미얀마 방재체계의 문제점과 혁신방안

장준영 ( Jang Jun Young ),임승빈 ( Lim Suhng Bin ) 한국외국어대학교 동남아연구소 2017 東南亞硏究 Vol.26 No.3

This article examines the past and the present of Myanmar`s disaster prevention system, and the status of the international assistance of disaster prevention area in order to bring out the policy implications emphasizing on the necessity of disaster prevention policy and the introduction of technology. The entry of the international agencies into Myanmar was initiated in 2008 after hit of the cyclone Nargis, and the Myanmar government established the disaster prevention system at same time. Especially after the launching of the newly quasi-civilian government in 2011, technological reform in the disaster prevention and the risk reduction was developed through the establishment of disaster prevention policy as well as the cooperation of the international agencies. Since take off the civilian government in March 2016, the disaster prevention field has been succeeded to policy and technology from the previous government. However, due to the propulsion of the government`s main agenda on rural development and poverty reduction, it requires additional supports for the disaster prevention field. As Korea has been aiding Myanmar focusing on the rural development and the poverty reduction, it seems to be ideal to support the disaster prevention field exclusively. Though, it deserves consideration in establishing the Korean-style assistance program in field of disaster prevention. To do this, it considers that the Saemaul Undong and construction of infrastructure could connect to disaster prevention field in order to maximize the effect of the ODA.

범죄집중 유형 및 그에 따른 범죄예방대책 고찰

임형진,김용석 한국셉테드학회 2021 한국셉테드학회지 Vol.12 No.3

This study was conducted to systematically organize and discuss the crime concentration phenomenon. To this end, this study systematically organized the types of concentration of crimes discovered so far in the field of criminology. In addition, we looked into why crime concentration is important in crime prevention and how each type of crime concentration can be connected with crime prevention. Afterwards, it was confirmed that crime concentration is real through domestic and foreign empirical studies and review of related data. Finally, appropriate crime prevention measures are presented according to each type of crime concentration. The results of this study suggest several policy suggestions. First, when establishing crime prevention measures in the police or local governments, crime prevention measures are needed based on the fact that criminals are concentrated. In other words, when establishing a crime prevention policy, it is necessary to review various crime prevention measures to cope with the concentration of criminals presented in this study. Second, when the police or local governments establish crime prevention measures, crime prevention measures are needed based on the fact that crime locations are concentrated. In other words, when establishing a crime prevention policy, it is necessary to review various crime prevention measures to cope with the concentration of crime places suggested in this study. Finally, when the police or local governments establish crime prevention measures, crime prevention measures are needed based on the fact that crime damage is concentrated. In other words, when establishing a crime prevention policy, it is necessary to review various crime prevention measures to cope with the concentration of crime victims presented in this study.

신규브랜드의 광고메시지 프레이밍에 대한 소비자의 태도: 설득지식의 활성화 & 조절초점의 일치성

김귀곤,전승우,김종호 한국마케팅관리학회 2011 마케팅관리연구 Vol.16 No.1

This study reviews with an extension of Kirmani and Zhu(2007)'s research how prevention-focused consumers may respond sensitively to the prevention-focused message framing compared to promotion-focused consumers. According to their research, there is no difference in brand attitude between promotion-focused and prevention-focused consumers if advertiser's manipulation intention is perceived as very high or low salient. On the contrary, they claimed that prevention-focused consumers' attitudes are less favorable (more sensitive)toward the advertising campaign and its object because prevention-focused people take higher persuasion knowledge activation than promotion-focused people do if the salience is in the moderate level. However, this research assumed that the degree of consistency between regulatory focus of campaign message and that of consumers might control the level of persuasion knowledge activation when the salience of advertiser's manipulation intention is perceived moderately. Accordingly, consumers' attitude toward the campaign and campaign object can be differently expected. Namely, in view of the regulatory focus consistency between campaign message framing and consumers, the prevention-focused consumers' attitudes are more sensitive(less favorable) toward the promotion-focused message framing and its brand than promotion-focused consumers do as viewed in Kirmani and Zhu(2007)'s research result. But the promotion-focused consumers take higher persuasion knowledge activation than that of prevention-focused consumers and their attitudes are less favorable(more sensitive) toward the prevention-focused message framing and its brand than that of prevention-focused consumers. To test the proposed framing effect, 222 male and female undergraduate (graduate) students in Seoul area completed main survey, 195 questionnaires analyzed except 27 insincere and improper ones. As a result, firstly, the same result came out irrespective of regulatory focus consistency when the salience of manipulation intention is perceived high or low. Secondly, the level of persuasion knowledge activation and brand attitude showed difference between promotion-focused consumers and prevention-focused consumers according to the degree of regulatory focus consistency when the salience of advertiser's manipulation intention is perceived in the moderate level. As viewed in Kirmani and Zhu(2007)'s research, the prevention-focused consumers take higher persuasion knowledge activation and respond less favorably (more sensitively) toward the promotion-focused massage framing and its brand than promotion-focused consumers do. Conversely, the promotion-focused consumers take higher persuasion knowledge activation and respond less favorably (more sensitively) toward than the prevention- focused massage framing and its brand than prevention-focused consumers do. By extending Kirmani and Zhu(2007)'s research, this study showed that not only persuasion knowledge activation and attitude are differed by only self regulatory focus, but also the consistency level between regulatory focus of message framing and self regulatory focus. In addition, this study also provides many meaningful issues to the marketers and advertisers in charge of new brand's launching. 이 연구는 Kirmani and Zhu(2007)의 연구를 확장하여 예방초점의 광고 메시지프레이밍에 대해서도 예방초점의 소비자들이 촉진초점의 소비자들보다 민감하게 반응하는 지를 살펴보았다. 그들은 광고 메시지에 대한 조작의도의 현저성이 높거나 낮은(high or low salient) 경우에는 자기조절초점(촉진초점 vs. 예방초점)에따라 브랜드에 대한 태도가 차이를 보이지 않지만 중간정도로 현저한(moderately salient) 경우에는 예방초점의 사람들이 촉진초점의 사람들보다 설득지식의 활성화 정도가 더 높기 때문에 광고 및 광고의 대상에 대한 태도가 덜 호의적으로 (더 민감하게) 반응한다고 주장한다. 그러나 본 연구에서는 광고 메시지에 대한조작의도의 현저성이 중간정도인 경우에 광고 메시지의 조절초점과 소비자의 조절초점 간의 일치성 정도에 따라 설득지식의 활성화 정도가 달라지고 그 결과, 노출된 광고 및 광고의 대상에 대한 태도가 달라질 수있음을 제안하였다. 즉 조절초점(regulatory focus)의 일치성 관점에서 촉진초점의 광고 메시지 프레이밍에대해서는 그들의 연구결과처럼 예방초점적인 사람들이 촉진초점의 사람들보다 광고 대상인 브랜드에 대하여 더 민감하게(덜 호의적으로) 반응하지만, 예방초점의 광고 메시지 프레이밍에 대해서는 촉진초점적인 사람들이 예방초점적인 사람들보다 설득지식의 활성화정도가 높게 나타나고 결과적으로 광고대상인 브랜드에대한 태도 또한 더 민감하게(덜 호의적으로) 반응할 것이라고 예상하였다. 본 연구를 위하여 222명을 대상으로 실험설문조사를 실시하였으며 불성실하거나 부적절한 응답자료 27부를 제외한 195부의 설문지가 분석에 사용되었다. 연구결과 첫째, 광고메시지에 대한 조작의도의 현저성이높거나 낮은 경우에는 조절초점의 적합성과는 무관하게 동일한 결과를 보여주었다. 둘째, 광고메시지의 조작의도가 중간정도로 지각되는 경우에는 조절초점의 일치성 정도에 따라 촉진초점적인 사람들과 예방초점적인 사람들 간에 설득지식의 활성화정도와 브랜드에 대한 태도가 다르게 나타났다. 즉 촉진초점의 광고메시지 프레임에 대해서는 Kirmani and Zhu(2007)의 연구결과처럼 예방초점의 사람들이 촉진초점의 사람들보다 설득지식의 활성화정도가 높게 나타나고 광고대상인 브랜드에 대한 태도가 덜 호의적인 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 예방초점의 광고메시지 프레임에 대해서는 촉진초점의 사람들이 예방초점의 사람들보다 설득지식의 활성화정도가 높게 나타나고 광고대상인 브랜드에 대한 태도가 덜 호의적인 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 Kirmani and Zhu(2007)의 연구를 확장함으로써 단순히 자기조절초점에 따라서만 설득지식의 활성화정도 및 브랜드에 대한 태도가 달라지는 것이 아니라 광고메시지 프레임의 조절초점과 자기조절초점간의 일치성 정도가 더 많은 영향을 줄 수 있다는 것을 보여준다. 뿐만 아니라 이러한 연구결과는 실제 신규브랜드의 런칭을 담당하는 광고 및 마케팅 실무자들에게도 매우 의미 있는 시사점을 제공할 것이다.

A Study on CRIME Prevention and Policing in KOREA’s Urban Regeneration

Kim Hak bum J-INSTITUTE 2018 Regulations Vol.3 No.2

This study aimed at showing present condition and direction for revision of Urban Regeneration Act in relating to urban regeneration areas evidently and finding the way of the activation of urban regeneration project and crime prevention. Most of the cities of our country faced with urban problems like overcrowding the city center, the apartment oriented housing, lack of urban infrastructure. Also, urban decline has had a negative external effect on urban residents and has become a key factor in maximizing the problem of quality of life in urban life. In particular, crime is the external effect that causes the greatest damage among various phenomena occurring in the city. In connection with this situation, the academic world has been interested in the urban regeneration. Urban regeneration means economic, social, physical, and environmental revitalization of a city which is de-clining due to depopulation, change of industrial structure, indiscriminate expansion of cities, deterioration of the dwelling condition, etc. by strengthening the local capacity, introducing and creating new functions, and utilizing the local resources. In previous studies related to urban regeneration, it has been shown that the inte-gration of crime prevention factors in urban regeneration is essential. But the characteristic of Urban Regenera-tion Act is that there is no consideration of security or crime prevention for the urban regeneration area. Consid-ering the ultimate goal of urban regeneration, it should be revised considering the crime prevention and security aspects of residents of urban regeneration area. First, the urban regeneration strategic plan should include ad-ditional items of crime prevention. Second, in this revitalization plan, it should be revised to include contents of crime prevention by referring to the ordinance for prevention of crime. Third, including crime prevention activities similar to current voluntary crime prevention activities in the ac-tivities of community company is one way to strengthen crime prevention activities in urban regeneration areas. These activities should be included in the contents of the Urban Regeneration Support Center. Fourth, in order to develop a cooperative system of crime prevention in urban regeneration areas, the Ministry of the Interior and Safety should be included in the head of the department concerned. As a result, the study suggested alternatives to ensuring the independence and sustainability of crime prevention activities.

약물예방에서 성숙한 약물사용능력 형성으로

김주일(Ju-Ill Kim) 한독교육학회 2012 교육의 이론과 실천 Vol.17 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 독일에서의 청소년 약물중독예방의 역사적 발전과 최근의 경향을 수용지향적 관점에서 분석하는 데에 있다. 먼저, 독일의 전통적 약물중독예방 전략들을 형성배경, 이론적 지향, 실천프로그램의 내용과 성과를 비판적으로 분석하였다. 또한, 건강증진의 철학과 수용패러다임이 약물중독예방에 미친 영향을 최근에 등장한 약물중독예방 전략들을 중심으로 분석하였다. 마지막으로, 독일의 청소년 약물중독예방 전략의 역사적 변화에 대한 분석이 우리나라에 주는 시사점을 논의하였다. 분석 결과, 독일청소년 약물중독예방은 전통적으로 청소년의 개인적ㆍ사회적 역량의 함양에 초점을 두고 일차적 예방의 차원에서 수행되었으며 청소년의 약물사용을 방지하는 방안으로 이해되었다는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 청소년 약물중독예방은 1970년대의 금단지향적 관점에 바탕을 둔 약물예방에서 시작되어 1980년대 약물중독예방을 거쳐, 최근 수용지향적 관점에 바탕을 두고 성숙한 약물사용능력의 형성을 지원하는 전략으로 변화하고 있다. 즉, 청소년이 약물에 대하여 자기책임적 관계를 형성하고 유지할 수 있도록 약물에 대한 자기관리 능력을 증진하는 약물중독예방의 필요성이 점차 강조되고 있는 것이다. 금단지향적 관점에 바탕을 두고 수행되고 있는 우리나라 청소년 약물중독예방에 수용패러다임에 바탕을 둔 전략들이 보완될 필요가 있다. This study discusses historical development and changes of youth drug addiction prevention in Germany in an acceptance perspective. First, this study criticizes the traditional strategies for drug addiction prevention in Germany in terms of the background, the theoretical underpinnings, the prevention programs, and the performance of the programs. Second, the impact of philosophy of health promotion and acceptance paradigm on drug addiction prevention, focusing on the current strategies for drug addiction prevention, is examined. Lastly, the implications for Korean youth drug addiction prevention are discussed. The findings show that the traditional drug addiction prevention in Germany which aimed to prevent youth drug use focused on promoting individual and social competence of youth for primary prevention. In addition, the youth drug addiction prevention that was initiated in the 1970s has been changing from the drug prevention focused on abstinence and the drug addiction prevention in the 1980s to the strategy that emphasizes drug majority in an acceptance perspective. This underscores the need for drug addiction prevention that promotes self-control for drug use which enable youth to create and maintain self-responsibility for drug. The findings presented in this study have implications for youth drug addiction prevention policy and practice in Korea. These findings suggest that the current Korean youth drug addiction prevention which focuses on abstinence needs to adapt strategies that are featured by acceptance paradigm.

특수형광 페이스트 식별기술 개발을 활용한 범죄예방디자인 연구

김홍규 한국디자인문화학회 2017 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.23 No.4

시민들의 안전과 생명을 보호 하고 도시기능이 정상적으로 운영되게 하는 공공부문의 기능인 안전관리는 주로 경찰, 자치단체, 정부에서 맡아 다양한 교육과 안전마을 확대, 방범용 CCTV 설치 등 범죄예방활동을 진행하였다. 하지만 다양화 조직화 하는 범죄는 좀처럼 줄어들지 않아 관공서에서 실시하고 있는범죄예방 활동만으로는 한계와 문제점이 있었다. 본 논문은 범죄를 예방하고 검거율을 높일 수 있는저비용 고효율의 범죄예방 운용기술과 범죄예방디자인 을 통하여 연구방법을 도출하고 개발프로세스를정립하여 범죄예방에 적용하고 활용하고자 하였다. 연구의 핵심내용은 특수형광 페이스트 식별기술과추적시스템인 맞춤형 리딩 방법을 범죄예방 시스템으로 운용 할 수 있는 방안과 범죄에 취약한 거주지에디자인을 활용한 방범설계(환경개선)실시이다. 이를 위하여 범죄예방 운용기술을 이해하고 범죄예방 디자인사례 분석과 디자인방안을 연구하였다. 범죄예방 개발프로세스 및 범죄예방이 필요한 지역인 서울시 성동구 지역의 범죄예방 구역을 대상으로 주민조사, 선호도조사 활동을 바탕으로 디자인 제안과 범죄예방 적용 및 실행으로 특수형광 페이스트를 도포하였으며, 식별기술에 관한 내용을 활용하기 위한CPTED(범죄예방 디자인)적용을 실행하였다. 지역사회 발전에 기여하기 위한 범죄예방사업을 진행하여 산학연계의 모범 모델로 연구되었으며, 지속가능한 미래 4차 산업의 발전토대를 마련하고 범죄예방관련 산업의 질적 수준을 높여 관련 영역의 확장을이룰 수 있었다. 안전마을 디자인개발은 주변경관과조화롭게 디자인되어 범죄예방과 안전시설 확충에 기여 하였으며, 범죄에 취약한 건축물, 특정한 골목 구간에 범죄예방 시스템 도입과 주민참여형 사업으로물리적(형광페이스트, 방범)시설과 비물리적(주민참여, 프로그램 발굴)요소 도입을 통한 종합적 해결방안이연구를 통하여 제시 되었다. 이러한 연구는 우리의 기술적 가치와 혁신적인 디자인 서비스 융합을 통하여 범죄예방 식별기술을 안전하고 편리한 사회를 유지하는 방법으로 진행하여발전시켰다. Generally, police, local autonomous government and central government took charge of safety management, which is a public sector function to protect the safety and lives of people and enable the normal operation of urban functions, in executing a diverse range of education, expansion of safe neighborhoods and installation of CCTV for crime prevention, etc. However, crimes that are becoming increasingly more diversified and organized did not decline. Therefore there are limitations and problems in the crime prevention activities that are being implemented by government authorities. In the thesis, technology for operation of low cost and high efficiency crime prevention to prevent crimes and elevate the arresting of criminals, and means of such through crime prevention design, and to establish development process to apply and utilized in crime prevention. The core contents of the research is to execute crime prevention design (environmental improvement) by utilizing special fluorescent paste identification technology, means of operation of customized reading method, which is a tracking system, as crime prevention system and design on the residential areas that are vulnerable to crimes. For these purposes, understanding on the technology for operation of crime prevention was sought, crime prevention design cases were analyzed and design methods were researched. Design proposals were made and special fluorescent paste was coated as application and execution of crime prevention on the basis of the survey on the residents and their preferences for the crime prevention zones in the region of Seongdong-gu, Seoul, which need crime prevention development process and crime prevention. Moreover, application of CPTED (crime prevention design) was executed for utilization of contents of identification technology. It was studies as an exemplary model for industry-academia linkage by executing crime prevention project to make contribution towards advancement of local society, and it was possible to accomplish expansion of the relevant domain by establishing the foundation for advancement of sustainable 4th generation industry of the future and elevating the qualitative level of crime prevention related industry. Design development will make contributions towards expansion of crime prevention and safety facilities by being harmoniously designed with the surrounding landscapes. Moreover, it will impart influence on overall aspects of the society by being advanced into the process of preparing and developing advanced industry through expansion of the crime prevention industry into design related companies. These researches were advanced by executing crime prevention identification technology in the method of maintaining safety and convenient society through convergence of our technologic value and innovative design services.

일반 시민의 범죄예방 행위에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구

박순진(Park, Soon Jin) 한국피해자학회 2021 被害者學硏究 Vol.29 No.2

일반인은 누구든 가능하면 범죄를 겪지 않으려고 노력한다. 이 논문은 일반 시민이 시도하는 범죄예방 행위를 살펴보고 개인의 범죄예방 행위가 어떤 요인에 의해 영향을 받는지 분석하였다. 일반인이 인식하는 범죄에 대한 두려움은 당사자에게 범죄피해를 예방하는 다양한대응 방안을 모색하게 하고 상황에 따라 적절한 범죄예방 행위를 구체적으로 시도하게 만든다. 범죄피해의 심각성에 대한 인식, 언론을 통한 범죄 노출, 지역사회의 무질서와 공식·비공식적 통제, 범죄 발생 추세와 지역사회의 안전에 대한 인식 역시 일반인의 범죄예방 행동에 영향을 준다. 범죄피해에 노출될 가능성이 있는 사람은 각자의 사회인구학적 특성과 처한 상황에 대한인식에 근거하여 적절한 범죄예방 행위를 선택한다. 이 논문에서는 개인의 범죄예방 행위를개인적 방어행위, 개인적 회피행위, 집합적 예방 활동으로 구분하여 살펴보았다. 일반 시민은범죄로부터 자신의 생명과 신체, 그리고 재산을 보호하기 위하여 다양한 조치나 행동을 취하고 있는데, 셋으로 구분한 범죄예방 행위 가운데에서는 개인적 방어행위를 가장 많이 하고, 다음으로 개인적 회피행위를 많이 하며, 집합적 예방 활동을 하는 비율이 가장 작았다. 범죄예방 행위에 유의미한 영향을 끼치는 요인들은 셋으로 구분한 종속변수에 따라 약간의 차이가 있었다. 개인적 방어행위 모형, 개인적 회피행위 모형, 집합적 예방 활동 모형에서일관되게 유의미한 효과를 나타낸 요인은 교육 연수, 범죄피해 취약성, 범죄정보 노출, 지역사회 무질서, 일반적/구체적 범죄 두려움이다. 사람들은 교육 수준이 높을수록, 범죄피해 취약성이 높을수록, 범죄정보 노출이 빈번할수록, 지역사회 무질서를 높게 평가할수록, 범죄 두려움이 클수록 개인적 방어행위, 개인적 회피행위, 집합적 예방 활동 등을 더 많이 하는 것을알 수 있었다. In general, people try not to experience any crime. This paper examines individual crime prevention activities and attempts to analyze what factors affect individual crime prevention activities. Fear of crime perceived by individuals makes them come up with various countermeasures to prevent crime victimization and specifically attempt appropriate crime prevention activities depending on the situation. Perception of the seriousness of crime, exposure to crime through the media, social disorder and formal and informal control of the community, and perception of crime trends and safety in the community also affect individual crime prevention activities. Individuals who are likely to be exposed to crime vitimization choose appropriate crime prevention activity based on their socio-demographic characteristics and perceptions of their situation. In this paper, individual crime prevention activities were divided into personal defensive measures, personal avoidance measures, and collective prevention activities. Individuals take a variety of measures or actions to protect themselves and property from crime, with the highest percentage of three crime prevention activities being personal defencive measures, followed by personal avoidance measures, and collective prevention activities. Factors that had a significant impact on crime prevention activities differed depending on the dependent variables. Consistently significant factors in the Personal Defensive Measure Model, Personal Avoidance Measure Model and Collective Prevention Activity Model include level of education, vulnerability to crime, exposure to criminal information, community disorder, fear of general and specific crime. Looking at individual crime prevention activities, I found that the higher the level of education, the higher the vulnerability to crime, the higher the exposure to criminal information, and the higher the fear of crime, the more personal defense, personal avoidance, and collective prevention.

지역사회 경찰활동과 범죄예방 기법

임창호 大田大學校 社會科學硏究所 2017 社會科學論文集 Vol.36 No.2

The purpose of this study is to examine the concept of community policing, crime prevention theories, and Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design(CPTED), and to introduce the main methods of crime prevention techniques for specific crimes to South Korea. Specific crime prevention techniques outlined in this study is based on the "Problem-oriented Guide for Police" published by The Office of Community-Oriented Policing Service of United States. To attain the purpose of this study, First, community policing was defined, and as the key elements of community policing activity, community partnerships and problem solving were presented. Concerning crime prevention theories, the Chicago Area Project (CAP), Neighborhood Watch Programs, Physical Design, Routine Activity Theory and Rational Choice Theory, Broken Window Theory were briefly described. In particular, 25 strategies for situational crime prevention presented by Clarke were introduced, which divided crime prevention goals into five main goals, and will help the police develop the effective solutions for specific problems in the community. In addition, the concepts of Environmental Design Crime Prevention(CPTED) and 2nd generation CPTED were presented. As a specific crime prevention technique, prevention techniques for theft, robbery, assault and prostitution were introduced. Finally, so as to apply problem solving techniques to KNP, this paper proposes the systematic study of crime prevention techniques, the change in the perception of local police officers, and the sharing of problem solving techniques among police agencies . 이 연구의 목적은 지역사회 경찰활동, 범죄예방이론, 환경 설계 범죄예방(CPTED)의 개념들을 살펴보고, 특정 범죄들을 대상으로 한 범죄예방 기법의 주요 내용을 소개하고, 범죄예방 기법들을 한국 경찰에 적용하기 위한 방안들을 제시하는 것이다. 이 연구에서 소개된 범죄예방 기법들은 미국의 「지역사회 경찰활동 서비스 국」(The Office of Community Oriented Policing Services)에서 발행된 「경찰을 위한 문제 지향 가이드」 (Problem-Oriented Guide for Police)라는 보고서들에 기초를 두고 있다. 이 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해서 먼저, 지역사회 경찰활동의 개념이 정의되고, 지역사회 경찰활동의 주요 요소로서 지역사회 파트너십과 문제해결이 제시되었다. 그리고, 범죄예방이론들로서 Chicago Area Project(CAP), 이웃 돌봐주기 프로그램, 물리적 설계, 일상활동이론과 합리적 선택이론, 깨어진 유리창 이론, 상황적 범죄예방 이론의 개념이 간략하게 제시되었다. 특히, Clarke에 의해서 제시된 25가지 상황적 범죄예방 전략들이 소개되었는데, Clarke는 범죄예방의 목표를 5가지 주요 목표로 구분하였다. 이 전략들은 지역사회의 특정 문제들을 위한 해결방안들을 개발함에 있어서 매우 중요한 기초가 될 수 있다. 또한, 환경설계 범죄예방(CPTED) 및 2세대 CPTED의 개념이 제시되고, 특정한 범죄예방 기법으로서, 절도 예방, 강도 예방, 폭행·협박 예방, 성매매 예방에 대한 기법들이 소개되었다. 마지막으로 이 논문은 범죄예방 기법의 한국 경찰에의 적용방안으로서 범죄예방기법의 체계적인 연구, 지역 경찰관의 인식 변화, 경찰관서 간 문제해결 기법의 공유를 제안하였다.

범죄예방 자원봉사위원 제도의 발전적 운영방안에 관한 연구

함혜연 한국교정학회 2010 矯正硏究 Vol.- No.48

보호관찰제도를 통한 범죄예방분야에 있어 ‘犯罪豫防自願奉仕委員’이라고 하는 민간 자원봉사인력이 활용되고 있다. 범죄예방자원봉사위원은 一般犯罪豫 防委員과 特別犯罪豫防委員의 2가지 형태로 구분되는데, 운영주체가 각기 검찰 청과 보호관찰소로 二元化되어 있다. 그러나 학계와 보호관찰실무가들을 중심으로 자원봉사 인력의 효율적 활용이라는 측면에서 이원화체제는 합리적이지 못하다는 비판이 꾸준히 제기되어 오고 있다. 이와 같은 이원적 운영체제의 문제점으로는 일반범죄예방자원봉사위원의 검찰 편입에 따른 권력단체화, 자원봉 사인력의 활용도 저하, 전문 자원봉사조직으로의 발전에 있어 장애요인화 등을 들 수 있다. 무엇보다 범죄예방자원봉사위원이 일반․특별위원으로 나뉘어 운영됨으로써 전체 범죄예방자원봉사위원이라는 측면에서 보았을 때 선발․위 촉․교육 등이 일관성 없이 이루어지며, 이는 범죄예방자원봉사위원의 전문성 제고 및 발전에 있어서 장애요인으로 작용하고 있다. 따라서, 범죄예방자원봉사 위원이 순수 자원봉사조직으로서의 정체성을 회복하고, 전문성과 경쟁력을 갖 춘 조직으로 거듭남으로써 지역사회의 재범방지에 실질적으로 기여하기 위해서는 조직 단일화를 통한 쇄신이 요구된다. 이러한 통합 조직을 관리하는 국가기 관도 범죄예방과 직접적으로 연관이 있는 기관으로 새로이 지정함으로써 조직 운영의 전문성과 능률성을 도모해 나가야 할 것이다. The Probation & Parole System helps to achieve the goal of preventing second and repeated offenders in the community more effectively by way of private sectors’ participation. To this end, Korea introduces and operates the Crime Prevention Committee System, a private volunteering organization. In Korea, however, such crime prevention committees tend to be operated in two separate organizations, the general crime prevention committee and the special crime prevention committee. In other words, the general crime prevention committee is operated by the prosecution, and the special crime prevention committee by the probation & parole office. Despite that under the Probation Act, both the prosecution and the probation office are responsible to support the probation officers to guide and observe those who are under probation, their tasks are in reality separated, which is difficult to understand from the theoretical point of view. Particularly, the general crime prevention committee affiliated with the prosecution often functions not as private volunteering workers, but as financial supports for various events in the prosecution, thus being criticized for not making a practical contribution to crime prevention. Therefore, the Crime Prevention Committee System requires a major reform in order to achieve the system’s ultimate goal, that is, the guidance and protection of those who are under probation and the safety of the community. Particularly, the current two-part committee system, the general and special crime prevention committees, needs to be integrated into one organization, and the probation & parole office that is directly related to the tasks of probation should manage and oversee the tasks of probation so as to help the Crime Prevention Committee System make a practical and realistic contribution to the Probation & Parole System.

식민지 조선의 전염병예방령 개정과 ‘보균자’ 문제

백선례(Baek, Seon-Lye) 의료역사연구회 2021 의료사회사연구 Vol.7 No.1

1910년 병합 이후 조선총독부는 식민지 조선 통치의 기반이 되는 다양한 법령들을 차례로 공포하였으며, 위생행정과 관련된 법령들 역시 1910년대에 차례대로 제정되었다. 1915년 6월 제령 제2호로 전염병예방령이 제정되었고, 이로써 조선총독부 통치 초기의 위생 관련 법령이 정비되었다. 1915년 전염병예방령 제정이 지니는 의미와 그 제정과정, 그리고 그 성격에 대해서는 상당한 분석이 이루어졌지만, 이후 1920년대 전염병예방령이 개정된 것에 주목한 연구는 찾아보기 힘들다. 이 글에서는 1920년대 조선의 전염병예방령 개정에 주목하여 그 의미와 시행과정을 살펴보고자 한다. 이 전염병예방령 개정이 의미 있는 것 중의 하나는 ‘보균자’라는 의학지식이 법령이 반영되어 보균자 단속을 강조했다는 점에서이다. 20세기 초 새롭게 알려진 건강보균자에 대한 지식과 함께 보균자가 전염병 방역의 중요한 존재로 떠오르면서 보균자 취급 문제가 법령에 반영되었던 것이다. 조선에서는 1924년 6월 전염병예방령 개정이 관보를 통해 고시되었으나 실제 시행기일은 1928년 6월 1일로 시행까지 4년여의 시간이 소요되었다. 4년의 기간에 걸쳐 개정된 전염병예방령 및 시행규칙에서 가장 중요하게 강조되었던 부분은 역시 ‘보균자’ 단속의 강화였다. 이렇게 법령으로 보균자 취급이 강화된 만큼 언론에서 그려내는 보균자 묘사 또한 강화되었다. 언론을 통해 일반 대중들에게 보균자의 위험성을 강조하는 것은 보균자 검사를 위한 시설 및 인력이 부족한 상황에서 개인의 자발적 검사에 기댈 수밖에 없었던 식민지 조선의 상황이 반영된 것이기도 하였다. The typhoid outbreak that occurred in New York in the early 1900s and the case of Typhoid Mary, who was identified as the cause of the outbreak and sent a wave of the infection throughout the United States, established the existence of disease carriers. In addition, this also highlighted the importance of the identification of carriers in infectious disease prevention. In order to apply this new finding to quarantine strategies for infectious disease control, regulations had to be put in place. Accordingly, in the 1910s, a category of ‘carrier(s)’ was added to the revised Infectious Disease Prevention Order in Taiwan and Korea. In the Japanese Empire, a 1922 revision of the Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Act considered carriers as infected patients, recommending the same set of rules for both carriers and patients. After the revision of the Act in Japan, revisions to the Infectious Disease Prevention Order in Taiwan and Korea followed. In December 1925, the Infectious Disease Prevention Order was abolished in Taiwan, to follow the Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Act of Japan. Although a revision of the Infectious Disease Prevention Order was announced through the official gazette in June 1924 in Korea, the revision did not actually take place until 4 years later, on June 1, 1928. The most emphasized topic within the 4-year revision of the Infectious Disease Prevention Order and the Enforcement Decree of the Infectious Disease Prevention Order also pertained to carriers. In fact, until the 1910s, Koreans were viewed as potential carriers. However, overtime, greater importance was placed on the role of carriers in infectious disease prevention, which thus emerged as an urgent issue. The existence of carriers in Colonial Korea was identified during the cholera outbreak in 1920, following an incident involving the accommodation of carriers in a hospital (Sunhwawon). The incident led to attempts to educate the public through newspaper and magazine articles on the existence of carriers and the need to quarantine. During the revision of the Infectious Disease Prevention Order, awareness regarding disease carriers was enforced due to a typhoid fever outbreak in Gyeonseong in January and February, 1928. Furthermore, attempts to increase the understanding about carriers were continued in the press, albeit in such a way that labeled carriers as the source of infectious disease and emphasized their risk to others. As a result, expressions used to describe carriers were becoming increasingly unsavory, such as the “troops of infectious diseases” and “spies”. Medical information regarding carriers was included in the newly revised Infectious Disease Prevention Order and disseminated through newspaper and magazine articles with the purpose of promoting understanding with the aim of creating awareness about the need to investigate and quarantine carriers. Nevertheless, carriers continued to be framed as the major source of infectious diseases as a means to improve the public’s understanding of their role in disease transmission.