아동기에서 초기 청소년기로의 전환기 동안 사회적 위축 발달궤적에 미치는 부모의 과잉간섭의 영향과 또래유능성의 동시 및 지연효과

김윤경(Yoon Kyung Kim),박주희(Ju Hee Park) 한국아동학회 2018 아동학회지 Vol.39 No.4

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the developmental trajectories of social withdrawal in the transition from childhood to early adolescence and to predict the effects of intrusive parenting and peer competence on the trajectories of social withdrawal. Methods: Participants were 2,119 children from the Korean Children & Youth Panel Survey [KCYPS]. Data from the 4th and 6th grade in elementary school, and from 7th grade (1st grade in middle school) were used to analyze the developmental trajectory of social withdrawal. Intrusive parenting (4th grade) and peer competence (4th, 6th, and 7th grades) were included as predictors. Results: First, the social withdrawal increased during the transition from childhood to early adolescence. Additionally, the higher the intercept of social withdrawal, the more slowly social withdrawal increased. Second, the intercept of social withdrawal was found to be higher when social withdrawal (3rd grade) was higher, being higher in girls than in boys, and intrusive parenting was higher. The level of intrusive parenting had a negative influence on the slope of withdrawal. Third, peer competence reduced social withdrawal at that time, and peer competence of the previous period was shown to have a negative effect on the social withdrawal of the later period. Conclusion: The results suggested that early interventions are needed to prevent social withdrawal during the transition from childhood to early adolescence. As also suggested, parents should encourage their child`s independence from early childhood, for it is necessary in helping them learn peer interaction skills to reduce social withdrawal.

Effects of Social Support on Achievement Motivation and School Adaptation of Multicultural Adolescents: Focusing on Mediating Effect of Social Withdrawal

최소연(Choi, So-yun) 호남대학교 인문사회과학연구소 2021 인문사회과학연구 Vol.64 No.4

본 연구는 청소기 사회적 관계에서 중요한 비중을 차지하는 친구와 교사의 지지가 다문화청소년의 성취동기와 학교적응에 미치는 영향을 사회적 위축의 매개효과를 중심으로 검증하였다. 청소년기는 사회적 관계를 확장해 나가는 시기로 환경과의 다양한 상호작용을 통해서 자신과 집단정체감을 구체화하는 시기이다. 그러나 다문화청소년의 경우는 학업중단이나 학교생활 부적응 비율이 비다문화학생에 비해 높은 것으로 보고되고 있으며 왕따의 경험이나 학교폭력의 비해 비율도 높은 것으로 보고되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 가장 최근 데이터인 8차 다문화청소년패널데이터를 활용하여 다문화청소년에 대한 친구와 교사의 지지의 수준을 파악하고 이러한 사회적 지지가 사회적 위축을 매개로 다문화청소년의 학교적응과 성취동기에 미치는 영향을 구조방정모형을 통해 확인하였다. 연구결과, 사회적지지의 하위요인인 교사와 친구의 지지는 다문화청소년의 성취동기와 학교적응에 직접 영향을 미쳤다. 교사지지는 사회적 위축에 직접 영향을 미치지 않았고 교사의 지지가 사회적 위축을 매개로 성취동기와 학교적응에 미치는 매개영향은 통계적으로 유의미하지 않았다. 그러나 친구지지는 사회적 위축에 직접영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 사회적 지지-사회적위축-성취동기 및 학교적응의 구조모형은 통계적으로 유의미한 것으로 확인되었다. 연구결과를 토대로 다문화청소년의 학교적응을 위한 함의를 제시하였다. This study examines the effects of friend support and teacher support, which play an important role in social relationships among adolescents, on the achievement motivation and school adaptation of multicultural adolescents, focusing on the mediating effect of social withdrawal. Adolescence is a time to expand social relationships and to materialize a sense of self and collective identity through various interactions with the environment. However, in the case of multicultural adolescents, it is reported that the rate of school dropout or school maladjustment is higher than that of non-multicultural students and the rate of victims of bullying or school violence is also reported to be higher. Therefore, this study examined the level of support of friends and teachers for multicultural adolescents by using the most recent 8th Multicultural Youth Panel data and identified the effect of such social support on school adaptation and achievement motivation of multicultural adolescents and the mediating effect of social withdrawal through a structural equation model. As a result of this study, the support of teachers and friends as sub-factors of social support directly affected the achievement motivation and school adaptation of multicultural adolescents. However, teacher support did not directly affect social withdrawal, and accordingly, the effect of teacher support on achievement motivation and school adaptation through the mediating effect of social withdrawal was not significant. However, friend support was found to have a direct effect on social withdrawal, and in the structural model of social support social withdrawal achievement motivation and school adaptation, friend support was found to affect achievement motivation and school adaptation through the mediating effect of social withdrawal. Based on the results of this study, implications for school adaptation of multicultural adolescents were presented.

대학생의 거부민감성이 사회적 위축을 매개로 사회불안에 미치는 영향

김은정(Kim Eun-Jeong),정문경(Jeong Moon-Kyeong) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2021 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.21 No.9

목적 본 연구의 목적은 대학생의 거부민감성과 사회불안의 관계에서 사회적 위축의 매개효과를 검증하는 것이다. 방법 연구를 위한 자료는 수도권에 재학 중인 374명의 대학생으로 자기 보고식 질문지를 통해 수집하였다. 사용한 검사는 거부 민감성 척도, 사회적 위축척도, 사회적 상호불안 척도를 사용하였다. 연구대상자의 일반적 특성을 알아보기 위해 기초통계를 실시하였고 구조방정식 모형을 통해 주요 변수 간의 상관관계를 검증하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 23.0과 AMOS 23.0을 이용하여 분석하였다. 결과 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 거부 민감성은 사회적 위축, 사회불안과 유의미한 상관이 있으며, 사회적 위축은 사회불안과 유의미한 정적상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 거부 민감성이 높을수록 사회적 위축과 사회불안도 높아진다는 것을 의미한다. 둘째, 대학생의 거부 민감성과 사회불안의 관계에서 사회적 위축의 영향을 알아보기 위해 연구모형인 부분 매개모형과 경쟁모형인 완전 매개모형을 설정하여 비교한 결과 완전 매개모형이 더 적합함을 확인하였다. 결론 이는 대학생의 거부 민감성과 사회불안의 관계에서 사회적 위축이 완전 매개효과를 보인다는 것을 의미한다. 이러한 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 대학생의 거부 민감성이 사회적 위축을 매개로 사회불안에 영향을 주는 것을 확인하였다. Objectives The goal of the present study was to investigate the relationship between rejection sensitivity and social unrest, and their effects on social withdrawal. Methods Research data were collected through self-report questionnaires completed by 374 university students currently enrolled in the Seoul area. The investigation used a rejection sensitivity scale, a social withdrawal scale, and a social mutual anxiety scale. Basic statistics were used to discover the general characteristics of research subjects, and the correlation of important variables was investigated through structural equation modeling. Gathered data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0. Results The research results are as follows: First, rejection sensitivity had a meaningful correlation to social withdrawal and social unrest, while social withdrawal showed a meaningful positive correlation to social unrest. This meant that a higher rejection sensitivity resulted in higher social withdrawal and higher social unrest. Second, in order to discover the influence of the relationship between rejection sensitivity and social unrest has on social withdrawal, the research model of a partially mediated model and the competition model of a fully mediated model were established and the results were compared, resulting in the confirmation of the fully mediated model as being more appropriate. Conclusions This means that the relationship of rejection sensitivity and social unrest in university students shows social withdrawal as a fully mediated effect. Based on the results, we have confirmed that university students’ rejection sensitivity influences social unrest by way of social withdrawal.

중학생의 사회적 성취목표지향성이 사회적 위축에 미치는 영향과 자기효능감의 매개효과

김예림(Ye Rim Kim),박주희(Ju Hee Park) 한국아동학회 2021 아동학회지 Vol.42 No.4

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of self-efficacy in the relationship between social achievement goals (mastery goal, performance-approach goal, and performance-avoid goal) and social withdrawal among middle school students. Methods: The participants in this study were 325 middle school students, ranging from first to third grade from seven middle schools. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was also used to investigate the mediating model. Results: The results of this study were as follows. First, the level of the social mastery goal and social performance-approach goal decreased students’ social withdrawal, and the level of the social performance-avoid goal increased it. Second, the level of the social mastery goal increased self-efficacy, whereas the level of social performance-avoid goal decreased it. The level of self-efficacy had a significantly negative influence on middle school students’ social withdrawal. Further, the level of self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between the social mastery goal and social withdrawal, and between the social performance-avoid goal and social withdrawal. Conclusion: In conclusion, the higher the level of social mastery goal, the higher the level of self-efficacy, and the lower the level of social performance-avoid goal, the higher the level of self-efficacy, and, consequently, the lower the level of social withdrawal. These outcomes suggest that it would be helpful to change the type of social achievement goals and that improving the level of self-efficacy of middle school students would contribute to reducing their social withdrawal.

청소년의 사회적 위축 발달 궤적: 친구관계와 교사관계의 동시 및 지연효과

김은예,한수연,원성준 한국청소년학회 2024 청소년학연구 Vol.31 No.1

The primary goal of this study was to investigate the developmental trajectory of social withdrawal during middle and high school periods and to examine the contemporaneous and lagged effects of peer and teacher relationships on social withdrawal at each time point. Data from the first year(7th grade) to the fifth year(11th grade) of the KCYPS 2018 middle school panel were used to conduct a latent growth modeling analysis. In addition, students' gender, family socioeconomic status, and subjective academic achievement were included as predictors of the initial value and change rate of the trajectory. Finally, the study evaluated the concurrent and lagged effects of peer and teacher relationships in predicting social withdrawal. The key findings are as follows: First, the pattern of change in social withdrawal showed a transitional effect, remaining constant during middle school and subsequently decreasing during high school. Second, gender, family socioeconomic status, and subjective academic achievement all significantly predicted the initial level of social withdrawal, but only gender significantly predicted changes in social withdrawal. Third, peer relationships showed contemporaneous effects in predicting social withdrawal at all time points, while teacher relationships only showed contemporaneous effects during middle school. Fourth, only peer relationships in the first year of middle school showed a lagged effect in predicting social withdrawal in the second year. Findings from this study highlight the need for differentiated intervention strategies in schools to reduce social withdrawal in middle and high school students.

청소년의 사회적 위축과 친구관계 간 자기회귀교차지연 효과분석

김영희(Yeong-hee Kim),김선미(Sun-mi Kim),김유미(Yumi Kim),정혜숙(Haesuk Jeong) 충북대학교 생활과학연구소 2023 생활과학연구논총 Vol.27 No.2

Background/Objectives: This study sought to examine the correlation between peer relationships and social withdrawal, an internalized difficulty, in terms of adolescents' interpersonal relationships for the positive development of adolescents. Methods: To this end, the study analyzed 3-year longitudinal data (N = 2,103) of first-year middle-school students from the 2018 Korean Child and Youth Panel Survey for mutual effects using an autoregressive cross-lagged model. Results: The social withdrawal and peer relationships of adolescents remained notable and stable from the first to third years of middle school. In addition, pre-time social withdrawal exerted a significant negative effect on subsequent peer relationships, whereas pre-time peer relationships exhibited no effect on subsequent social withdrawal. Thus, social withdrawal and peer relationships displayed a self-effect that stabilizes over time in contrast to social withdrawal, which presented a stronger self-effect and was a risk factor from which spontaneous recovery was difficult. Conclusion/Implications: This study is significant in that it reveals the importance of adolescents' psychological relationships by revealing that social withdrawal is a factor with a strong self-effect that is difficult to recover on its own. In addition, by predicting social withdrawal and longitudinal changes in peer relationships, we promoted the healthy development of adolescents and presented basic data necessary for education and counseling.

초기 청소년의 사회적 위축과 성인매체몰입의 상호영향관계: 부모 양육 태도의 조절효과

임하진(Lim, Hajin),고한솔(Ko, Hansol),김보영(Kim, Boyoung) 한국청소년정책연구원 2021 한국청소년연구 Vol.32 No.3

본 연구는 초기 청소년기의 사회적 위축과 성인매체몰입 간의 발달적 관계를 종단적으로 확인하고, 이러한 발달 관계가 청소년이 지각한 부모의 양육 태도에 따라 어떤 차이를 보이는지 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 한국청소년정책연구원의 아동청소년패널(KCYPS 2010) 중1 패널의 2차년도와 3차년도 데이터 중 성인매체 이용 경험이 있는 778명의 자료를 분석에 사용하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 자기회귀 교차지연 모형을 분석 결과, 청소년기의 사회적 위축과 성인매체몰입의 자기회귀 효과가 유의하였고 이를 통해 사회적 위축과 성인매체몰입이 시간에 따라 안정적으로 지속됨을 확인하였다. 또한, 해당 시기의 사회적 위축은 성인매체몰입에 대한 유의미한 교차지연 효과를 보였으나, 성인매체몰입은 사회적 위축에 유의한 교차지연 효과를 보이지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 다집단 분석을 통해, 사회적 위축의 교차지연 효과가 부모의 학대적 양육 태도에 의해 조절됨을 확인하였다. 학대 경험 집단에서 사회적 위축의 교차지연 효과가 유의미하였고, 비경험 집단에서는 이러한 교차지연 효과가 유의미하지 않았다. 본 연구 결과는 중학교 2∼3학년 시기에 이전 시점의 사회적 위축이 이후 시점의 성인매체몰입에 정적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 밝혔다. 또한 초기 청소년이 지각한 부모의 학대가 초기 청소년의 사회적 위축과 성인매체몰입 간의 시간적 선후 관계를 조절하고 있음을 시사한다. 마지막으로, 본 연구의 실천적 함의와 제한점, 그리고 후속 연구를 위한 제안점을 논의하였다. The purpose of this study was to explore the longitudinal relationship of social withdrawal and pornography addiction among adolescents, and to examine the role of parental abuse with respect to this relationship. The second and third wave data of Korea Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS) were used for the purposes of this analysis and the total number of subjects comprised 778 middle school students with experience of using sexually explicit media. The results based on multivariate autoregressive cross-lagged modeling indicated that social withdrawal and pornography addiction had an autoregressive effect, confirming that social withdrawal and pornography addiction were stably sustained over time. Social withdrawal had also a significant cross-lagged effect on pornography addiction, but pornography addiction did not show a significant cross-lagged effect on social withdrawal. Results from multigroup analysis revealed that the cross-lagged effect of social withdrawal was moderated via parental abuse: that is, the effect remained significant among the abused group, in contrast to the non-abused group. The results of the study implied that the problem of social withdrawal in grades 8 and 9 may contribute to pornography addiction. It also implied that parental abuse could moderate the relationship between social withdrawal and pornography addiction. The practical implications and limitations of these findings, along with suggestions for further research were also discussed.

부모의 부정적 양육태도와 청소년의 사이버 비행 가해 행동의 관계 : 사회적 위축과 핸드폰 의존도의 순차적 매개효과

이선화(Lee, Sun Hwa),이정수(Lee, Jeong Soo),오인수(Oh, In Soo) 연세대학교 교육연구소 2021 미래교육학연구 Vol.34 No.1

본 연구는 부모의 부정적 양육태도와 사이버 비행 가해 행동의 관계에서 사회적 위축과 핸드폰 의존도의 매개효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 한국아동·청소년 패널조사(KCYPS) 2018년 제1차 연도 자료 중 스마트폰을 사용하는 중학교 1학년 청소년 2541명(남학생 1,375명, 여학생 1,166명)을 대상으로 SPSS 25.0과 PROCESS Macro를 사용하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과 부정적 부모양육태도와 사이버 비행 가해 행동의 관계에서 핸드폰 의존도의 단순매개효과가 유의하였으며, 사회적 위축과 핸드폰 의존도의 순차적 매개효과 역시 통계적으로 유의하였다. 즉, 부모의 양육태도가 부정적일수록 자녀의 핸드폰 의존을 상승시켜 사이버 비행 가해 행동을 증가시켰으며, 사회적 위축이 높은 중학생은 핸드폰에 더 의존하게 되어 사이버 비행 가해 행동을 더 많이 하는 양상을 보였다. 그러나 사회적 위축이 사이버 비행 가해 행동을 직접적으로 예측하지는 못했다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 부모의 부정적 양육태도, 사회적 위축, 핸드폰 의존도를 함께 고려한 청소년의 사이버 비행 가해 행동 예방을 위한 개입의 시사점을 논의하였다. This study aimed to identify whether adolescents social withdrawal and smartphone dependency play a sequential mediating role in the relationship between adolescents cyberbullying perpetration and their parents negative child-rearing attitudes. For this purpose, 2,541 participants(1,375 male students, 1,166 female students)—smartphone users in their first year of junior high school—were drawn from the first-year data (2018) of the Korean Children and Youth Panel Study and analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and PROCESS Macro. This results were as follows. First, smartphone dependency had mediating effect on parents’ negative child-rearing and adolescents’ social withdrawal. Second, smartphone dependency had mediating effect on the relationship between parents’ negative child-rearing and adolescents’ cyberbullying perpetration, while social withdrawal did not. Third, social withdrawal and smartphone dependency showed sequential mediating effect on parents’ negative child-rearing and adolescents’ cyberbullying perpetration. Parents’ negative child-rearing negatively affected on adolescents’ smartphone dependency, and played a mediating role in social withdrawal. Additionally, parents’ negative child-rearing, by way of social withdrawal and smartphone dependency, had a sequential mediating effect on adolescents’ cyberbullying perpetration. Specifically, parents’ negative child-rearing increased adolescents’ social withdrawal, which increased smartphone dependency and contributed to adolescents’ cyberbullying perpetuation. These results indicated that the role of two variables-adolescents’ social withdrawal and smartphone dependency-as well as parents’ negative child-rearing should be considered in understanding adolescents’ cyberbullying perpetuation. Implication for promoting educational intervention and research for an integrated understanding of adolescents’ cyberbullying perpetuation were suggested based on the results.

비행경험 청소년의 자아존중감이 공격성에 미치는 영향: 사회적위축의 매개효과

박영숙 한국교정복지학회 2022 교정복지연구 Vol.- No.79

In the case of early adolescents, it has been reported that if they do not adequately radiate aggression, they are more likely to cause delinquency in the future. In addition, aggression in adolescence can predict not only current maladaptation but also future maladaptation, and is highly likely to continue as adult aggression. In addition to this, many studies claim that aggression is a major factor in adolescent delinquency. Regarding aggression, many scholars argue that self-esteem and social withdrawal are related to aggression. In other words, when self-esteem is high, aggression is low, and when the degree of social withdrawal is high, aggression is high. In this study, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the two, namely, to examine whether social withdrawal has a mediating effect in the process of self-esteem affecting aggression. As a result of the study, self-esteem was found to have a significant effect of wealth on social withdrawal. Also, social withdrawal was found to have a significant positive effect on aggression, and self-esteem was found to have a significant positive effect on aggression. Therefore, it can be seen that social withdrawal has a mediating effect in the process of self-esteem affecting aggression. As a result of bootstrapping to verify the mediating effect, the indirect effect of social withdrawal was significant in the process of self-esteem affecting aggression, indicating that self-esteem affects aggression through social withdrawal. 초기 청소년의 경우 공격성을 적절히 발산하지 못하면 향후 비행을 일으킬 가능성이 높은 것으로 보고되고 있다. 또한 청소년기의 공격성은 현재의 부적응 뿐아니라 미래의 부적응을 예측할 수 있으며 성인기의 공격성으로 지속될 가능성이 높다. 이 외에도 많은 연구에서 공격성은 청소년 비행의 주요 요인임을 주장하고 있어 청소년의 바람직한 성장과 발달을 위해서는 공격성을 줄이기 위한 관심과 노력이 필요하다. 공격성과 관련하여 많은 학자들이 자아존중감, 사회적 위축이 공격성과 관련이 있음을 주장하고 있다. 즉 자아존중감이 높으면 공격성이 낮고, 사회적 위축의 정도가 높으면 공격성도 높아진다는 것이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 이들 간의 관계를 알아보고자 하였는데 즉 자아존중감이 공격성에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 사회적 위축이 매개효과가 있는지를 검증해 보고자 하였다. 연구 결과, 자아존중감은 사회적위축에 유의미한 부의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 사회적위축은 공격성에 유의미한 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 자아존중감은 공격성에 유의미한 부의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 자아존중감이 공격성에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 사회적위축이 매개효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 매개효과의 검증을 위하여 붓스트래핑을 실시한 결과에서도 자아존중감이 공격성에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 사회적 위축의 간접효과가 유의한 것으로 나타나 자아존중감은 사회적위축을 매개로 공격성에 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다.

청소년의 사회적위축 수준에 따른 부모양육태도와 사이버비행에 관한 연구

김희진,김은주 동국대학교 경찰ㆍ범죄연구소 2023 형사사법연구 Vol.6 No.1

이 연구는 사회적위축 수준에 따른 통제변인의 영향력 차이를 중점으로 분석하며, 이 러한 차이가 부모양육태도와 사이버비행 간의 관계에도 영향을 미치는지 확인하고자 한다. 이를 위해 두 가지 연구질문을 설정하고 위계적 회귀분석을 진행하였다. 먼저 사회적위축 수준에 따라 통제변인인 성별 및 친구관계가 사이버비행에 미치는 영향의 차이가 있는지 확인하였다. 그 결과 사이버비행은 성별에 따라 유의한 차이를 보이지 않는 것으로 나타났으며, 친구관계는 사회적위축의 수준에 따라 사이버비행에 대한 영 향력의 차이를 보이는 것으로 확인되었다. 다음으로 전체모델에서 사회적위축 수준에 따라 긍정적 양육태도가 사이버비행에 미치는 영향력의 차이가 있는지 확인하였다. 그 결과 사회적위축이 낮은 집단은 긍정적 양육태도가 사이버비행에 유의한 부적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 사회적위축 수준이 높은 청소년들은 부모의 양육태도가 사이버비행에 미치는 영향이 유의하지 않은 것으로 확인되었다. 이 연구는 비록 회귀분석 모델의 결과변수 분산 설명력의 문제가 있었으나 다음과 같 은 의의를 갖는다. 먼저 사회적위축이 낮은 집단의 결과를 통하여 청소년비행 및 문제 행동에 대한 양육태도의 중요성을 다시금 강조하였다는 데 의의가 있다. 또한 사회적 위축이 높은 집단의 결과는 청소년의 사이버비행을 예방하거나 억제하기 위해서는 사 회적위축의 수준에 따른 개별적 접근이 필요함을 시사하였다. 특히 사회적위축이 높은 집단에서는 부모의 양육태도보다 친구관계가 사이버비행에 미치는 영향력에서 우세한 것으로 보이므로, 가정차원에서의 부모양육태도와 함께 학교에서의 교우관계 측면이 동시에 제고되어야 할 것이다. The first research question of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in the effect of gender and friend relationships, which are control variables, on cyber delinquency according to the level of social withdrawal. As a result, it was found that there was no significant difference in cyber delinquency according to gender, and it was confirmed that friendship showed a difference in influence on cyber delinquency according to the level of social withdrawal. The second research question was to determine whether there is a difference in the influence of positive parenting attitudes on cyber delinquency according to the level of social withdrawal in the overall model. As a result, in the group with low social withdrawal, it was found that positive parenting attitude had a negative effect on cyber delinquency. On the other hand, it was confirmed that the effect of parenting attitude on cyber delinquency was not significant for adolescents with a high level of social withdrawal. This study has the following significance. First of all, it is meaningful that the importance of parenting attitudes for juvenile delinquency and problematic behavior was re-emphasized through the results of the group with low social withdrawal. In addition, the results of the group with high social withdrawal suggest that individual approaches are needed according to the level of social withdrawal in order to prevent or suppress adolescent cyber delinquency. In particular, in the group with a high level of social withdrawal, the influence of friendship on cyber delinquency was more dominant than parenting attitude. Therefore, the aspect of peer relations in schools should be improved at the same time as the parental rearing attitude at the family level.