체육측정평가학 : 축구 경기력의 기술 요인 구조 분석

하성일(SungIlHa),이송학(SongHakLee),신동윤(DongYoonShin) 한국체육학회 2005 한국체육학회지 Vol.44 No.4

This study was to search the skill factors which effect on football player's performance. In order to accomplish the purpose of this study, open-ended questionnaire was asked to football players. Literature research, open-ended questionnaire, and interview results showed 80 Skill factors. Inductive content analysis of the responses illustrated 54 items among university and professional football players.After pilot study, 101 professional football players completed the exploratory factor analysis version. Based on the results of the exploratory factor analysis and reliability, 20 Skill factors in university and professional football players were applied for further item refinement. In the confirmatory factor analysis, 309 professional football players completed the 42-item version.Results Showed 20 Psychological factors and 4 factors. 4 factors were Shooting Skill, fundamental Skill, Power based Skill, and Connecting Skill. EFA and CFA Results Showed model's fitness. Shooting Skill explains 37.1% of Skill in Football Performance, fundamental Skill explains 15.5% of Skill in Football Performance, Power based Skill explains 7.6% of Skill in Football Performance, and Connecting Skill explains 5.4% of Skill in Football Performance, Physical Education research must change it's direction from an average approach to individual approach to meet a market's expectation. Till now Physical Education research was conducted only for research. However, recently competition is important issue. Physical Education researchers have to consider needs of sport field to admit sport situation.

무역과 기능(skills)에 대한 분석 및 그 정책적 시사점

윤성종(Sung-Jong Yun) 한국무역연구원 2021 무역연구 Vol.17 No.5

Purpose This paper aims to derive policy implications after examining trade and skills, that is, the effect of skills on trade, the effect of trade and technology on the demand for skills, and the effect of trade and skills on productivity and wages. Design/Methodology/Approach This paper reviews and analyzes a substantial amount of latest international literature related to trade and skills. Findings In the context of globalization, where technology, market demand, and trade relations are rapidly changing, the response of the supply of skills to the demand for skills now and in the future is very important. The match between the supply of skills and the demand for skills plays a role in facilitating the adjustment of trade shocks by allowing exporting firms to effectively participate in international trade and transferring low-skilled workers in the import-competition sector to high-skilled, high-productivity jobs in the export sector. Skills development is very important for an economy to expand exports, absorb foreign direct investment, and elevate the value chain. Trade can increase the demand for skills in both developed and developing countries through increased productivity and interaction with technological progress. Due to the increase in the relative demand for high-skilled workers, the wages of high-skilled workers tend to increase compared to low-skilled workers. An adequate supply of skills to meet the growing demand for skills is likely to reduce the pressures that intensify wage inequality and distribute the benefits of trade in a more balanced manner. Research Implications An important element of skills development can be said to be investment in skills by industry and provision of education and training as an appropriate response to skills and employment. In order for the skills development system to respond effectively to the demand for skills, an appropriate skills development policy is required.

Rasch 평정척도 모형에 의한 남자체조 도마 기술별 난이도

박재현 ( Jae-hyeon Park ),한충식 ( Choong Sik Han ),윤지운 ( Jiwun Yoon ) 한국체육대학교 체육과학연구소 2019 스포츠사이언스 Vol.36 No.2

이 연구는 Rasch 평정척도 모형을 활용하여 남자체조 도마 기술별 난이도를 추정하는 것이 목적이다. 구체적으로 Rasch 모형을 활용하여 산출한 난이도를 FIG(세계체조연맹)가 제시하는 난이도와 비교하고자 하였다. 이 목적을 달성하기 위하여 2012년 런던 올림픽부터 2016년 리우올림픽까지 6개의 국제대회에 출전한 남자 도마선수 427명이 수행한 29개 도마 기술에 대한 자료를 수집하였다. 자료는 FIG 공식 홈페이지에서 공개하는 공식 대회기록과 유튜브를 매개로 공개되어 있는 세계대회 영상이다. 이를 활용하여 도마기술의 난도점수, 실시점수, 감점점수 등으로 재구성하였고, 도마기술 수행의 성공과 실패로 구분하였다. Rasch 평정척도 모형을 자료분석에 활용하였다. Rasch 평정척도 모형을 통해 기술별 산출된 난이도는 FIG 난도점수에 비교되었다. 6개 국제대회의 출전선수들이 수행한 29개 도마 기술 중에서 기술 수행횟수가 적어 분석이 불가능하거나, 특정 선수들만이 해당기술을 수행하여 다른 기술들과 가교(anchor)가 되지 않는 9개 기술을 제외한 후, 20개 기술에 대하여 Rasch 평정척도 모형에 의한 난이도를 산출하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. Rasch 평정척도 모형에 의한 남자체조 도마 기술변 난이도 산출 결과 RI Se Gwang2 기술이 난이도가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. FIG는 Blanik, RI Se Gwang, RI Se Gwang2 skills에 대하여 동일한 6.4점의 난도점수를 부여하였는데, Rasch 평정척도 모형은 각각 6.3점, 5.4점, 7.0점의 난도점수를 부여하는 것이 타당한 것으로 평가하였다. FIG가 기술위원의 전문성을 바탕으로 부여한 난도점수는 Rasch 평정척도 모형이 산출한 객관적 난이도와 차이가 있다는 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 반면 Akopian 720°턴, Guelvo 540°턴, Ssukahara 360°턴, Tsukahara 540°턴 등의 기술은 FIG 기술난도와 Rasch 평정척도 모형이 추정한 난이도가 동일한 것으로 나타났다. 남자 체조 도마 20개 기술에 대하여 Rasch 평정척도 모형이 추정한 난이도와 FIG가 배정한 난도점수 간 상관계수 r=.70이었다. 이 연구를 통하여 Rasch 평정척도 모형에 의한 체조 도마 기술의 난이도는 대회의 종류, 출전선수의 능력, 대회의 규모 등에 관계없이 추정이 가능하다는 사실을 구명하였다. 체조기술의 난도점수 배정할 때 Rasch 분석 결과를 참고자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study was to estimate on difficulties of vault skills in male gymnastics using Rasch rating model based on item response theory(IRT). To the purpose, data were collected on 29 vault skills conducted by 427 male players who participated in six international competitions from the 2012London Olympics to the 2016Rio Olympics. These data are the official records released on the FIG(federation of international gymnastics) web site and the contest videos which are open to the public via YouTube. Using this data, we reconstructed the score by the difficulties, execution, and deduction score etc. The Rasch model, the 1-parameter model of the IRT, was applied to the data analysis. In addition, the skills difficulties calculated by Rasch model were compared with the skills difficulties score of FIG. Among the 29 vault skills, the skills difficulties were calculated by Rasch model for 20 skills, except for the 9 skills that can not perform the analysis because of the small case of skill runs, or that do not become anchor with other skills. The results are as follows. The Rasch model showed that the skills difficulties of RI Se Gwang2 was the most difficult vault skill. The FIG gave the same score of 6.4 for the Blanik, RI Se Gwang, and RI Se Gwang2 skills. However, the Rasch model evaluated the difficulties score as 6.3, 5.4, and 7.0, respectively. The FIG's subjective score given by the skills was different from the objective difficulty of the Rasch model. On the other hand, skills such as Akopian 720 ° turn, Guelvo 540 ° turn, Ssukahara 360 ° turn and Tsukahara 540 ° turn showed that the FIG and the Rasch model had the same difficulty. The correlation coefficient between the Rasch model and FIG was .70. This study was found that the difficulties of vault skills by Rasch model can be estimated regardless of type, capacity, size of competition. Also the Rasch analysis can be used as a reference when assigning difficulty scores to gymnastics skills.

외국인 유학생들의 영어능력과 한국어 능력과의 관계 분석

최진숙 ( Choi Jin-sook ) 대한언어학회 2016 언어학 Vol.24 No.4

This study focuses on investigating whether international students` English skills are related to their Korean skills. For this study, 82 international students` English skills and Korean skills were evaluated through the scores of two subjects: English Writing and Korean Vocabulary & Grammar. To raise the level of the validity and reliability of the study, Language Attitudes Questionnaires were distributed to another 102 students. The result of the analysis for English & Korean scores showed that the participants` English skills seem to be related to their Korean skills; the participants with high level of English skills showed a high level of Korean skills, whereas lower achievers in English skills acquired a low level of Korean skills. However, the result of the language attitude questionnaires indicated that the two skills were not related to each other because the participants who had a high level of their perceived English skills demonstrated less favorable attitudes towards Korean than those who had a low level of their perceived English skills. In other words, the participants who had lower subjective English skills showed more positive attitudes towards Korean. On the basis of the results, it is difficult to identify whether there is a relationship between the two skills. However, in accordance with previous studies, the reason for an unclear relationship between the two skills seems due to their low level of mother tongue skills. For a clearer relationship, further study for the participants with a high level of mother tongue skills is required.

한국의 숙련수익률 변화 : 2000~2012년을 중심으로

김혜원,장혜원 한국직업능력개발원 2014 직업능력개발연구 Vol.17 No.1

본 연구에서는 일반적으로 숙련의 대리지표로 사용하는 학력에 한정하지 않고 직업사전의 숙련 지표들을 활용하여 숙련요인을 도출하고 임금구조 기본통계자료를 이용하여 2000년부터 2012년까지의 숙련 수익률을 측정하였다. 초과교육과 초과경력을 통제한 후, 인지적 숙련의 수익률은 해당 기간 40∼45%의 높은 수준을 유지하였지만, 육체적 숙련과 감각적 숙련의 수익률은 감소하였다. 숙련을 통제하지 않았을 때 교육연수의 수익률은 평균 10%였으나 숙련요인을 통제하면 평균 6%로 줄어들어 직무와 관련된 숙련의 다차원적 특성과 깊이의 중요성이 확인되며 학교교육 이외의 직업훈련, 현장에서 경험 등 숙련 형성의 다양한 측면을 확인할 수 있었다. In human resource research, we usually analyze the return of education with the hypothesis: education is a proxy of ability. In this paper, we analyze the return to various dimensions of skill, including formal education with alternative measure based on the observed skill characteristics of the job from 2000 to 2012 in the Korean labor market. By means of common factor analysis using job information in the Korean Dictionary of Occupational Titles, we extracted 3 measures of job-based skills: cognitive skill, physical skill and sensory skill. We found that the return to cognitive skill had been consistent with 40∼45% for 13 years whereas return to sensory skill and physical skill had been decreased with controlling extra-education and extra-experience. Also after controlling skills factors, the return to schooling falls from 10% to 6%. This finding emphasizes the importance of various skills formation mechanism such as vocational training and informal learning in career path, in addition to schooling

Ranking the Importance of Practical Export Skills

Guijun LIN(林桂軍),Joo-Young YOON(윤주영),Mi-Ryung SONG(송미령) 전북대학교 산업경제연구소 2012 아태경상저널 Vol.4 No.3

본 논문은 중국기업에 중요시되는 무역실무지식들이 무엇인가를 실증분석하고 있다. 이를 위하여 기존 문헌에서 88개 종류의 무역실무지식을 선정하여 중국 동부지역 800개 수출업체를 대상으로 조사가 이루어 졌다. 요인분석을 하는 과정에서 실무지식을 8개로 분류화하고 그 중에서 56개 지식이 상대적으로 중요하다는 점을 발견하였다. 8개 범주는 국제금융, 국제마케팅, 무역정책 및 규정, 무역물류, 무역결제조건, 국제무역의 전략적 경영, 무역조사연구 및 무역실무이다. 모든 무역실무지식은 평균값과 표준편차에 따라 순번을 부여하였다. 본 연구의 결과 무역정책 및 규정, 무역결제조건과 무역조사연구 범주가 가장 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 일반적으로 중국의 수출업체들은 기초적인 무역금융 및 전략경영지식이 고급지식보다 중요한 것으로 파악되었으며, 국제마케팅지식의 중요성이 그다지 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 타국의 기업을 대상으로 한 연구와는 달리 중국기업들에게는 무역물류지식과 무역실무지식은 상대적으로 덜 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 중요도 ranking 작업은 향후 중국기업의 무역실무지식의 수준을 파악하는데 중요할 뿐만 아니라 국제비즈니스 교육 담당자들이 효과적인 교육훈련 프로그램을 마련하는데 많은 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다. The paper attempts to empirically identify a set of practical export skills important to the Chinese firms. A survey containing 88 practical export skills, selected from the existing literature, was sent to 800 Chinese exporting companies in major eastern regions of China. With the factor analysis, eights kill categories were identified and 56skills were found more important. The eight skill categories include international finance, international marketing, international trade policy and regulations, international trade logistics, international payment terms, strategic management in international trade, international trade research and international trade practice. All the skills were ranked according to the mean value and standard deviations. The results of the study show that skills in international trade policy and regulations, international payment terms and international trade research were viewed as being the most important. In general, the Chinese exporters viewed the basic finance and strategic management skills as being more important than advanced skills. International marketing skills were considered to be of only moderate importance and some were ranked even lower. In contrast to earlier findings for other countries, international trade logistics skills and international trade practice skills were viewed as being less important. These importance rankings may provide some useful insight into the general skill levels of the Chinese exporting firms and help international business educators prepare more effective skill training programs.

인문,사회과학편 : 태권도 수련이 내재한 라이프스킬의 구성개념 및 측정도구 개발

정예수(YeSooChung) 한국체육학회 2011 한국체육학회지 Vol.50 No.3

이 연구는 태권도 수련 경험을 통해 발달하는 라이프 스킬의 개념적 구조를 파악하고 이를 측정할 수 있는 타당한 심리척도를 개발하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 태권도 라이프스킬의 개념을 찾는 연구Ⅰ과 측정도구를 개발하는 연구Ⅱ를 수행하였다. 연구Ⅰ에서는 개방형 설문과 심층면접을 통해 태권도 수련자들이 내면화하고 있는 태권도라이프 스킬의 구성개념을 탐색한 결과, 태권도 수련은 크게 신체적 기술, 심리적 기술, 정서적 기술, 무도적 기술, 사회적 기술, 지적 기술 등 6가지 차원의 다양한 개념을 포함하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 연구Ⅱ에서는 선행분석을 기초로 태권도 라이프 스킬 측정을 위한 문항을 개발하고, 개념적 검토와 탐색 및 확인적 요인분석 등 심리측정적 타당성을 검증하였다. 그 결과 태권도 라이프 스킬은 5개요인(사회적 기술, 심리적 기술, 정서적 기술, 신체적 기술, 무도적 기술) 구조를 갖는 20문항으로 확증되었다. 또한 삶의 만족도와의 상관을 통해 알아본 외적 준거 검토에서 태권도 라이프 스킬 수준이 높을수록 삶의 만족 수준이 높았다. 이러한 결과를 서구에서 수행된 스포츠 라이프 스킬 연구 결과 및 태권도 교육의 미래 방향과 관련하여 논의하였다. The purpose of this study was to analyze the Taekwondo life skills concept from Taekwondo practitioners and to develop a measuring tool for Taekwondo life skills. In order to perform the study, it was concluded that there were 6 factors(psychological skills, physical skills, social skills, emotional skills, martial-art skills, and intellectual skills) in Taekwondo life skills at the < Research Ⅰ >, throughout tri-angulation process by research experts on the collected data from open-ended questionnaire and in-depth interviews. At the < Research Ⅱ > for development of measurement scale, 20 items were categorized into 5 factors: physical skills with 4 items, psychological skills with 4 items, emotional skills with 4 items, martial art skills with 4 items, and social skills with 4 items. As for the validity verification, examination of the relation between the Taekwondo life skills scales and life satisfaction scales was conducted and result showed a positive correlation. Regarding group difference in Taekwondo life skills scales, it was revealed that high level group of life satisfaction gained higher scores than low life satisfaction group in Taekwondo life skills. Thus, it was concluded that Taekwondo life skills scales have certain validity.

대학생들의 국어능력과 영어능력과의 관계: 영어에 대한 태도를 중심으로

최진숙 ( Jin Sook Choi ) 대한언어학회 2008 언어학 Vol.16 No.2

There has been a claim that mother tongue skills can affect foreign language learning. However, it is a question whether Korean skills of university students are also related to their English language learning. This paper aims at identifying this question by investigating the relationship between Korean skills and English skills among university students. For this study, the scores of two subjects, `Thoughts and Expressions` and `General English`, from two hundred and forty eight university students were investigated, compared and analyzed. Furthermore, Language Attitudes Questionnaires were distributed to one hundred and sixty two students who took the courses of the above two subjects. The questionnaire survey was based on a belief that those who were in high grade in Korean skills might possibly have favorable attitudes towards English learning, as it is revealed that attitudes towards English are likely to have a close relation with English skills. The result of the study showed that the participants` English skills were closely related to their Korean skills; high achievers in Korean skills showed a high level of English skills, whereas lower achievers in Korean skills demonstrated a low level of English skills. In addition, the result of the language attitude questionnaires indicated that the participants who had a high level of Korean skills produced more favorable attitudes towards English than those who had a low level of Korean skills.

초등학교에서의 지도 기능 학습 위계에 관한 연구

유수진 서울교육대학교 초등교육연구원 2022 한국초등교육 Vol.33 No.4

Despite the fact that map skill instruction continues to be an important aspect of the curriculum for social studies at the elementary grade level, advanced and effective methodologies for map teaching have not been adopted to elementary school students. Therefore, this study suggested a customized hierarchy of map skill instruction according to grade level. The study conducted a literature review to perform in-depth analysis on the types of map skills and hierarchical learning curves in map skills and defined issues related to the current teaching activities presented in textbooks in schools. The results demonstrated that each map skill instruction was disconnected between grades and linked to the next advanced level in an inappropriate manner. Therefore, this study suggested activities for teaching map skills that can improve student performance with regard to map skill acquisition. Aspects of map skills (e.g., map reading, analysis, and drawing), which the study established through the literature review, were arranged hierarchically and displayed according to elementary school grade level. This study is a basic one on sequenced map skill instruction, which requires further research 지도 기능은 초등 사회과에서 중요한 기능이지만, 지도 기능의 향상을 위한 체계적이고 효과적인학습이 학교 현장에서 제대로 이루어지지 못하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 효과적인 지도 기능 학습을 위해 학년이 올라갈수록 내용이 심화하는 지도 기능의 위계화 방안을 탐색하였다. 먼저 지도 기능을 연구한 문헌 및 외국의 교육과정을 바탕으로 지도 기능의 내용 및 기능 학습 단계를 살펴보았다. 다음으로 현행 교육과정에서의 지도 기능 학습을 교과서를 중심으로 분석하고 문제점을 도출하였다. 그 결과, 현행 교육과정에 따른 지도 기능 학습은 상급 학년으로 가면서 심화하는 방식으로 체계적으로 이루어지지 못했다. 따라서 이를 보완하기 위해 지도 기능을 지도 읽기, 지도 분석, 지도 그리기의세 영역으로 나누고, 각 영역에서의 지도 기능 학습을 학년군별로 제안하였다. 본 연구는 지도 기능학습의 위계화 방향을 제시한 기초 연구로, 후속 연구를 통해 보다 구체적인 지도 기능의 학습 방법이정립되어야 할 것이다.

네일 기술의 중요성과 경향 분석

고정민 한국피부과학연구원 2013 대한피부미용학회지 Vol.11 No.4

Women’s endless anxiety that pursues beauty leads the nail industry to be improved and life-quality of women to be raised, which expands to influence on the nail skill. As the result, the nail skill becomes an external expression and then becomes a management or correction for nails, as well as becomes an psychological treatment so that the nail industry is being improved rapidly. With the rapid growth of the nail industry, the nail skill can be had a deep relationship with women’s daily life and can be catched on with trend, which helps lead women to realize importance and necessity of the nail skill. It is the time that requires for women to learn rightly the nail skill that allows them to represent effectively. This research is so studied as to help your comprehending of the nail skill through constructing relative theory with general classification, and as to contribute to setting identification of the skill. Performing infinite endeavor to acquire well-trained skill needs to be done, because the nail skill will apply into an organ of the human body and breath a new life into the fingertips and tiptoes. To please women’s demand that becomes complicated, it must be performed to dedicate to development in the nail industry and acquirement of faithful skills in a such way that adds expert knowledge and information into the nail skill. It is tried to approach to the nail skills with academic perspective. Giving quality improvement for the nail skill and theoretical data for further studies are the intention of this approach.