스키와 스노보드 사고에서 척추손상의 특징

차용성 ( Yong Sung Cha ),이강현 ( Kang Hyun Lee ),김선휴 ( Sun Hyu Kim ),장용수 ( Yong Su Jang ),김현 ( Hyun Kim ),신태용 ( Tae Yong Shin ),황성오 ( Sung Oh Hwang ) 대한외상학회 2007 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.20 No.1

Purpose: Few studies have been done for spinal injuries after skiing and snowboarding accidents. Assuming that the riding patterns of skiing and snowboarding were different, we analyzed the differences between the mechanisms, diagnoses and levels of spinal injuries caused by them. The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of spinal hazards associated with skiing and snowboarding in order to educate skiers and snowboarders. Methods: We conducted a prospective study of 96 patients who had sustained spinal injuries as a result of skiing and snowboarding accidents from January 2003 to March 2006. We used a questionnaire, radiological studies, history taking, and physical examinations. We analyzed the mechanism of injury, the level of spinal injury, the severity of spinal injury, and the Abbreviated Injury Scale scores (AIS score). We used the t-test and the chi-square test. Results: The skiing and the snowboarding injury group included in 96 patients. The skiing injury group included 30 patients (31.2%), and the snowboarding injury group included the remaining 66 patients (69.8%). The primary mechanism of injury in skiing was collisions and in snowboarding was slip downs (p=0.508). The primary level of spinal injury in skiing and snowboarding was at the L-spine level (p=0.547). The most common athlete ability of the injured person was at the intermediate level (p=0.954). The injured were most commonly at the beginner or the intermediate level (p=0.302). The primary diagnosis of spinal injury in skiing and snowboarding was back spain (p=0.686). The AIS scores did not differed between the two groups (p=0.986). Conclusion: The most common spinal injury after skiing and snowboarding accidents was back sprain. There was no difference in the severity of spinal injury between skiing and snowboarding accidents. (J Korean Soc Traumatol 2007;20:33-39)

스키와 스노보드 사고에서 두부손상의 특징

강성찬 ( Sung Chan Kang ),이강현 ( Kang Hyun Lee ),최한주 ( Han Joo Choi ),박경혜 ( Kyung Hye Park ),김상철 ( Sang Chul Kim ),김현 ( Hyun Kim ),황성오 ( Sung Oh Hwang ) 대한외상학회 2008 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.21 No.1

Purpose: Skiing and snowboarding are becoming increasingly popular. Accordingly, the incidences of injuries among skiers and snowboarders are also increasing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the injury patterns of and the contributing factors to head injuries of skiers and snowboarders and to evaluate the differences in characteristics between skiing and snowboarding head injuries. Methods: One-hundred patients who visited the emergency department of Wonju Christian Hospital between January 2005 and March 2007 due to head injuries from skiing and snowboarding were enrolled. The mechanisms and the histories of the injuries were investigated by surveying the patients, and the degrees of head injuries were estimated by using brain CT and the Glasgow Coma Scale. The degrees and the characteristics of brain injuries were also analyzed and compared between skiers and snowboarders. Results: Out of 100 patients, 39 were injured by skiing, and 61 were injured by snowboarding. The mean age of the skiers was 26.7±10.0, and that of the snowboarders was 26.7±6.2. The percentage of male skiers was 43.6%, and that of snowboarders was 63.9%. The most frequent initial chief complaints of head-injured skiers and snowboarders were headache and mental change. The most common mechanism of injuries was a slip down. The mean Abbreviated Injury Scale Score (AIS score) of the skier group was 4.5±2.1 and that of the snowboarder group was 5.9±5.0 (p=0.222). The percentage of helmet users was 7.1% among skiers and 20.8% among snowboarders (p=0.346). Head injuries were composed of cerebral concussion (92.0%) and intracranial hemorrhage (8.0%). Intracranial hemorrhage was most frequently caused by falling down (62.5%). Conclusion: The most common type of head injury to skiers and snowboarders was cerebral concussion, and severe damage was usually caused by jumping and falling down. No differences in the characteristics of the head injuries existed between skiing and snowboarding injuries.

스노우보드 손상과 스키 손상의 비교

조준휘,이강현,오범진,김성환,문중범,황성오,이영희 대한스포츠의학회 2000 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.18 No.2

In the past several years, snowboarding has become a popular winter sports among young people, and the number of accidents has increased proportionately. The incidence of injuries from skiing is shown to be 2,5 for every 1,000 skiers, but the incidence of injuries form snowboarding is unknown in Korea. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences between skiing and snowboarding injuries. We evaluated 1,662 patients with skiing of snowboarding injures who visited to the emergency post that located in the Yong Pyong Ski Resorts from Nov. 1998 to Feb, 1997, Among the patients, 1156 patients injured from skiing and 176 patients injured from snowboarding. Snowboarding were younger, predominantly male, and were more often beginners than skier. They most commonly suffered ligament strains, contusions and fractures and dislocation, with radius most affected. Our results suggest that injuries during snowboarding can be reduced if snowboarding use protective devices(e.g. wrist protector, arm board etc.) and take lessons for beginners.

중증 스키 및 스노우 보드손상의 특성 : 6년간 경험 6 Years Experience

이강현,김성환,박해상,조준휘,황성오,이종민,이영희,임경수 대한스포츠의학회 2000 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Objective : Evaluation of the cause of the cause of severe injuries in fatal downhill skiing of snowboarding accidents in important to prevention. But the incidence of sever injuries form snowboarding and skiing is unknown in Korea. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the severs skiing and snowboarding injuries. Methods : The medical records of twenty-one consecutive patients(ISS≥10) with skiing or snowboarding injuries who visited to the emergency department of Wonju Christina Hospital of post that located in the three Ski Resrots(Young Pyong, Sung Woo, Phoenix Park Ski Resort Town) from Nov. 1995 to Mar. 2000 were reviewed for following information: age, injury mechanisms, Injury Severity Score(ISS), Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS) and cause of death. Results : Among the patients, 15 patients(71.4%) injured from skiing and 6 patients(28.6%) injured from snowboarding. Of the patients, 57% were male with mean age of 28±9, and mean ISS of 23±9, mean GCS 11±5. There were 14(66.6%) head injuries, 4(19.0%) spine injuries, 4(19.0%) abdominal organ injuries, 2(9.5%) chest injury. There were 4 deaths(19.0%). The cause of deaths was head injury. Conclusion : The cause of all deaths associated with skiing or snowbording was head injury. Our results suggest that death during snowboarding or skiing can be reduced if skier or snowboarder use protective helmet for head trauma.

Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Treatments for Traumatic Spinal Injuries due to Snowboarding

Takahiro Masuda,Kei Miyamoto,Kazuhiko Wakahara,Kazu Matsumoto,Akira Hioki,Tetsuya Shimokawa,Katsuji Shimizu,Shinji Ogura,Haruhiko Akiyama 대한척추외과학회 2015 Asian Spine Journal Vol.9 No.1

Study Design: Retrospective study. Purpose: To assess treatment outcomes of snowboarding-related spinal and spinal cord injuries. Overview of Literature: Snowboarding-related spinal or spinal cord injury have a great impact on social and sporting activities. Methods: A retrospective review of 19 cases of surgically treated snowboard-related injury was done. Analyzed parameters included site of injury, type of fracture, peri- and postoperative complications, pre- and postoperative neurological status, activities of daily living, and participation in sports activities at the final follow-up. Results: The major site of injury was the thoracolumbar junction caused by fracture-dislocation (13/19 cases). The remaining 6 cases had cervical spine injuries. Over 60% of the patients had Frankel A and B paralysis. All patients were surgically treated by posterior fusion with instrumentation. Five underwent additional anterior fusion. Surgical outcome was restoration of ambulatory capacity in 12 patients (63.2%). Ultimately, 15 patients (78.9%) could return to work. Patients with complete paralysis upon admission showed reduced ambulatory capacity compared to those with incomplete paralysis. None of the patients again participated in any sports activities, including snowboarding. Conclusions: Snowboarding-related spinal or spinal cord injury has a great impact on social as well as sports activities. It is necessary to enhance promotion of injury prevention emphasizing the snowboarders’ responsibility code.

스노보드 지상훈련자세의 경사도 적용에 관한 운동역학적 분석

이종훈(Lee, Chong-Hoon),전윤걸(Jeon, Youn-Girl) 한국체육과학회 2019 한국체육과학회지 Vol.28 No.4

We study the biomechanical analysis of four male snowboarders so as to produce practical basic data, which can give improving the snowboarding performances of snowboarders. We gauged the lower limb angle and main muscle activation on snowboard riding posture while the subject was in a snowboard riding and setting with plain state(PS) or steep state(SS) simulator. The results show that more small degree of angulation from ankle joint and relatively bigger activations on overall muscles when snowboarder maintained snowboarding posture on the SS simulator. Our study suggests that application of SS will be more beneficial to posture training on the simulator than PS. But coach should apply the Steep State training to athletes or student with caution since over extension of Hip joint and over activation of tibialis anterior muscle are inherent of injury over the training.

스키 및 스노우보드와 관련된 뇌진탕 발생 위험도

고재옥 ( Jae Ok Koh ) 한국선수트레이너연구소 2007 The Journal of Korean Athletic Trainer Association Vol.1 No.-

Background: Recently, a number of snowboarders and skiers have been increasing dramatically. The winter sports has several advantages such as maintaining or enhancing physical fitness as well as increasing psychological satisfaction. However, snowboarding and skiing related injuries are also increasing. Among these injuries, the frequency of concussion is increasing. Purposes: The purposes of this review are to provide updated information about sports related concussion in general including definitions of concussion, incidence rate of concussion in snowboarding and skiing, and methodological issues of the sport injury study in future research. Methods: To find literature, the following Electronical Data Base was searched(Medline, National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI), Koreastudies Information Service System(KISS), and theses. The searching terms were limited to either Korean language or English language and the published year from 1990 to 2006. Results: In results, there are not many research in snowboarding and skiing related concussion. Incidence rate of concussion in snowboarding was high(11 per 100 snowboarder-exposures). Overall, frequency of concussion injury occurred from 3~69%. However, the incidence rate of skiing related concussion could not calculate because there are several methodological problems with skiing related concussion research. Conclusion: In conclusions, there are few research in the winter sports related concussion. Incidence rate of snowboaring related concussion is high. By the way, due to methodological limitations, the incidence rate of skiing related concussion could not measure. Therefore, more research are required with appling appropriate methods in these two winter sports.

스키 및 스노우보드와 관련된 뇌진탕 발생 위험도

고재옥 한국선수트레이너교육연구소 2007 KATA 학술지 Vol.1 No.-

Background: Recently, a number of snowboarders and skiers have been increasing dramatically. The winter sports has several advantages such as maintaining or enhancing physical fitness as well as increasing psychological satisfaction. However, snowboarding and skiing related injuries are also increasing. Among these injuries, the frequency of concussion is increasing. Purposes: The purposes of this review are to provide updated information about sports related concussion in general including definitions of concussion, incidence rate of concussion in snowboarding and skiing, and methodological issues of the sport injury study in future research. Methods: To find literature, the following Electronical Data Base was searched(Medline, National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI), Koreastudies Information Service System(KISS), and theses. The searching terms were limited to either Korean language or English language and the published year from 1990 to 2006. Results: In results, there are not many research in snowboarding and skiing related concussion. Incidence rate of concussion in snowboarding was high(11 per 100 snowboarder-exposures). Overall, frequency of concussion injury occurred from 3~69%. However, the incidence rate of skiing related concussion could not calculate because there are several methodological problems with skiing related concussion research. Conclusion: In conclusions, there are few research in the winter sports related concussion. Incidence rate of snowboaring related concussion is high. By the way, due to methodological limitations, the incidence rate of skiing related concussion could not measure. Therefore, more research are required with appling appropriate methods in these two winter sports.

스노보드 손상 환자에 있어서 손목 손상의 특성

김영준 ( Yeong Jun Kim ),이강현 ( Kang Hyun Lee ),차경철 ( Kyoung Chul Cha ),김현 ( Hyun Kim ),황성오 ( Sung Oh Hwang ),오진록 ( Jin Rok Oh ) 대한외상학회 2009 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.22 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics and severity of wrist injuries in snowboarding. Methods: December 2005 to February 2008, Snowboarders who experienced wrist injures were included in this study. On the basis of the medical records and radiographic evaluation, the severity of distal radius fracture was classified according to the Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Osteosynthesefragen/Association for the Study of Internal Fixation (AO/ASIF) classification. Results: Most of the injured snowboarders were a either of the beginner (35 cases, 46.1%) or the intermediate (27 cases, 35.5%) level. The most common cause of injury in snowboarding was a slip down (60 cases, 78.9%). Comminuted and articular fractures classified as AO types A3, B, and C, which required surgical reduction, made up 42.3% of the distal radial fractures in snowboarders. When we analyzed the differences in severity between the educated and the non-educated groups, an A2 type injury in the AO classification was the most common type of injury in the educated group (20 cases, 38.5%), it means less severe fractures ocurred in the educated group (p=0.045). The most frequent injury mechanism of fractures was slip down (48 cases, 63.2%), and a slip down backwards was the dominant type of slip down (36 cases, 75.0%) (p=0.031). Conclusion: Among the snowboarders in this study who suffered self-down injury to the wrist, more fractures were associated with a backwards slip down than with a forward slip down due to over extension. For educated snowboarders the severity of fracture was lower than it was for uneducated snowboarders. (J Korean Soc Traumatol 2009;22:29-36)

스키어와 스노보더의 손상에 관한 연구

장우성(Woosung Chang),김순덕(Soonduck Kim),이제숙(Jesuk Lee) 한국역학회 2007 Epidemiology and Health Vol.29 No.1

  Purpose: To calculate the injury rate of skiers and snowboarders, to document the risk factors affecting injury, and to investigate the characteristics of the cause, kind and region of injury.   Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted at 4 major Kangwon - province ski resorts during the 2004 - 2005 winter season with 373 skiers and snowboarders. The statistical SPSS was used to analyze data that included chi-square, fisher"s exact test, and multiple logistic regression. The mean mark of the safety rule by separating the skiers and snowboarders was compared between the two groups.   Results: The injury and wound experience rates of the snowboarders (46.5%, 34.2% respectively) were higher than those of the skiers (33.2%, 25.5% respectively). The proportion of injury and wound for the skiers was 76.7% and for the snowboarders was 73.6%. The occurrence of injuries was higher among those with ski career of 5 to 9 years (p=0.012), those with a higher level of ski skills (p=0.002), those who used the higher slope (p=0.002) and those who skied 15 to 19 times(p=0.004). Based on the results of logistic regression analysis, the significant risk factors for skiers were career, level, slope and visit number. Leg injuries accounted for 40.9% of total injuries among skiers, which was followed by arm injuries (35.9%) and head injuries (15.4%)(p=0.033).   Conclusions: The study therefore emphasizes safety training for individual skiers and overall conditions of ski resorts.