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Key challenges, recent advances and future perspectives of rechargeable lithium-sulfur batteries
Ze-Chen Lv,Peng-Fei Wang,Jian-Cang Wang,Shu-Hui Tian,Ting-Feng Yi 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.124 No.-
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery, which releases energy by coupling high abundant sulfur with lithium metal,is considered as a potential substitute for the current lithium-ion battery. Thanks to the lightweight andmulti-electron reaction of sulfur cathode, the Li-S battery can achieve a high theoretical specific capacityof 1675 mAh g1 and specific energy of 2600 Wh kg1. However, some key scientific issues limit its practicalapplication, such as the ‘‘shuttle effect” of lithium polysulfides, large volume change, poor conductivityof sulfur and its solid-state products, and self-discharge phenomenon. Of these, the ‘‘shuttle effect”is recognized as the most critical challenge affecting on electrochemical performance. Hence, this reviewfirst systematically introduces the development of Li-S batteries and the corresponding ‘‘shuttle effect”. Then, the latest work on anode, cathode, separator and electrolyte are summarized. Finally, some promisingviews on the future research direction of this battery system are put forward.
Lactate: a multifunctional signaling molecule
( Tae-yoon Lee ) 영남대학교 의과대학 2021 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.38 No.3
Since its discovery in 1780, lactate has long been misunderstood as a waste by-product of anaerobic glycolysis with multiple deleterious effects. Owing to the lactate shuttle concept introduced in the early 1980s, a paradigm shift began to occur. Increasing evidence indicates that lactate is a coordinator of whole-body metabolism. Lactate is not only a readily accessible fuel that is shuttled throughout the body but also a metabolic buffer that bridges glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation between cells and intracellular compartments. Lactate also acts as a multifunctional signaling molecule through receptors expressed in various cells and tissues, resulting in diverse biological consequences including decreased lipolysis, immune regulation, anti-inflammation, wound healing, and enhanced exercise performance in association with the gut microbiome. Furthermore, lactate contributes to epigenetic gene regulation by lactylating lysine residues of histones, accounting for its key role in immune modulation and maintenance of homeostasis.
Sim, Eun Seob,Yi, Gyu Seong,Je, Minyeong,Lee, Youngbin,Chung, Yong-Chae Elsevier 2017 Journal of Power Sources Vol.342 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, the properties of F-functionalized Ti<SUB>2</SUB>C (Ti<SUB>2</SUB>CF<SUB>2</SUB>) and O-functionalized Ti<SUB>2</SUB>C (Ti<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>2</SUB>) as conductive anchoring materials for lithium-sulfur (LiS) batteries were investigated using the density functional theory (DFT). It was confirmed that both of Ti<SUB>2</SUB>CF<SUB>2</SUB> and Ti<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>2</SUB> will suppress the shuttle effect by different suppressing mechanisms depending on the Ti<SUB>2</SUB>CF<SUB>2</SUB> and Ti<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>2</SUB>. The F-functionalized surface of Ti<SUB>2</SUB>CF<SUB>2</SUB> suppresses the shuttle effect by strong interaction with lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). On the other hand, the shuttle effect is suppressed on the O-functionalized surface by converting soluble high-order LiPSs (Li<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>8</SUB>, Li<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>7</SUB>, and Li<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>6</SUB>) to insoluble elemental sulfur. In addition, the redox reaction of anchored LiPSs takes place because Ti<SUB>2</SUB>CF<SUB>2</SUB> and Ti<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>2</SUB> show metallic properties after anchoring the LiPSs. As a result, the F and O-functionalized surfaces of the Ti<SUB>2</SUB>C-based MXenes will contribute to suppressing the shuttle effect as conductive anchoring materials for LiS batteries. This theoretical study will provide further insight into the application of MXenes as a conductive anchoring material for LiS batteries.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Different mechanisms to suppress shuttle effect of Ti<SUB>2</SUB>CF<SUB>2</SUB> and Ti<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>2</SUB> are proposed. </LI> <LI> Ti<SUB>2</SUB>CF<SUB>2</SUB> restrains the shuttle effect via strong interaction with LiPSs. </LI> <LI> Ti<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>2</SUB> converts highly soluble high-order LiPSs to insoluble elemental sulfur. </LI> <LI> Semiconductor to metal transition is presented at Ti<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>2</SUB> after adsorption of LiPSs. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
유효 스프링 압축변위가 LMTT용 Shuttle Car의 충격흡수장치 충격 반력에 미치는 영향
임종현(Jonghyun Lim),한근조(Geunjo Han),한동섭(Dongseop Han) 한국자동차공학회 2004 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
According to the increase of container trade throughout the world, the environment of ports is being fast changed and also the rapid increase of much transshipment cargo is expected. So, in the harbor loading and unloading system for the rapid treatment of transshipment cargo, the LMTT(Linear Motor-based Transfer Technology) that is horizontal transfer system in the maritime container terminal for the port automation is being studied. Therefore in this paper, to gain basic design data of shuttle car we studied the effect of effective spring compression displacement on the impact reaction force of the impact Absorbing system at the LMTT.
MOF-Nafion separator preventing polysulfide shuttle effect in Li-S batteries
김선화,연정석,박호석 한국공업화학회 2018 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2018 No.0
High order lithium polysulfide dissolves in electrolyte and it moves from cathode to anode in lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries. This shuttle effect causes the loss of active sulfur and it makes the electrochemical performances of cell decreased. It is most critical issue to enhance the Li-S battery performance. Here, we present a simple strategy to block the shuttle effect using metal-organic framework(MOF) and Nafion coated battery separator. -SO3 group in MOF and Nafion push the negatively charged polysulfide, but positively charged lithium ion can be permitted to pass. This functionalized -SO3 group also help to improve the ionic conductivity. This NOF-Nafion coated separator for Li-S batteries shows a low capacity decay(0.079% per cycle within 250 cycles).
고에너지밀도 리튬-황 전지를 위한 리튬폴리설파이드 용출 억제 연구
한승준 ( Seongjun Han ),손동혁 ( Donghyeok Son ),이진우 ( Jinwoo Lee ) 한국공업화학회 2023 공업화학전망 Vol.26 No.5
리튬-황 전지는 높은 에너지밀도와 가격경쟁력을 가져 유망한 차세대 이차전지로서 주목받고 있다. 하지만 리튬-황 전지는 절연성을 띠는 활물질, 리튬폴리설파이드 셔틀 현상, 양극 내에서의 부피 팽창 등의 문제를 가지고 있어 상용화에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 그중에서도 특히 리튬폴리설파이드 셔틀 현상은 리튬-황 전지에서 주요한 문제로 여겨지며, 활물질의 손실뿐만 아니라 빠른 용량 감소와 수명 단축을 초래한다. 이에 본고는 리튬폴리설파이드 셔틀현상에 대해 소개하고 이를 억제할 수 있는 방법에 대한 연구 동향을 활물질과 직접적인 접촉을 하게 되는 요소인 양극, 분리막 두 측면으로 나누어 기술하였다. 또한 리튬-황 전지의 상용화 및 실사용을 위해 앞으로 나아가야 할 연구방향에 대해 제시하였다.
허정무,문준영,이근형 한국고분자학회 2024 Macromolecular Research Vol.32 No.2
Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have garnered significant attention as next-generation energy storage devices owing to their eco-friendly nature and high theoretical energy density. However, the practical implementation of Li–S batteries faces several challenges, with the two primary issues being the shuttle effect caused by polysulfide dissolution and the slow reaction kinetics of sulfur. To address these challenges, we proposed the combination of a charged binder and a solid-state ionogel electrolyte. In this strategy, we employed charged poly(diallyldimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) (PDDATFSI) as a binder to enhance the adsorption of polysulfides and facilitate the faster movement of lithium ions, thereby ensuring accelerated reaction kinetics. The ionogel further suppressed the shuttle effect owing to its low solubility in polysulfides, limited compatibility with the polymer host, and high viscosity. The resulting Li–S coin cells, using both the PDDATFSI binder and solid-state ionogel, exhibited a high initial discharge capacity of 1027 mAh/g at 0.1 °C, with superior discharge capacity retention exceeding 70% (750 mAh/g) after 100 cycles, maintaining 100% coulombic efficiency. Additionally, we successfully fabricated flexible pouch cells that powered a camp light and 100 LEDs in a bent state. These results highlight their significant potential as deformable and high-capacity energy storage devices in the future.