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Characteristics of Ozone Precursor Emissions and POCP in the Biggest Port City in Korea
Song, Sang-Keun,Shon, Zang-Ho,Son, Hyun Keun Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment 2015 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.9 No.2
Emissions of ozone precursors ($NO_x$ and VOCs) and photochemical ozone creation potentials (POCPs) of VOC emission sources were investigated in the largest port city (i.e., Busan), Korea during the year 2011. This analysis was performed using the Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS) national emission inventory provided by the National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Korea. For $NO_x$, the emissions from off-road mobile sources in Busan were the most dominant (e.g., $31,202ton\;yr^{-1}$), accounting for about 60% of the total $NO_x$ emissions. The emission from shipping of off-road mobile sources (e.g., $24,922ton\;yr^{-1}$) was a major contributor to their total emissions, amounting to 47% of the total $NO_x$ emissions due to the port-related activities in Busan. For VOCs, the emission source category of solvent usage was predominant (e.g., $36,062ton\;yr^{-1}$), accounting for approximately 82% of the total VOC emissions. Out of solvent usages, the emission from painting was the most dominant ($22,733ton\;yr^{-1}$), comprising 52% of the total emissions from solvent usages. The most dominant VOC species emitted from their sources in Busan was toluene, followed by xylene, butane, ethylbenzene, n-butanol, isopropyl alcohol, and propane. The major emission sources of toluene and xylene were found to be painting of coil coating and ship building, respectively. The value of POCP for the off-road mobile source (61) was the highest in ten major activity sectors of VOC emissions. Since the POCP value of ship transport of off-road mobile source (72) was also high enough to affect ozone concentration, the ship emission can play a significant role in ozone production of the port city like Busan.
Characteristics of Ozone Precursor Emissions and POCP in the Biggest Port City in Korea
송상근,손장호,손현근 한국대기환경학회 2015 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.9 No.2
Emissions of ozone precursors (NOx and VOCs) and photochemical ozone creation potentials (POCPs) of VOC emission sources were investigated in the largest port city (i.e., Busan), Korea during the year 2011. This analysis was performed using the Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS) national emission inventory provided by the National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Korea. For NOx, the emissions from off-road mobile sources in Busan were the most dominant (e.g., 31,202 ton yr-1), accounting for about 60% of the total NOx emissions. The emission from shipping of off-road mobile sources (e.g., 24,922 ton yr-1) was a major contributor to their total emissions, amounting to 47% of the total NOx emissions due to the port-related activities in Busan. For VOCs, the emission source category of solvent usage was predominant (e.g., 36,062 ton yr-1), accounting for approximately 82% of the total VOC emissions. Out of solvent usages, the emission from painting was the most dominant (22,733 ton yr-1), comprising 52% of the total emissions from solvent usages. The most dominant VOC species emitted from their sources in Busan was toluene, followed by xylene, butane, ethylbenzene, n-butanol, isopropyl alcohol, and propane. The major emission sources of toluene and xylene were found to be painting of coil coating and ship building, respectively. The value of POCP for the offroad mobile source (61) was the highest in ten major activity sectors of VOC emissions. Since the POCP value of ship transport of off-road mobile source (72) was also high enough to affect ozone concentration, the ship emission can play a significant role in ozone production of the port city like Busan.
통계분석을 이용한 광주지역 휘발성유기화합물의 특성 연구
이세행 ( Se-haeng Lee ),이대행 ( Dae-haeng Lee ),박강수 ( Kang-soo Park ),송형명 ( Hyeong-myeong Song ),양윤철 ( Yoon-cheol Yang ),이기원 ( Ki-won Lee ),조영관 ( Young-gwan Cho ),서광엽 ( Gwang-yeob Seo ) 한국환경분석학회 2016 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.19 No.1
This study was conducted to investigate the concentration distribution of VOCs (volatile organic compounds) and the contribution of nitric oxides and VOCs to ozone creation in Gwangju. Fifty-two types of VOCs were continually measured by the hour at sampling sites in Seoseok-dong and Geonguk-dong from May to September 2015. Paraffins took up 52.1% of the entire VOCs, followed by aromatics and olefins. The monthly concentration of VOCs was highest in June and lowest in August. As for the hourly concentrations of ozone and nitric oxides, ozone concentrations started to increase from 7 am and got to the highest point during the daytime, whereas nitric oxides showed the opposite trend from ozone by reaching the lowest level during the daytime. The photochemical ozone creation potentials (POCPs) of toluene, isopentane, m,p-xylene, isobutane and 1-butene were 16.0%, 14.2%, 12.7%, 8.3% and 7.5% respectively. These five components together accounted for 58.7% of the total POCPs, which means they are the main contributor to ozone creation. The correlation analysis showed that PM-10 and PM-2.5 (r=0.810, p<0.01), O3 and radiation (r=0.448, p<0.01), and O3 and humidity (r=-0.563, p<0.01) were significant. The results of factor analysis showed that the VOCs were mainly affected by the emission of vehicles and the evaporation of diesel fuel.
생활밀착형 사업장에서 배출되는 오존전구물질을 포함한 VOCs의 목록화 및 오존생성 기여도 평가
조영민,채정석,채종성,김민영,전준민,이태정 한국대기환경학회 2022 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.38 No.2
In this study, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) containing ozone precursors frequently found in workplaces such as car repair (painting) shop, beauty salon, and barbecue restaurants near residential areas were characterized in terms of their contribution to ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. The car repair (painting) shops A, B, and C released the relatively high concentration of butyl acetate (range of 1.45 ppm to 3.48 ppm). In the case of the car repair (painting) shop D, the concentration of n-undecane was highest with 0.03 ppm. Hexane and benzene were found the most at 0.46 ppm in the beauty salon and the barbecue restaurants, respectively. Among the ozone forming substances indicating high values of photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP), average 19.3% of m,p-xylene was found at car repair (painting) shops, 33.6% of hexane in the beauty salons, and 34.2% of pentane in barbecue restaurants. Toluene and benzene showed high contribution to secondary organic aerosol potential (SOAP). Toluene recorded 23.6% and 43.6% of SOAP contribution in car repair (painting) shops and beauty salons, respectively. Benzene recorded a relatively high SOAP contribution with 65.7% in the barbecue restaurants.
인쇄업의 오존전구물질을 포함한 휘발성유기화합물 배출 목록화
채정석,조영민,전준민,이태정 한국냄새환경학회 2019 실내환경 및 냄새 학회지 Vol.18 No.2
In this study, we listed the VOCs focusing on ozone precursors emitted from printing shops in urban areas. Theemission characteristics of the VOCs from workplaces were evaluated in terms of the used inks. As a result offield measurements, more than 80% of detected VOCs showed high values of photochemical ozone creationpotential (POCP). The main species were aromatic hydrocarbons such as ethylbenzene, toluene, ethyltoluene,xylene, trimethylbenzene and their isomers, and paraffin hydrocarbons such as nonane, decane, and octane. Comparative examination between pristine ink and the printing process revealed the emission of hydrocarbons with8 to 12 carbons such as o-xylene to n-dodecane from the used inks and with 3 to 7 carbons such as acetone to3-methylhexane from the printing process. The major contributors to ozone production in printing industries weretoluene (12.2%), heptane (7.43%), and 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene (7.21%) in every step.
김범준(Beom-Jun Kim),김윤갑(Yoon-Kab Kim),최성우(Sung-Woo Choi) 계명대학교 낙동강환경원 2006 環境科學論集 Vol.11 No.1
According to this research, the purpose is trying to find out the emission character and ozone creation potential classified by each site of VOCs. After collecting industrial and vehicle, ambient air and air of industrial zone, make qualitative and quantitative analyses of them. FMI was discharged most from industrial, similar gasoline at vehicle and except idling an engine Aromatic materials were issued most from the LPG vehicles. Aromatic materials were also discharged most from ambient air and appeared most around the industrial area. BTEX captured a high share of aromatic compounds. BTEX was discharged at the rate of 73.4% from industrial, 72.2% from vehicle and 81.1% from the material around boundary. FMI was discharged most at the rate of 21% of the total amount of ozone creation from industrial, and similar gasoline was discharged most at the rate of 35.1% from vehicle.
냉간시동 중 스파크 점화 엔진의 탄화수소 배출에 관한 연구
홍명석,안철봉,장원 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 1999 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.21 No.2
The emission characteristics of hydrocarbons during the cold start have been investigated. The measurements are focused upon the first 20 seconds of operation after starting with the engine and coolant initially at ambient temperature because this period has a major effect on HC emissions, over the FTP cycle, therefore decreasing cold start enrichment and decreasing the time to catalyst light-off are desirable. The engine examined is a 4-cylinder, 4-valve SI engine. The Motec engine control system is used to control ignition timing and fuel injector pulse width throughout the starting and warm-up transient. The engine started using the starter motor. Speciated HC emissions from the exhaust system of the engine have been obtained with 3 second time resolution during cold start using a exhaust gas sampling equipment. The emissions were initially enriched in light fuel alkanes and depleted in heavy aromatic species. The light alkanes feIl rapidly while the lower vapor pressure aromatics increased over a period of 50 sec. These results indicate early retention of low vapor pressure fuel components in the intake manifold and exhaust system. The atmospheric reactivity of the exhaust HC emissions for photochemical smog formation increases as the engine warms.