혈액오염이 Tricalcium Silicate 재료의 압출강도와 표면형태에 미치는 영향

박미선,김재환,최남기,김선미 大韓小兒齒科學會 2016 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.43 No.1

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of blood contamination on the push-out bond strength and surface morphology of tricalcium silicate materials; Biodentine®, Theracal® and mineral trioxide aggregate. The standardized lumens of root slices prepared from extracted single-root human teeth were filled with Biodentine®, Theracal® and mineral trioxide aggregate by manufacturer’s instruction. The specimens were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 20) for each material and then incubated for 4 days at 37℃; control group (phosphate buffered saline solution) and experimental group (fetal bovine serum). The push-out bond strengths were then measured by a universal testing machine and the surface morphology of each experimental group was analyzed by scanning electron microscope. Biodentine® and Theracal® showed higher push-out bond strength compared with mineral trioxide aggregate after exposure to fetal bovine serum. A substantial change in the surface morphology of each material was observed after exposure to fetal bovine serum. In conclusion, the push-out bond strengths of Biodentine® and Theracal® were higher than mineral trioxide aggregate when exposed to blood contamination. Therefore, it is supposed that the use of Biodentine® and Theracal® is appropriate in the presence of blood. 이 연구의 목적은 혈액오염 시 Biodentine®, Theracal®, mineral trioxide aggregate(MTA)의 압출강도를 측정하고 표면형태를 관찰하는 것이었다. Biodentine®, Theracal®, MTA 각각의 재료를 2개의 그룹으로 나누었다. 대조군은 phosphate buffered saline 용액 조건에서, 실험군은 fetal bovine serum 조건에서 4일간 37℃에서 보관하였다. 이후 압출강도를 측정하고 주사전자현미경을이용하여 표면형태를 분석하였다. Biodentine®과 Theracal®은 모든 조건에서 MTA보다 유의하게 더 높은 압출강도를 보였고 혈액오염 시 모든 재료의 압출강도는 유의하게 감소하였다. 표면형태 관찰결과 혈액오염 후 모든 재료의 표면형태가 변화하였다. 혈액오염 조건에서 Biodentine®과 Theracal®은 MTA와 비교하여 더 높은 압출강도를 보였으므로 혈액오염 조건에 사용하기에 더 적절할 수 있다.

Mineral trioxide aggregate가 인간치수세포에서 유전자 발현에 미치는 영향

김용범,손원준,이우철,금기연,백승호,배광식 大韓齒科保存學會 2010 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.35 No.3

이 연구에서는 mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)를 in vitro로 인간치수세포에 적용하였을 때 유전자들의 변화를 조사하였다. 실험군은 MTA를 teflon tube (직경 10 mm 길이 2 mm)에 담아 4시간 경화시킨 후HDPCs에 적용하였고, 대조군은 빈 tub만을 적용하였다. 6, 24, 72시간 후 total RNA를 추출하여 microarray를 이용하여 분석하여, 2배 이상 또는 절반 이하의 변화를 보이는 유전자 중 선택적으로 역전사 중합효소 연쇄반응(reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction)을 사용하여 발현을 확인하였다. 24,546개의 유전자 중에서 109개의 유전자가 2배 이상 up-regulation되었으며(예. FOSB, THBS1, BHLHB2, EDN1, IL11, FN1, COL10A1, TUFT1) 69개의 유전자가 50%이하로 down-regulation되었다(예. SMAD6, DCN). MTA는 bio-inert한 재료라기 보다는 치수세포에 다양한 경로로 영향을 주는 재료로 사료된다. 특히 치수세포의 분화와 증식에 관여하는 유전자의 변화에 영향을 주며 석회화 과정에 관여하는 유전자의 변화에 직접적인 영향을 주리라 사료된다. This study investigated the changes in gene expression when mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was applied in vitro to human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). MTA in a teflon tube (diameter 10 mm, height 2mm) was applied to HDPCs. Empty tube-applied HDPCs were used as negative control. For microarray analysis, total RNA was extracted at 6, 24, and 72 hrs after MTA application. The results were confirmed selectively by performing reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for genes that showed changes of more than two-fold or less than half. Of the 24,546 genes, 109 genes were up-regulated greater than twofold (e.g., FOSB, THBS1, BHLHB2, EDN1, IL11, FN1, COL10A1, and TUFT1) and 69 genes were downregulated below 50% (e.g., SMAD6 and DCN). These results suggest that MTA, rather than being a bioinert material, may have potential to affect the proliferation and differentiation of pulp cells in various ways.

Mineral trioxide aggregate의 역충전을 통한수평 치근 파절의 치료 증례보고

김미희 ( Mi Hee Kim ),이상호 ( Sang Ho Lee ),이난영 ( Nan Young Lee ),정혜란 ( Hye Ran Cheong ),김상덕 ( Sang Duk Kim ) 조선대학교 치의학연구원 2014 Oral Biology Research (Oral Biol Res) Vol.38 No.2

Root fractures involve dentin, cementum, and pulp. They are rare and comprise 0.5% to 7.0% of all trauma cases in permanent teeth. They can be broadly classified as horizontal and vertical root fractures, and horizontal root fractures are most common. Management of horizontal root fractures depends on several factors, and various clinical modalities have been suggested. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has several potential clinical applications due to its superior sealing properties and biocompatibility. This case report describes the treatment and follow-up of a maxillary central incisor with horizontal root fractures using MTA as a retrograde filling material.

미성숙 외상 상와 중절치의 mineral trioxide aggregate를 이용한 치료: 증례보고

이가영 ( Ka Young Lee ),이상호 ( Sang Ho Lee ),이난영 ( Nan Young Lee ) 조선대학교 구강생물학연구소 2012 Oral Biology Research (Oral Biol Res) Vol.36 No.2

Injury to young permanent teeth occurs frequently in children and adolescents following orofacial trauma. In traumatized immature teeth with pulp exposure, preservation of pulp vitality is important. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), as a pulp capping agent that promotes root development and apical closure, has recently gained attention due to its favorable physical and biological properties. In this a d e, we report two cases of traumatized maxillary central incisors that were treated with MTA following direct pulp capping.

염증 및 분화 관련 세포 반응에 대한 치과용 Mineral Trioxide Aggregate의 영향

김종길,손경미,박희철,주정정,권지현,양형철 한국생체재료학회 2013 생체재료학회지 Vol.17 No.1

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is receiving more attentions in endodontic dental clinics due to its high sealing ability and biocompatibility. Although previous studies have reported the effects of MTA on dental pulp tissue, the mechanisms underlying on inflammation and differentiation at cellular levels are not yet fully understood. In this study, we investigated various molecular aspects of cellular reactions involved in inflammation and differentiation to commercially available MTAs including ProRoot MTA, Ortho MTA and MTA-Angelus. mRNA of COX-2 gene which is involved in inflammatory reaction was not increased by all tested MTAs, and expression of COX-2 by lipopolysaccharide was not severely altered by MTAs, demonstrating that COX-2 is not involved in inflammatory reactions to MTA. The extracts of all MTAs obtained for early 24 hrs increased ALP activities of human dental pulp (HDP) cells, while the extracts of ProRoot MTA and MTA-Angelus obtained for 1-3 and 3-6 day decreased ALP activity, indicating the presence of inhibitory components in the two MTAs. ProRoot MTA enhanced mRNA levels of DMP-1, but not DSPP. However, the other MTAs did not affect mRNA expression of DSPP, DMP-1, OCN and OPN, which is not consistent with ALP activities. Thus, further studies are needed to conclude the effects of MTA on differentiation of dental pulp cells.

Mineral trioxide aggregate의 역충전을 통한수평 치근 파절의 치료: 증례보고

김미희,이상호,이난영,정혜란,김상덕 조선대학교 치의학연구원 2014 Oral Biology Research (Oral Biol Res) Vol.38 No.2

Root fractures involve dentin, cementum, and pulp. They are rare and comprise 0.5% to 7.0% of all trauma cases in permanent teeth. They can be broadly classified as horizontal and vertical root fractures, and horizontal root fractures are most common. Management of horizontal root fractures depends on several factors, and various clinical modalities have been suggested. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has several potential clinical applications due to its superior sealing properties and biocompatibility. This case report describes the treatment and follow-up of a maxillary central incisor with horizontal root fractures using MTA as a retrograde filling material.

Effects of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stromal Cells from Permanent and Deciduous Teeth

Seunghye Kim,Mijeong Jeon,Dong Min Shin,Jae Ho Lee,Je Seon Song 大韓小兒齒科學會 2013 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.40 No.3

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has recently been used as a pulpotomy medicament for primary molars. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the proliferation and differentiation potential of dental pulp stromal cells of permanent teeth and deciduous teeth cultured on MTA-coated surface. Human dental pulp stromal cells were obtained from human permanent premolars and deciduous teeth and cultured on MTA-coated culture plates. The cells were subjected to proliferation assay and cell cycle analysis. Their differentiation potential was evaluated by analysing changes in the mRNA expressions of runt-related transcriptional factor 2 (Runx2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Morphological changes of cells in direct contact with MTA were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The proliferation rates, distribution of cell cycles and mRNA expression patterns of Runx2 and ALP were similar in both types of pulpal cells. SEM observations revealed that both types changed into more dendrite-like cells. On the surface of MTA, human dental pulp stromal cells from deciduous and permanent teeth were able to both proliferate and differentiate into cells that induce mineralization. MTA is suitable as a biocompatible pulpotomy medicament for primary teeth. 최근 유구치의 치수절단술 약제로 MTA의 임상 적용이 문헌들에서 보고된 바 있으나 MTA 표면에서 일어나는 유치 치수세포의 반응에 대한 시험관내 연구는 많이 보고되지 않았다. 이번 연구의 목적은 유치 및 영구치에서 유래한 치수기질세포가경화된 MTA 표면에서 나타내는 증식 및 분화 능력을 비교 평가하는 것이었다. 사람 영구치와 유치 치수 조직에서 분리된 치수기질세포를 경화된 MTA 표면에서 배양 후 세포증식율과 세포주기를 검사하였으며, 정량적 역전사 중합효소 연쇄반응(RT-PCR)을 사용하여 분화양상을 분석하였다. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2)와 alkaline phosphatase (ALP)가 정량적 RT-PCR의 표지자로 사용되었고, MTA 표면에서 증식된 치수기질세포의 형태학적 변화를 주사전자현미경 하에서 관찰하였다. 영구치와 유치의 치수기질세포군은 세포증식률, 세포주기 분포 및 mRNA 발현 양상에 있어서 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 주사전자현미경 상에서 두 군 모두 수지상 형태를 나타내었다. MTA 상에서 관찰된 유치와 영구치의 치수기질세포의 비슷한 증식력 및 광화를 유도하는 세포로의 분화능은 유치의 치수절단술 제재로 MTA가 생체친화적으로 적합함을 보여준다.

인간치수세포에 Mineral Trioxide Aggregate와 수산화칼슘 제재 적용 시 유전자 발현 양상 비교

김용범,손원준,이우철,금기연,백승호,배광식 大韓齒科保存學會 2011 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.36 No.5

연구목적: 이 연구에서는 mineral trioxide aggregate 제재인 white ProRoot MTA (wMTA)와 수산화칼슘 제재인 Dycal을 인간치수세포에 적용한 후 치수세포의 분화와 증식, 석회화, 신생혈관형성(angiogenesis) 그리고 염증에 관여하는 유전자들의 발현 변화를 비교하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 실험군은 wMTA와 Dycal을 테플론 튜브(내경 10 mm, 길이 1 mm)에 담아 4시간 경화시킨 후 일차세포배양한 인간치수세포에 적용하였고, 대조군은 빈 튜브만을 적용하였다. 3시간, 6시간, 9시간, 24시간 후 total RNA를 추출하고 oligonucleotide microarray 방법을 통하여 유전자 발현 양상을 분석하였다. 위의 결과를 역전사 중합효소 연쇄반응(reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction)으로 재확인하였다. 결과: wMTA를 적용한 실험군에서 24,546개의 유전자 중 43개 유전자의 발현이 2배 이상 증가하였으며(예. BMP2, FOSB, THBS1, EDN1, IL11, COL10A1, TUFT1, HMOX1) 25개 유전자의 발현이 50% 이하로 감소하였다(예. SMAD6, TIMP2, DCN, SOCS2, CEBPD, KIAA1199). Dycal을 적용한 실험군에서 239개 유전자의 발현이 2배 이상 증가하였으며(예. BMP2, BMP6, SMAD6, IL11, FOS, VEGFA, PlGF, HMOX1, SOCS2, CEBPD, KIAA1199) 358개 유전자의 발현이 50% 이하로 감소하였다(예. EDN1, FGF). 결론: wMTA를 적용한 치수세포에서는 분화와 증식 그리고 석회화에 관여하는 유전자들의 변화가 관찰되었다. Dycal을 적용한 치수세포에서는 분화와 증식 그리고 신생혈관형성에 관여하는 유전자들의 변화가 관찰되었다. 또 Dycal이 염증에 관여하는 유전자들을 더 많이 발현시키는 양상을 보였다. Objectives: This study investigated changes in gene expressions concerning of differentiation, proliferation, mineralization and inflammation using Human-8 expression bead arrays when white Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and calcium hydroxide-containing cement were applied in vitro to human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). Materials and Methods: wMTA (white ProRoot MTA, Dentsply) and Dycal (Dentsply Caulk) in a Teflon tube (inner diameter 10 mm, height 1 mm) were applied to HDPCs. Empty tube-applied HDPCs were used as negative control. Total RNA was extracted at 3, 6, 9 and 24 hr after wMTA and Dycal application. The results of microarray were confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Results: Out of the 24,546 genes, 43 genes (e.g., BMP2, FOSB, THBS1, EDN1, IL11, COL10A1, TUFT1, HMOX1) were up-regulated greater than two-fold and 25 genes (e.g., SMAD6, TIMP2, DCN, SOCS2, CEBPD, KIAA1199) were down-regulated below 50% by wMTA. Two hundred thirty nine genes (e.g., BMP2, BMP6, SMAD6, IL11, FOS, VEGFA, PlGF, HMOX1, SOCS2, CEBPD, KIAA1199) were up-regulated greater than two-fold and 358 genes (e.g., EDN1, FGF) were down-regulated below 50% by Dycal. Conclusions: Both wMTA and Dycal induced changes in gene expressions related with differentiation and proliferation of pulp cells. wMTA induced changes in gene expressions related with mineralization, and Dycal induced those related with angiogenesis. The genes related with inflammation were more expressed by Dycal than by wMTA. It was confirmed that both wMTA and Dycal were able to induce gene expression changes concerned with the pulp repair in different ways.

Biocompatibility of experimental mixture of mineral trioxide aggregate and glass ionomer cement

Oh, Min-Jae,Jeong, Yu-Na,Bae, In-Ho,Yang, So-Young,Park, Bum-Jun,Koh, Jeong-Tae,Hwang, Yun-Chan,Hwang, In-Nam,Oh, Won-Mann 大韓齒科保存學會 2010 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.35 No.5

Objectives: The purpose of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) mixed with glass ionomer cement (GIC), and to compare it with that of MTA, GIC, IRM and SuperEBA. Materials and Methods: Experimental groups were divided into 3 groups such as 1 : 1, 2 : 1, and 1 : 2 groups depending on the mixing ratios of MTA powder and GIC powder. Instead of distilled water, GIC liquid was mixed with the powder. This study was carried out using MG-63 cells derived from human osteosarcoma. They were incubated for 1 day on the surfaces of disc samples and examined by scanning electron microscopy. To evaluate the cytotoxicity of test materials quantitatively, XTT assay was used. The cells were exposed to the extracts and incubated. Cell viability was recorded by measuring the optical density of each test well in reference to controls. Results: The SEM revealed that elongated, dense, and almost confluent cells were observed in the cultures of MTA mixed with GIC, MTA and GIC. On the contrary, cells on the surface of IRM or SuperEBA were round in shape. In XTT assay, cell viability of MTA mixed with GIC group was similar to that of MTA or GIC at all time points. IRM and SuperEBA showed significantly lower cell viability than other groups at all time points (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In this research MTA mixed with GIC showed similar cellular responses as MTA and GIC. It suggests that MTA mixed with GIC has good biocompatibility like MTA and GIC. 연구목적: 본 연구의 목적은 glass ionomer cement (GIC)와 혼합된 mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)의 생체친화성을 평가하고 이것을 MTA, GIC, IRM, SuperEBA와 비교해보는 것이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 재료의 세포독성을 평가하기 위해 MG-63세포를 이용해 주사전자 현미경 관찰과 XTT assay를 실시하였다. 결과: 주사전자 현미경 관찰에서는 GIC와 혼합한 MTA, MTA, GIC의 표면에서 세포질 돌기를 가진 많은 세포들이 밀집되고 융합된 형태로 관찰되었다. 반면 IRM과 SuperEBA에서는 세포들의 수가 적고 둥근 양상을 보여주었다. XTT assay에서는 GIC와 혼합한 MTA에서의 세포 활성도는 모든 시점에서 MTA 또는 GIC와 유사하였다. 반면 IRM과 SuperEBA에서는 모든 시점에서 세포활성도가 다른 그룹에 비해 유의하게 더 낮았다. 결론: 본 연구에서 GIC와 혼합된 MTA는 MTA, GIC와 유사한 세포 반응을 나타냈다. 이것은 GIC와 혼합된 MTA가 MTA, GIC와 마찬가지로 좋은 생체친화성을 가진 재료라는 것을 시사한다.

Physical and chemical properties of experimental mixture of mineral trioxide aggregate and glass ionomer cement

Jeong, Yu-Na,Yang, So-Young,Park, Bum-Jun,Park, Yeong-Joon,Hwang, Yun-Chan,Hwang, In-Nam,Oh, Won-Mann 大韓齒科保存學會 2010 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.35 No.5

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the setting time, compressive strength, solubility, and pH of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) mixed with glass ionomer cement (GIC) and to compare these properties with those of MTA, GIC, IRM, and SuperEBA. Materials and Methods: Setting time, compressive strength, and solubility were determined according to the ISO 9917 or 6876 method. The pH of the test materials was determined using a pH meter with specified electrode for solid specimen. Results: The setting time of MTA mixed with GIC was significantly shorter than that of MTA. Compressive strength of MTA mixed with GIC was significantly lower than that of other materials at all time points for 7 days. Solubility of 1 : 1 and 2 : 1 specimen from MTA mixed with GIC was significantly higher than that of other materials. Solubility of 1 : 2 specimen was similar to that of MTA. The pH of MTA mixed with GIC was 2-4 immediately after mixing and increased to 5-7 after 1 day. Conclusions: The setting time of MTA mixed with GIC was improved compared with MTA. However, other properties such as compressive strength and pH proved to be inferior to those of MTA. To be clinically feasible, further investigation is necessary to find the proper mixing ratio in order to improve the drawbacks of MTA without impairing the pre-existing advantages and to assess the biocompatibility. 연구목적: 본 연구의 목적은 glass ionomer cement (GIC)와 혼합한 mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)의 경화 시간, 압축 강도, 용해도, pH를 평가하고 이것을 MTA, GIC, IRM, SuperEBA와 비교하는 것이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 경화 시간과 압축 강도는 ISO 9917, 그리고 용해도는 ISO 6876 기준에 따라 측정하였다. pH는 고체시편 전용 전극이 연결된 pH meter를 이용하여 측정하였다. 결과: GIC와 혼합한 MTA의 경화시간은 MTA보다 유의하게 짧았으며 압축 강도는 7일간 모든 시점에서 다른 재료보다 유의하게 낮았다. GIC와 혼합한 MTA 중에서 1 : 1과 2 : 1 시편의 용해도는 다른 실험군보다 유의하게 높았다. 또한 GIC와 혼합한 MTA의 pH는 혼합직후 2-4의 범위에서 1일 후 5-7 사이로 증가하였다. 결론: GIC와 혼합한 MTA의 경화시간은 MTA에 비해 개선되었으나 압축강도 및 pH와 같은 다른 성질들은 MTA에 비해 오히려 열등한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 임상적 사용이 가능하려면, MTA의 기존 장점을 저해하지 않으면서 단점을 개선하기 위한 적절한 혼합비를 찾아내고 생체친화성을 평가하는 추가적인 연구가 필수적이다.