가로변 버스전용차로의 운영시간 개선방안 연구

길호섭,김명수 한국도로학회 2020 한국도로학회논문집 Vol.22 No.3

PURPOSES : The commuting time is changing due to the changes in working style and hours. Thus, if the operating hours of parttime bus-only lanes, which are being implemented to increase on-time reliability, do not reflect the rush hour due to the changes in the commuting form, the effectiveness of part-time buses decreases. Therefore, in order to improve the punctuality of the bus, we would like to improve the operation time of part-time bus-only lanes by reflecting the rush hour according to the changes in commuting times. METHODS : Peak time was analyzed by surveying traffic volume, speed, and number of public transportation users in the curb bus lane operation section of the Daejeon Metropolitan City. The improvement effect was analyzed based on the passing speed ratio of general vehicles and buses when the implementation time of the dedicated vehicles was improved. RESULTS : The curb bus lane operation time in Daejeon was 40 min shorter than the average operating time of 2 h and 40 min in other major cities. Based on a 2 h analysis, the minimum speed occurrence time was 17:30 to 19:30, the maximum traffic occurrence time was 17:00 to 19:00, and the maximum number of passengers was during 17:00 to 19:00, which is different from the operation time of the afternoon bus-only lanes. CONCLUSIONS : By reflecting the analyzed peak hours, the operating hours of the afternoon lane are improved from 18:00~20:00 to 17:00~19:30. Prior to the implementation of the dedicated vehicles, the traffic speed of the buses and general vehicles is 1.8 (general/bus), It was analyzed that the traffic speed of general vehicles and buses after implementation was reduced to 1.5 (general/bus), thus improving the operation time in terms of the purpose and effectiveness of bus-only lanes.

초기 단일 통로 복강경 담낭절제술을 통해 얻은 교훈

이유니,김우영,최은혜 대한내시경복강경외과학회 2012 Journal of Minimally Invasive Surgery Vol.15 No.3

Purpose: Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) is a rapidly evolving technique which bridges traditional laparoscopic surgery and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). We previously published a study comparing single port laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SPLC) and three port laparoscopic cholecystectomy (TPLC). We concluded that age, sex, diagnosis, body mass index (BMI), length of hospital stay, and mobilization between SPLC and TPLC produced no effect on the surgical requirements or outcomes between the two techniques. However, there were significant differences in operating time and pain scale. Thus, in this study we aimed to analyze those factors which reduced operating time. Methods: This retrospective medical record review enrolled 49 patients who had received SPLC at Presbyterian Medical Center from April 2009 to November 2010. Patient age, sex,BMI, length of hospital stay, operating time, pathological reports, and incidents of iatrogenic gallbladder (GB) perforation and complications were assessed and analyzed. For determining those factors which necessitated long operating times,we assessed the operating times relative to incidents of iatrogenic GB perforation, pathologic report results, surgeon experience and patient BMI. Results: The ratio of men to women in the study population was 1 : 6. The average patient age was 46 years (range of 21 to 93 years). The average BMI was 24.1 (range of 18.5to 31.5). The mean duration of hospital stay was 5.12 days (range of 2 to 15 days). The average operating time was 118minutes (range of 75 minutes to 185 minutes). The pathologic report assessments revealed cases of acute calculous cholecystitis (n=4, 8.2%), chronic calculous cholecystitis (n=37,76.1%) and GB polyp (n=8, 16.3%). Iatrogenic perforation of the GB occurred in 5 cases. Minor complications such as surgical site infection and umbilical skin burn occurred in 6cases. Longer operating times were required in the GB perforation cases than in the non-perforation cases (155±21.21 minutes versus 113.9±30.71 minutes, p=0.008). Of the cases of acute and chronic calculous cholecystitis and GB polyp, those including acute calculous cholecystitits required the longest operation times. The average operating time for the first 25 cases was 134.6±33.16 minutes and the average operating time for the remainder was 100.8±20.41minutes (p=0.001). There was no significant difference in operating time between the BMI>24 and BMI<24 groups (125.9±35.17 minutes versus 111.2±27.65 minutes,respectively, p=0.112). Conclusion: We found 3 factors related to a reduction in operation time: (i) avoidance of iatrogenic perforation of the GB, (ii) application of treatment to case of chronic calculous cholecystitis and GB polyp, and (iii) accumulation of case experience by the attending surgeon.

Reassessment of Relative Value in Shoulder and Elbow Surgery: Do Payment and Relative Value Units Reflect Reality?

Suresh K Nayar,Richard L. Skolasky,Dawn M LaPorte,Ryan M Zimmerman,Aviram M Giladi,Umasuthan Srikumaran 대한정형외과학회 2021 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.13 No.1

Background: Many U.S. health care institutions have adopted compensation models based on work relative value units (wRVUs) to standardize payments and incentivize providers. A major determinant of payment and wRVU assignments is operative time. We sought to determine whether differences in estimated operative times between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) contribute to payment and wRVU misvaluation for the most common shoulder/elbow procedures. Methods: We collected data on wRVUs, payments, and operative times from CMS for 29 types of isolated arthroscopic and open shoulder/elbow procedures. Using regression analysis, we compared relationships between these variables, in addition to median operative times reported by NSQIP (2013–2016). We then determined the relative valuation of each procedure based on operative time. Results: Seventy-nine percent of CMS operative time were longer than NSQIP time (R2 = 0.58), including, but not limited to, shoulder arthroplasty and arthroscopic shoulder surgery. The correlation between payments and operative times was stronger between CMS data (R2 = 0.61) than NSQIP data (R2 = 0.43). Similarly, the correlation between wRVUs and operative times was stronger when using CMS data (R2 = 0.87) than NSQIP data (R2 = 0.69). Nearly all arthroscopic shoulder procedures (aside from synovectomy, debridement, and decompression) were highly valued according to both datasets. Per NSQIP, compensation for revision total shoulder arthroplasty ($10.14/min; 0.26 wRVU/min) was higher than that for primary cases ($9.85, 0.23 wRVU/min) and nearly twice the CMS rate for revision cases ($5.84/min; 0.13 wRVU/min). Conclusions: CMS may overestimate operative times compared to actual operative times as recorded by NSQIP. Shorter operative times may render certain procedures more highly valued than others. Case examples show that this can potentially affect patient care and incentivize higher compensating procedures per operative time when less-involved, shorter operations have similar patient-reported outcomes.

재무제표를 활용한 사이클 타임 측정방안에 관한 연구

권성현(Sung Hyun Kwon),황국재(Kook Jae Hwang),김길선(Kil Sun Kim) 한국경영학회 2004 經營學硏究 Vol.33 No.6

As manufacturing firms in today’s environment have involved more and more in time- based competition, an ability to manage and allocate cycle time efficiently becomes one of core competencies for the firms. However the absence of appropriate measurement and evaluation tools for cycle time prevents firms from actively utilizing the notion of cycle time as a performance measure. Furthermore, since no extant research provides sound explanation of factors that systematically influence the measured cycle time, it is important to identify and understand the factors to make sound managerial judgments on inter- and intra-firm comparisons and consequent improvement of cycle time.The purposes of present study are to develop a model of cycle time measurement using publicly available financial data and to identify non-operational factors that systematically influence the measure cycle time, which enables managers performance evaluation, competitive benchmarking, and effective managerial decision making processes with respect to cycle time performance. In the current study, we have utilized a panel of financial data for domestic manufacturing firms through the periods of 1981-2002, and generated the following results. First, a model of cycle time measurement using financial data is proposed. Second, we identify non-operational factors such as gross margin ratio, capital intensity, and input-output ratio that systematically influence the measured cycle time, and show that the proposed model per se has some inherent limits to be used as a sound operational measure of cycle time. Third, we also propose an adjusted measure of cycle time which takes into account of the effect of the factors on cycle time measurement, and show through case analyses how the adjusted measure can be used to make within-firm analyses and between-firms comparisons of cycle time. Our results show that the overall cycle time performance is deteriorating over the past 20 years, which is consistent with the results from other researches: Kekre and Srinivasan (199), Rajagopalan and Malhotra (2001), Gaur et al. (2004), and Ginter and La Londe (2004). Reasons include increased product variety, shorter product life cycle, increasing degree of global outsourcing that leads to longer manufacturing cycle time, and the increased degree of complexity in supply chain network.Some of the limits encountered during the course of the current study include the methodological limits that are known to exist in panel data analyses, reliability and consistency of accounting policies across firms, the use of fixed effect model that prevents us from understanding variance that could possibly be explained by the time and firm specific variables, and lack of more detail analyses to understand the differences across industry sectors.Based the limits addressed, the current study shed some lights on the directions for the future research. First, to make our model more useful in practice, it is necessary to verify the directional consistency between the results from the model and the observations from the industry in terms of actual cycle time. The theoretically verified consistency will provide more concrete support for the use of the model. Second, using the model, one can study how the operational improvements and changes initiated by managers can be linked to actual improvement of cycle time. Thus, one can systematically track the effectiveness of cycle time improvement programs using financial data. Third, while the current study employed time and firm specific effects as fixed effects in the model, one can study the factors that influence the changes in firm and time specific effects. Furthermore, one can identify other significant non-operational factors to be included in the model that influence the cycle time performance. Last, similar studies can be done to understand the differences among industry sectors, and can also be extended to non-manufacturing sectors such as distribution and re

모즈 미세도식 수술의 수술 시간에 대한 분석: 단일 기관의 경험

문제호 ( Je Ho Mun ),박현제 ( Hyun Je Park ),김수한 ( Su Han Kim ),정도상 ( Do Sang Jung ),고현창 ( Hyun Chang Ko ),김병수 ( Byung Soo Kim ),김문범 ( Moon Bum Kim ),김훈수 ( Hoon Soo Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2011 대한피부과학회지 Vol.49 No.7

Background: Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is a precise method of treating skin cancer. There have been many studies about the advantages and disadvantages of MMS. However, no study has yet been carried out regarding the length of surgery. Objective: The purpose of this study was to report our experience with MMS for the treatment of skin cancers and to analyze the operative time of MMS. Methods: We analyzed 50 cases of skin cancers treated by MMS at the Dermatosurgery Clinic in Pusan National University Hospital between April 2009 and November 2009. Results: The minimum and maximum operative times of MMS were 88 and 356 minutes, respectively, and the mean operative time was 171.4 minutes. The mean number of stages was 1.7 (range, 1~4). The mean operative time per stage was 93.9, 62.9, 57.2, and 53 minutes for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th stages, respectively. The time percentages for a pathologic consult to the Department of Pathology per stage was 42%, 50%, 52%, and 57% for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th stages, respectively; therefore, the consultation to the Department of Pathology occupied a high percentage of the operative time. The mean operative time of repair for surgical defects was 44.4 minutes. Limitations: The results of this study are based on the experience of a single surgical team in a single institution. Conclusion: The results of our study reveal that MMS is a time-consuming operation. Further studies are required to shorten the operation time of MMS.

타워야더에 의한 집재작업시스템 분석

박상준 ( Sang Jun Park ) 한국산림과학회 2004 한국산림과학회지 Vol.93 No.3

In order to establish the yarding operation system and to spread the efficient thinning yarding operation technique with a mobile tower-yarder, yarding operation efficiency and yarding operation system, yarding operation time in the line thinning yarding operation were investigated. In the line thinning yarding operation by a mobile tower-yarder, the ratio of choking time and lateral yarding time in the main operation time was the highest. The ratio of setting-up time and dismantling time in the accessory operation time was the highest. In the investigation location, an average yarding timber volume of the line thinning operation by a mobile tower-yarder was 5.25㎡ per a day and man. An average cutting and bucking timber volume was 10.5㎡ and 5.25㎡ per a day and man in the logging operation on the basis of the line thinning yarding operation by a mobile tower-yarder. The relationship of lateral wire traction distance and lateral yarding distance to time was showed low significance. But the relationship of yarding distance to time was showed high significance. Therefore, it is necessary to the raise of ability through the education and training of choking man and operator. As the results of the simulation of the line thinning yarding operation by a mobile tower-yarder, the yarding finishing time of 7 line of one block and 1 ha is about 1 day 4 hours and 5 day, respectively. This result is more high efficiency than the logging operation by man power and wood grapple, tractor winch. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce the yarding operation system by a mobile tower-yarder.

선박운항데이터 기반 실시간 선박운항효율 분석 모델 개발

황태민,황효선,윤익현 해양환경안전학회 2023 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.29 No.1

Currently, the maritime industry is focusing on developing technologies that promote autonomy and intelligence, such as smart ships, autonomous ships, and eco-friendly technologies, to enhance ship operational efficiency. Many countries are conducting research on different methods to ensure ship safety while increasing operational efficiency. This study aims to develop a real-time ship operational efficiency analysis model using data analysis methods to address the current limitations of the present technologies in the real-time evaluation of operational efficiency. The model selected ship operational efficiency factors and ship operational condition factors to compare the operational efficiency of the ship with present and classified factors to determine whether the present ship operational efficiency is appropriate. The study involved selecting a target ship, collecting data, preprocessing data, and developing classification models. The results of the research were obtained by determining the improved ship operational efficiency based on the ship operational condition factors to support ship operators.

Real-Time Communication using TMO(Time-Triggered and Message-Triggered Object) in Distributed Computing Systems

Kim, Gwang-Jun,Kim, Chun-Suk,Kim, Yong-Gin,Yoon, Chan-Ho,Kim, Moon-Hwan The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2003 Journal of information and communication convergen Vol.1 No.1

Real-time(RT) object-oriented(OO) distributed computing is a form of RT distributed computing realized with a distributed computer system structured in the form of an object network. Several approached proposed in recent years for extending the conventional object structuring scheme to suit RT applications, are briefly reviewed. Then the approach named the TMO (Time-triggered Message-triggered Object) structuring scheme was formulated with the goal of instigating a quantum productivity jump in the design of distributed time triggered simulation. The TMO scheme is intended to facilitate the pursuit of a new paradigm in designing distributed time triggered simulation which is to realize real-time computing with a common and general design style that does not alienate the main-stream computing industry and yet to allow system engineers to confidently produce certifiable distributed time triggered simulation for safety-critical applications. The TMO structuring scheme is a syntactically simple but semantically powerful extension of the conventional object structuring approached and as such, its support tools can be based on various well-established OO programming languages such as C++ and on ubiquitous commercial RT operating system kernels. The Scheme enables a great reduction of the designers efforts in guaranteeing timely service capabilities of application systems

Deadline Handling in Real-Time Distributed Object Oriented Programming of TMO

Kim, Hee-Chul,Na, Sang-Dong The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2002 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.6 No.6

Real-time(RT) object-oriented(00) distributed computing is a form of RT distributed computing realized with a distributed computer system structured in the form of an object network. Several approached proposed in recent years for extending the conventional object structuring scheme to suit RT applications, are briefly reviewed. Then the approach named the TMO(Time-triggered Message-triggered Object) structuring scheme was formulated with the goal of instigating a quantum productivity jump in the design of distributed time triggered simulation. The TMO scheme is intended to facilitate the pursuit of a new paradigm in designing distributed time triggered simulation which is to realize real-time computing with a common and general design style that does not alienate the main-stream computing industry and yet to allow system engineers to confidently produce certifiable distributed time triggered simulation for safety-critical applications. The TMO structuring scheme is a syntactically simple but semantically powerful extension of the conventional object structuring approached and as such, its support tools can be based on various well-established 00 programming languages such as C++ and on ubiquitous commercial RT operating system kernels. The Scheme enables a great reduction of the designers efforts in guaranteeing timely service capabilities of application systems.

수리품목 보유수준을 고려한 ALDT 최적화 설정방안 연구

전준형(Joon-Hyung Jun),황경환(Kyoung-Hwan Hwang) 한국산학기술학회 2020 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.21 No.3

무기체계를 지원하는 요소들 중에 있어서 RAM 업무는 개발 초기단계에 수행되며, 무기체계의 작전요구성능과 함께 설계 관점에서 무기체계가 달성해야 할 기준으로 제시된다. RAM 업무 중 운용가용도는 전투준비태세를 보장하고 전쟁에서 승리하기 위한 군의 핵심요소로서, 무기체계 개발 단계에서 개발기준으로 사용되고 있다. 이러한 운용가용도의 요소에는 평균 고장간 시간, 평균 수리시간, 행정 및 군수 지연시간(ALDT: Administrative and Logistic Delay Time, 이하 ALDT) 등이 있으며, ALDT는 무기체계의 노후화, 정비정책 및 지리적인 특수상항에 달라지는 요소로 군의 전투준비태세를 위해 유지해야 하는 운용가용도의 핵심요소라고 할 수 있다. 개발 간 군은 운용가용도의 요소 중 ALDT, 운용 및 대기 시간 등을 제공하며, 제공시 ALDT가 단순 가정으로 제시되어 개발단계에서 설정되어 산출되는 운용가용도는 실제 운용단계에서 분석한 운용가용도와 상이하다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 초기 전력화 기간 동안 획득한 고장정비 데이터를 의사결정계보기법을 적용하여 ALDT를 산출하였으며, 본 연구를 통해 전력화 운용기간 동안 개발시 설정한 운용가용도를 달성하기 위한 최적의 ALDT 설정 방안을 제시한다. RAM of elements to support weapon systems is conducted at the initial development phase and standard is suggested to accomplish strategy requirement performance from a design spec. Operational availability is a key point of the military"s ability to ensure combat readiness and to win the battle. In the weapon system development phase, operational availability is used as a development standard. The military provides ALDT, operation and standby time, which are elements of operational availability. ALDT is a key element of operational availability that must be maintained for combat readiness, as it depends on the aging of a weapon system, maintenance policies and geographical conditions. Operational Availability to be set at the development phase has many differences from the operational availability that is analyzed in the actual operational phase because ALDT is applied as a simple assumption. In the paper, we analyzed ALDT applying the decision tree method through failure data acquired from initial operation. Through this study, we have devised the optimal ALDT setting method to achieve operational availability about operation when the weapons system is unstable.