하였다. 개정된 사회보장기본법에서는 사회보장을 전통적 유형인 사회보험과 공공부조 외에 새로운 체계로서 사회서비스를 내용으로 구성한다고 규정하였다. 분석의 결과 ‘사회서비스’라는 새로운 용어는 구 사회보장기본법의 사회복지서비스와 관련복지제도를 포함하여 일컫는 용어로서 도입되었음을 알 수 있었으며, 따라서 구 사회보장법체계의 사회복지서비스 개념과 관련복지제도의 개념을 폐기할 것이 아니라 학문적 도구로서 그대로 사용하는 것이 좋다고 판단되었다. 그러나 관련복지제도는 너무 넓은 개념이어서 사회보장법체계 속에 편입시키는 것은 무리라고 분석되었으며, 다만 사회보상 영역을 심도있게 살펴본 결과 사회보장법체계에 포섭하는 것이 사회보상의 복지적 성질을 고려할 때 합리적인 것으로 판단되었다. 이와 같이 강학상의 사회보장법체계는 사회보험법과 공공부조법, 사회복지서비스법 그리고 사회보상법으로 구성적 체계를 이룬다고 보았고, 이들 구성 영역을 형성하고 있는 영역의 법률들이 지닌 공통적 속성을 밝히는 내적체계화를 시도함으로써 구성적 체계에 관한 완성도를 높였다.

사회보장법의 권리론적 해석체계 정립방안

박승두 ( Park Seung-du ) 한국외국어대학교 법학연구소 2013 외법논집 Vol.37 No.1

What was different about the recent presidential election was that, unlike the previous ones, there were a lot of promises made regarding the improvement of social welfare system. In modern-day welfare states, Social Law, such as labor law and social security law, are said to have as much powerful effect on people’s leaving as civil law and commercial law, the representative categories of Civil Law. However, the idea of securing people’s social rights has not been utilized by the nations until the end of World War II and does not have an organized standard or ‘system’ of its application. Besides, the political, economic and academic differences among the nations who put the vague idea into law, along with its distinct history of legislation in each country, have made it all the more difficult for most of the people to be fully aware of what the idea really was. In Korea the situation is even worse. As the proper interpretive system has not been firmly established, the legal coverage provided by the social security law stand far below average. The quality and the number of research findings on social security law also fall too short. As we are still stagnant at the first stage of effective legislation of social security system, our nation is in desperate need of a system that could help us come up with better legal mechanism. The biggest problem is that we are still at the state where we tend to not look at social security law as the collective idea of securing the rights of every man, but as individual provisions that have no relation to one another. The legal interpretation on social security law so far has been made from the perspective of ① current law and ② administrative law, ③ based on the benefits of those who called for the law to protect his/her own rights. Korea is developing into a decent welfare state. The government has set aside more than 10 trillion won for welfare from the 2013’s overall budget(342 trillion won). Upon entering the era like this, it is essential that we get out of the old-fashioned way of accepting social rights of the people, and establish firm foundation of social security. Finding out how a citizen’s right of claim for social security holds its legitimacy would be a start. Article 34, section 1 of the constitution stipulates the right for every citizen to live worthy as a human being, and section 2 specifies the duty of the government to secure its citizen’s social security and improve social welfare. Strictly speaking, although we were able to infer the idea of social security out of the existing legal statements, there were no specific article or clause that made it official. Thus, it is required that some constitutional reform be made to lend sufficient weight to the legal effect of social security rights. What might emerge as the following task is specifying the details that constitute the social security rights. The details will cover guaranteeing ① the right to claim for compensation in case of social risk, ② the right to live with at least basic living in lacks of earning ability, ③ the right to claim special legal/financial protection and others.

평화통일과정에서 남북한 사회통합을 위한 사회보장의 방향

이희완 사단법인 한국평화연구학회 2008 평화학연구 Vol.9 No.2

This study was conducted to examine directions of social security in the process of Korean unification. It is assumed that Korea will be unified peacefully under the state in which socio-economic similarity between South Korea and North Korea is gradually intensified, achieving successful economic reform of North Korea. As South Korea was established on the basis of liberal democracy and market oriented economic system, social security was conceptualized as the supplemental measures. Thus social security has been gradually institutionalized. Social security is mainly categorized into social insurance, public assistance, and social welfare services. On the other hand, socialist system and ideology was reflected in the North Korean social security system. North Korea has pursued ‘universalization of social security’ through national monopoly of means of production. National social insurance system and national social security system have been institutionalized in North Korea. The distribution system and relief system have been also introduced as kinds of public assistance. Medical security of North Korea is characterized as free medical service system. It is epoch-marking that North Korea has introduced capitalist principle of social security system, while starting new projects of Sinuiju Special Administration District, Kaesong Industrial Complex, and the Resort Area of Mt. Geumgang. Considering the new trend of North Korean social security system, developmental social security system must be established in the unified Korea. It must also reflect merits of two Korean social security systems. It is suggested in this study that the directions of South and North Korean social security are emphasis of Korean traditional values, strengthening of state responsibility, taking middle-course between efficiency and equality, and acceptance of collectivism and universalism. 본 연구에서는 북한이 개혁과 개방을 성공적으로 이루어 나가면서 점진적으로 남북한의 사회경제제도상의 동질성이 강화된 상태에서 남북한이 평화통일을 이룰 것이라는 전제하에 통일한국에 있어서 사회보장의 방향을 모색했다. 남한은 국가형성의 기본원리로 자유민주주의와 시장경제를 채택함에 따라 국가가 잔여적 복지를 담당하고 점차 사회보장을 제도화하는 방향으로 나아갔다. 사회보장의 일환으로 사회보험, 공공부조, 그리고 사회복지서비스가 주된 영역으로 운영되고 있다. 사회보험은 연금보험, 건강보험, 산업재해보상보험, 고용보험, 노인장기요양보험이란 5대 사회보험의 골격을 갖추게 되었고, 공공부조로는 국민기초생활보장, 의료급여, 재해구호 등이 시행되고 있다. 그리고 사회복지서비스는 영유아, 아동, 청소년, 노인, 장애인, 모․부자, 정신질환자, 부랑인 등을 대상으로 각각의 법이 제정되어 제공되고 있다. 북한의 사회보장제도는 사회주의 체제와 이념의 성격을 그대로 반영하고 있다. 북한체제의 성격상 생산수단의 국가독점을 통해 ‘보장의 보편성’을 추구하고 있다. 북한은 사회보험에 해당되는 연금제도, 산업재해보상제도, 고용제도가 각각 독립된 법적 체계를 가지고 형성된 것이 아니라 남한과 달리 국가사회보험제도와 국가사회보장제도 내에 통합된 형태로 각기 나열되어 있다. 북한의 공공부조로는 의 · 식 · 주 배급제와 구호제가 있으며, 의료보장은 무상치료제로 특징지어 진다. 한편 북한이 신의주특별행정구와 개성공단조성사업 및 금강산관광사업을 시행하면서 새로운 자본주의적 사회보장원리를 도입한 것은 획기적이다. 보수조합주의적 복지국가 형태로의 남북한의 사회보장제도를 통합하는 것이 바람직하다고 볼 때 통일한국이 지향해야 할 사회보장의 방향으로 한민족 전통가치 중시, 국가책임의 강화, 효율과 평등의 절충, 그리고 집합주의와 보편주의의 수용 등을 들 수 있다. 남북한의 사회보장제도가 통일 이후 남북한 주민의 통합기제로 작용할 수 있도록 면밀한 준비가 필요하다. 분단되었던 남북주민이 동등한 국민으로서의 존엄성을 인정받아야 한다는 국민적 권리의 차원에서 시회보장체계의 통합이 모색되어야 한다.